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Date: 2025-05-28 Category: Not Applicable State: Union Government Country: Europe

Commission Decision (EU) 2025/1056 of 19 May 2025 on the consistency of the performance targets included in the draft performance plan submitted by Lithuania pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 549/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council with the Union-wide performance targets for the fourth reference period of the Single European Sky performance and charging scheme (notified under document C(2025) 2933)

Issued by European Commission · Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport

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Executive Summary & Key Takeaways

## Policy Analysis Report: Commission Decision EU 2025/1056 Regarding Lithuanian Performance Targets for the Single European Sky **1. Executive Summary:** This report analyzes Commission Decision EU 2025/1056 of May 19, 2025, which assesses the consistency of Lithuania's draft performance plan for the fourth reference period (RP4, 2025-2029) of the Single European Sky (SES) performance and charging scheme with Union-wide performance targets. The European Commission has determined that Lithuania's proposed targets in the key performance areas of safety, environment, capacity, and cost-efficiency are consistent with the Union-wide targets, subject to certain considerations regarding the impact of the war in Ukraine on cost-efficiency. **2. Introduction:** The purpose of this report is to provide an overview and analysis of Commission Decision EU 2025/1056 regarding the assessment of Lithuania's draft performance plan for the fourth reference period (RP4) of the Single European Sky (SES) performance and charging scheme. This analysis is based solely on the provided policy text. **3. Policy Overview:** This decision relates to the performance targets outlined in Lithuania's draft performance plan for the fourth reference period (RP4) of the Single European Sky (SES) initiative. * **Core Objective(s):** The core objective of the underlying policy (Single European Sky) is to improve the performance of air navigation services (ANS) and network functions within the European Union. This Commission Decision specifically aims to assess whether Lithuania's proposed performance targets are consistent with the broader Union-wide performance targets, ensuring a harmonized and effective implementation of the Single European Sky initiative. **4. Background and Rationale:** This decision assesses Lithuania's draft performance plan in the context of the overall Single European Sky framework. The Single European Sky aims to create a more efficient, safer, and environmentally friendly air traffic management system across Europe. Member States are required to develop performance plans with targets consistent with Union-wide objectives. This specific decision addresses the need to ensure that Lithuania's proposed performance targets contribute to the achievement of these broader Union-wide goals. The text acknowledges an external factor impacting Lithuania's performance; the war in Ukraine has significantly reduced overflight traffic, particularly impacting cost-efficiency metrics. This is not a new policy, but rather a regulatory assessment of a specific Member State's performance plan against established EU-wide targets. **5. Key Provisions / Changes:** This Commission Decision does not introduce new regulations. It is an assessment. The key provisions relate to the assessment process and the findings of that assessment: * **Assessment of Key Performance Areas:** The decision details the Commission's assessment of Lithuania's proposed targets in four key performance areas: * **Safety:** The targets for safety management effectiveness are assessed against the Union-wide safety targets. The Commission acknowledges that Lithuania's targets are generally aligned, with the exception of the safety risk management objective. * **Environment:** The targets for average horizontal en route flight efficiency are compared to reference values from the European Route Network Improvement Plan (ERNIP). The Commission found Lithuania's targets to be equal to the reference values. * **Capacity:** The targets for average en route air traffic flow management (ATFM) delay per flight are compared to reference values from the Network Operations Plan. The Commission found Lithuania's targets to be either equal to or lower than the reference values. * **Cost-Efficiency:** The targets for determined unit cost (DUC) for en route air navigation services are assessed against various criteria, including DUC trends and baseline values. The Commission initially noted that Lithuania's long-term DUC trend underperformed the Union-wide trend. However, after adjusting for the impact of traffic losses due to the war in Ukraine, Lithuania's DUC trend was found to outperform the Union-wide trend. * **Determination of Consistency:** The core provision is the Commission's determination that Lithuania's performance targets, as listed in the Annex, are consistent with the Union-wide performance targets for RP4 set out in Implementing Decision EU 2024/1688. **6. Target Audience and Stakeholders:** The primary target audience and stakeholders are: * **The Republic of Lithuania**, specifically its air navigation service provider (Oro Navigacija) and relevant government agencies responsible for air traffic management. * **The European Commission**, responsible for overseeing the implementation of the Single European Sky and assessing Member States' performance plans. * **The Performance Review Body (PRB)**, which assists the Commission in the implementation of the performance scheme. * **Airlines and other airspace users** that are affected by the performance of air navigation services in Lithuanian airspace. * **The aviation industry:** Performance targets related to