Date: 2025-05-28Category: Not ApplicableState: Union GovernmentCountry: Europe
Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/1046 of 26 May 2025 recognising that the report submitted by Sweden under Article 31(2) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council contains accurate data for the purposes of measuring the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the cultivation of barley, faba bean, rapeseed, rye, triticale, wheat and yellow pea in that Member State
## Policy Analysis Report: Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/1046
**1. Executive Summary:**
This report analyzes Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/1046 of 26 May 2025. This decision recognizes the accuracy of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data for the cultivation of specific crops (barley, faba bean, rapeseed, rye, triticale, wheat, and yellow pea) in Sweden, as reported under Article 31(2) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001. The core purpose is to allow the use of Sweden's typical values for GHG emissions from these crops in calculating emission savings for biofuels, bioliquids, and biomass fuels under the Renewable Energy Directive. The report finds that the decision acknowledges Sweden's data, enabling its use for demonstrating compliance with emission savings thresholds for renewable energy sources. This decision will cease to apply on 17 June 2030.
**2. Introduction:**
This report provides an informative overview of Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/1046, based solely on the provided policy text. The analysis focuses on the policy's objectives, key provisions, affected stakeholders, and potential impacts, as discernible from the text itself.
**3. Policy Overview:**
* This is a *new* policy decision.
* **Core Objective(s):** The core objective is to recognize the accuracy of Sweden's reported data on GHG emissions associated with the cultivation of barley, faba bean, rapeseed, rye, triticale, wheat, and yellow pea. This recognition enables the use of this data for calculating the greenhouse gas emission savings from the use of biofuels, bioliquids, and biomass fuels, facilitating compliance with the emission savings targets set in Directive (EU) 2018/2001.
**4. Background and Rationale:**
This policy addresses the need for accurate GHG emission data to evaluate the sustainability of biofuels, bioliquids, and biomass fuels. Directive (EU) 2018/2001 requires these fuels to achieve significant GHG emission savings compared to fossil fuels. Member States can report typical values for GHG emissions from agricultural raw materials, which can be used instead of default values if the Commission recognizes them as accurate. This decision likely responds to Sweden's efforts to provide more accurate, region-specific data on GHG emissions from crop cultivation, potentially reflecting improved agricultural practices or regional variations in emissions.
**5. Key Provisions / Changes:**
As a new policy decision, the key provisions of Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/1046 are:
* **Recognition of Data Accuracy:** Article 1 explicitly states that the report submitted by Sweden on 23 January 2025 contains accurate data for measuring GHG emissions associated with the cultivation of specified crops within NUTS 2 regions in Sweden. The Annex to the decision summarizes the reports data.
* **Obligation to Notify Changes:** Article 2 mandates that Sweden must immediately notify the Commission of any changes to the data that might affect its accuracy and thus the basis for the decision. The Commission will then assess these changes to determine if the data remains accurate.
* **Entry into Force and Expiry:** Article 3 stipulates that the decision entered into force on the twentieth day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union and will cease to apply on 17 June 2030.
The tables provided in the annex detail the greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of barley, faba bean, rapeseed, rye, triticale, wheat and yellow pea in Sweden for NUTS2 regions in kg CO2 eq/tonne harvested on dry matter basis. Emission sources include: Soil N2O, direct and indirect emissions, fertilizer production and transport, fuel use, seed production and pesticide emissions.
**6. Target Audience and Stakeholders:**
The primary target audience and stakeholders are:
* **Biofuel, Bioliquid, and Biomass Fuel Producers and Suppliers:** These entities can now utilize Sweden's recognized data to demonstrate compliance with the GHG emission savings criteria outlined in Directive (EU) 2018/2001 when using raw materials produced in Sweden.
* **Swedish Agricultural Sector:** Farmers and agricultural organizations in Sweden are indirectly affected as the policy acknowledges and potentially incentivizes sustainable agricultural practices.
* **The European Commission:** The Commission is responsible for assessing the accuracy of the data and monitoring any changes reported by Sweden.
* **Member States:** Other member states looking to develop their own reporting and potentially be used in the biofuel industry.
**7. Implementation Aspects (Inferred):**
* **Responsible Agency/Bodies:** The European Commission is the primary responsible body. Sweden's government is responsible for notifying any data changes to the Commission.
* **Timelines:** The decision is effective from the twentieth day following publication (28 May 2025, therefore effective 17 June 2025) and ceases to apply on 17 June 2030.
* **Procedures:** Sweden must continuously monitor its data and notify the Commission of any changes that might affect the accuracy of the recognized data. The Commission will then