costs, delays, and efficiency affect operational planning and business models. **7. Implementation Aspects (Inferred):** * **Responsible Agency/Bodies:** Oro Navigacija (Lithuanian air navigation service provider) is directly responsible for implementing the measures outlined in the draft performance plan to achieve the set targets. The European Commission, assisted by the Performance Review Body, oversees the implementation and monitors Lithuania's progress. * **Timelines:** The decision relates to the fourth reference period (RP4), which spans from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2029. * **Procedures:** Lithuania is expected to implement the measures outlined in its draft performance plan and report on its progress to the Commission. The Commission will likely continue to monitor Lithuania's performance and may take further action if the targets are not met. The decision indicates ongoing monitoring, particularly of the cost-efficiency targets, given the impact of the war in Ukraine. **8. Expected Outcomes / Impact of Changes:** The expected outcome of this decision is that Lithuania will continue to implement its draft performance plan and strive to achieve the set targets in the key performance areas of safety, environment, capacity, and cost-efficiency. This will contribute to the overall goals of the Single European Sky, including: * Improved safety of air navigation services. * Reduced environmental impact of aviation. * Increased capacity and reduced delays. * Improved cost-efficiency of air navigation services. Given the acknowledgment of the war in Ukraine's impact, it's expected that the Commission will be flexible in monitoring cost-efficiency targets, recognizing the external factors affecting Lithuania's ability to meet those targets. **9. Conclusion:** Commission Decision EU 2025/1056 confirms that Lithuania's performance targets for the fourth reference period of the Single European Sky are aligned with Union-wide objectives. This assessment is crucial for ensuring the effective implementation of the Single European Sky initiative and achieving its goals of a more efficient, safer, and environmentally friendly air traffic management system across Europe. The decision also highlights the impact of external factors, such as the war in Ukraine, on Member States' performance and the need for flexibility in monitoring and assessment.

Key Entities Referenced

European Union: The political and economic union of European countries. COMMISSION DECISION EU 2025/1056: Commission Decision on the consistency of performance targets in Lithuania's draft performance plan. 19 May 2025: Date of the COMMISSION DECISION EU 2025/1056 Lithuania: Member State submitting the draft performance plan. Regulation EC No 549/2004: Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down the framework for the creation of the single European sky (the framework Regulation). European Parliament: One of the legislative bodies of the European Union. Council: Refers to the Council of the European Union. Unionwide performance targets: Performance targets set at the Union level. Single European Sky: An initiative to reform air traffic management in Europe. C(2025) 2933: Document number associated with the notification. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union: The legal basis for many EU laws. Regulation EU 2024/2803: Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the implementation of the Single European Sky. Commission Implementing Regulation EU 2019/317: Regulation laying down a performance and charging scheme in the single European sky. Implementing Regulations EU No 390/2013: Implementing Regulations being repealed by Commission Implementing Regulation EU 2019/317 Implementing Regulations EU No 391/2013: Implementing Regulations being repealed by Commission Implementing Regulation EU 2019/317 Member States: Countries that are part of the European Union. Functional Airspace Blocks FABs: Airspace blocks defined on the basis of operational requirements. RP4: Fourth reference period (2025-2029) of the performance and charging scheme. Commission Implementing Decision EU 2024/1688: Commission Implementing Decision setting Unionwide performance targets for the air traffic management network for the fourth reference period from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2029. 1 October 2024: Date by which Member States submitted their draft performance plans. 15 November 2024: Date by which Member States submitted updated draft performance plans. Performance Review Body PRB: Body assisting the Commission in the implementation of the performance scheme. Annex IV: Annex to Implementing Regulation EU 2019/317, specifying criteria for assessing consistency of performance targets. Regulation EC No 550/2004: Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the provision of air navigation services in the single European sky (the service provision Regulation). EASA: European Aviation Safety Agency Oro Navigacija: Air navigation service provider in Lithuania. European Route Network Improvement Plan ERNIP: Plan drawn up in accordance with Annex I to Commission Implementing Regulation EU 2019/1236. Commission Implementing Regulation EU 2019/1236: Regulation related to the ERNIP. 2 July 2024: Date of adopting the Unionwide performance targets for RP4. Network Operations Plan: Plan drawn up in accordance with Article 9 of Implementing Regulation EU 2019/123. Commission Implementing Regulation EU 2019/123: Regulation laying down detailed rules for the implementation of air traffic management (ATM) network functions Baltic Functional Airspace Block: A regional airspace collaboration. Russias war of aggression against Ukraine: The war which has impacted traffic and cost-efficiency performance Republic of Lithuania: Addressee of the Decision. Brussels: Location where the decision was made. Apostolos TZITZIKOSTAS: Member of the Commission.
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Official Journal EN of the European Union L series 2025/1056 28.5.2025 COMMISSION DECISION(EU) 2025/1056 of 19 May 2025 on the consistency of the performance targets included in the draft performance plan submitted by Lithuania pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 549/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council with the Union-wide performance targets for the fourth reference period of the Single European Sky performance and charging scheme (notified under document C(2025) 2933) (Only the Lithuanian text is authentic) THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 549/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2004 laying down the framework for the creation of the single European sky (the framework Regulation)(1), and in particular Article 11(3) point (c) thereof, Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2024/2803 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2024 on the implementation of the Single European Sky(2), and in particular Article 58(3) thereof, Having regard to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317 of 11 February 2019 laying down a performance and charging scheme in the single European sky and repealing Implementing Regulations (EU) No 390/2013 and (EU) No 391/2013(3), and in particular Article 14(2) thereof, Whereas: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS (1) Pursuant to Article 11 of Regulation (EC) No 549/2004, Member States are to draw up plans, either at national level or at the level of functional airspace blocks (‘FABs’), including performance targets, for each reference period of the performance and charging scheme for air navigation services and network functions. Those plans are to include local performance targets which are consistent with the Union-wide performance targets for the reference period concerned. (2) The Union-wide performance targets for the fourth reference period (‘RP4’, 2025-2029) were set out in Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/1688(4). (3) All Member States have drawn up and adopted draft performance plans for RP4, which were submitted to the Commission for assessment by 1 October 2024. Following the verification of completeness of those draft performance plans, the Commission requested Member States to submit updated draft performance plans by 15 November 2024. (4) The Commission’s assessment presented in this Decision is based on the updated draft performance plan for RP4 submitted by Lithuania (‘the draft performance plan’). (5) The Performance Review Body (‘PRB’), assisting the Commission in the implementation of the performance scheme, has submitted to the Commission a report containing its advice on the assessment of the draft performance plans. (1) OJ L 96, 31.3.2004, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2004/549/oj. (2) OJ L, 2024/2803, 11.11.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2803/oj. (3) OJ L 56, 25.2.2019, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/317/oj. (4) Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/1688 of 12 June 2024 setting Union-wide performance targets for the air traffic management network for the fourth reference period from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2029 (OJ L, 2024/1688, 17.6.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2024/1688/oj). ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/1056/oj 1/8EN OJ L, 28.5.2025 (6) In accordance with Article 14(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, the Commission has assessed the consistency of the local performance targets included in the draft performance plan on the basis of the criteria laid down in point 1 of Annex IV to that Implementing Regulation, and taking account of local circumstances where relevant. (7) The Commission has complemented its assessment of the draft performance plan with a review of the elements set out in point 2 of Annex IV to that Implementing Regulation. In respect of point 2.1(d)(vii) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, the Commission notes that it has not conducted, as part of that review, a detailed analysis of the methodology used by Lithuania for the allocation of costs between en route and terminal services in RP4. Therefore, the Commission has not drawn any conclusions, at this stage, in respect of the compliance of that cost allocation methodology with points (e) and (f) of Article 15(2) Regulation (EC) No 550/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council(5) and Article 22(5) of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317. COMMISSION ASSESSMENT Assessment of the safety targets (8) As regards the key performance area of safety, the consistency of the targets included in the draft performance plan has been assessed in accordance with point 1.1 of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317. (9) The performance targets in the key performance area of safety proposed by Lithuania in respect of the effectiveness of safety management, broken down per safety management objective and expressed as a level of implementation, are as follows: Targets on the effectiveness of safety management, expressed as a level of implementation, Lithuania ranging from EASA level A to D Air navigation Safety management 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 service provider objective Safety policy and C C C C C objectives Safety risk C C C C D management Oro Navigacija Safety assurance C C C C C Safety promotion C C C C C Safety culture C C C C C (10) The Commission has found that the safety performance targets proposed by Lithuania for the air navigation service provider ‘Oro Navigacija’ are equal to the Union-wide safety targets in respect of each calendar year of RP4, except for the ‘safety risk management’ objective for which the level of the Union-wide target is planned to be reached in year 2029. (11) The Commission notes that the draft performance plan sets out measures for Oro Navigacija for the achievement of the local safety targets, such as training activities for safety experts, the enhanced management of human factor risks, the promotion of safety culture, and the improved sharing of safety information within the organisation. (5) Regulation (EC) No 550/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2004 on the provision of air navigation services in the single European sky (the service provision Regulation) (OJ L 96, 31.3.2004, p. 10, ELI http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/ 2004/550/oj). 2/8 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/1056/ojEN OJ L, 28.5.2025 (12) On the basis of the findings set out in recitals (9), (10) and (11) and considering that the Union-wide safety performance targets set in Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/1688 are to be achieved by the final year of RP4, that is, 2029, the local safety performance targets included in the draft performance plan should be considered consistent with the Union-wide performance targets. Assessment of the environment targets (13) As regards the key performance area of environment, the consistency of the targets included in the draft performance plan regarding the average horizontal en routeflight efficiency of the actual trajectory has been assessed based on the criterion laid down in point 1.2 of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317. Accordingly, the proposed environment targets of Lithuania have been compared to the relevant en route horizontal flight efficiency reference values set out in the European Route Network Improvement Plan (‘ERNIP’), drawn up in accordance with Annex I to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/123(6) and available at the time of adopting the Union-wide performance targets for RP4, that is on 2 July 2024. (14) The environment performance targets proposed by Lithuania for RP4 and the corresponding national reference values from the ERNIP, expressed as the average horizontal en route flight efficiency of the actual trajectory, are as follows: Lithuania 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Targets in the key performance area of environment, expressed as 13,13 % 13,12 % 13,11 % 13,10 % 13,09 % the average horizontal en routeflight efficiency of the actual trajectory Reference values 13,13 % 13,12 % 13,11 % 13,10 % 13,09 % (15) The Commission observes that the environment targets proposed by Lithuania are equal to the corresponding national reference values for each calendar year of RP4. (16) The Commission notes that Lithuania has presented in the draft performance plan measures for the achievement of the local environment targets, including the implementation of enhanced cross-border free route airspace, an upgrade of the air traffic management system, the implementation of tools to support the flexible use of airspace, and a review of its airspace design aimed at optimising flight trajectories. (17) On the basis of the findings set out in recitals (14), (15) and (16), the targets in the key performance area of environment included in the draft performance plan should be considered consistent with the Union-wide performance targets for RP4. Assessment of the capacity targets (18) As regards the key performance area of capacity, the consistency of the targets included in the draft performance plan regarding the average en routeair traffic flow management (‘ATFM’) delay per flight has been assessed based on the criterion laid down in point 1.3 of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317. Accordingly, the proposed capacity targets of Lithuania have been compared to the relevant reference values set out in the Network Operations Plan drawn up in accordance with Article 9 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/123 and available at the time of adopting the Union-wide performance targets for RP4, that is on 2 July 2024. (6) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/123 of 24 January 2019 laying down detailed rules for the implementation of air traffic management (ATM) network functions and repealing Commission Regulation (EU) No 677/2011 (OJ L 28, 31.1.2019, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/123/oj). ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/1056/oj 3/8EN OJ L, 28.5.2025 (19) The en routecapacity targets proposed by Lithuania for RP4, expressed in minutes of ATFM delay per flight, and the corresponding reference values from the Network Operations Plan, are as follows: Lithuania 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Targets in the key performance area of capacity, expressed in 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,02 0,02 minutes of en routeATFM delay per flight Reference values 0,07 0,05 0,03 0,02 0,02 (20) The Commission observes that the capacity targets proposed by Lithuania are either equal to or lower than the corresponding national reference values for each calendar year of RP4. (21) The Commission notes that Lithuania has presented, in the draft performance plan, measures for the achievement of the local en routecapacity targets, including an upgrade of the air traffic management system, enhanced coordination between air traffic service units, contingency arrangements at regional level within the Baltic Functional Airspace Block and a moderate increase in the number of air traffic controllers in operations. (22) On the basis of the findings set out in recitals (19), (20) and (21), the targets in the key performance area of capacity included in the draft performance plan should be considered consistent with the Union-wide performance targets for RP4. Assessment of the cost-efficiency targets (23) As regards the key performance area of cost-efficiency, the consistency of the targets included in the draft performance plan regarding the determined unit cost (‘DUC’) for en route air navigation services has been assessed based on the criteria laid down in points 1.4(a), (b) and (c) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317. Those criteria consist of the DUC trend over RP4, the long-term DUC trend over RP3 and RP4 (2020-2029), and the baseline value for the DUC at charging zone level compared with the average value of the charging zones where air navigation service providers have a similar operational and economic environment. (24) The en routecost-efficiency targets proposed by Lithuania for RP4, and the related baseline values, are as follows: 2019 2024 En routecharging zone of baseline baseline 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Lithuania value value Targets and baseline values in the key performance area of cost-efficiency, EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR expressed as determined unit 46,48 54,97 55,57 54,16 53,04 53,18 51,69 cost (in real terms at 2022 prices) (25) Concerning the assessment criterion set out in point 1.4(a) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, the Commission observes that Lithuania’s DUC trend at charging zone level of - 1,2 % over RP4 is in line with the Union-wide trend of - 1,2 % over the same period. 4/8 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/1056/ojEN OJ L, 28.5.2025 (26) Concerning the assessment criterion set out in point 1.4(b) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, the Commission observes that Lithuania’s long-term DUC trend over RP3 and RP4 at charging zone level of +1.2 % underperforms the long-term Union-wide trend of - 1,0 % over the same period. (27) The Commission notes, however, that Lithuania has lost, as a consequence of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, a significant share of the overflights which it historically used to serve. That traffic reduction continues over RP4 to considerably impact the cost-efficiency performance the air navigation service provider and has, in particular, a negative effect on the long-term DUC trend of Lithuania. (28) It is therefore necessary to examine, for the purpose of the assessment criterion referred to in recital (26), whether Lithuania would meet the Union-wide long-term DUC trend in the absence of the circumstances referred to in recital (27). (29) To this end, the Commission has recalculated the long-term DUC trend in light of the estimated structural loss of traffic for Lithuania as a consequence of the war in Ukraine, measured in en route service units. That recalculation results in an adjusted long-term DUC trend for Lithuania of - 4,8 %, which outperforms the long-term Union-wide DUC trend of - 1,0 %. Therefore, it is concluded that Lithuania fulfils the assessment criterion referred to in recital (26) after taking into account the effect of the significant traffic reduction resulting from the war in Ukraine. (30) Concerning the assessment criterion set out in point 1.4(c) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, the Commission observes that Lithuania’s baseline value for the DUC of EUR 54,97 in real terms at 2022 prices (‘EUR2022’) is 5,9 % higher than the average baseline value of EUR 51,93 in EUR2022 of the relevant comparator group set out in Article 7 Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/1688. (31) When excluding the negative impact of the traffic changes resulting from Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, it is clear that Lithuania meets both the Union-wide DUC trend and the Union-wide long-term DUC trend. Therefore, the Commission considers that the limited deviation from the average 2024 baseline DUC of its comparator group referred to in recital (30) does not preclude Lithuania’s cost-efficiency performance targets from being consistent with the Union-wide cost-efficiency performance targets. (32) On the basis of the findings set out in recitals (24) to (31), the targets in the key performance area of cost-efficiency included in the draft performance plan should be considered consistent with the Union-wide performance targets for RP4. CONCLUSIONS (33) In the light of the foregoing, the performance targets included in the draft performance plan of Lithuania should be considered consistent with the Union-wide performance targets for RP4, HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: Article 1 The performance targets included in the draft performance plan submitted by Lithuania for the fourth reference period (‘RP4’), listed in the Annex to this Decision, are consistent with the Union-wide performance targets for RP4 set out in Implementing Decision (EU) 2024/1688. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/1056/oj 5/8EN OJ L, 28.5.2025 Article 2 This Decision is addressed to the Republic of Lithuania. Done at Brussels, 19 May 2025. For the Commission Apostolos TZITZIKOSTAS Member of the Commission 6/8 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/1056/ojEN OJ L, 28.5.2025 ANNEX Performance targets included in the draft performance plan of Lithuania, found to be consistent with the Union-wide performance targets for the fourth reference period KEY PERFORMANCE AREA OF SAFETY Targets on the effectiveness of safety management, expressed as a level of implementation, Lithuania ranging from European Aviation Safety Agency (‘EASA’) level A to D Air navigation service Safety management objective 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 provider Safety policy and objectives C C C C C Safety risk management C C C C D Oro Navigacija Safety assurance C C C C C Safety promotion C C C C C Safety culture C C C C C KEY PERFORMANCE AREA OF ENVIRONMENT Lithuania 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Targets in the key performance area of environment,expressed as 13,13 % 13,12 % 13,11 % 13,10 % 13,09 % the average horizontal en route flight efficiency of the actual trajectory KEY PERFORMANCE AREA OF CAPACITY Lithuania 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Targets in the key performance area of capacity, expressed in minutes 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,02 0,02 of en routeATFM delay per flight ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/1056/oj 7/8EN OJ L, 28.5.2025 KEY PERFORMANCE AREA OF COST-EFFICIENCY 2019 2024 En routecharging zone of baseline baseline 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Lithuania value value Targets and baseline values in the key performance area EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR EUR of cost-efficiency,expressed 46,48 54,97 55,57 54,16 53,04 53,18 51,69 as determined unit cost (in real terms at 2022 prices) 8/8 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/1056/oj

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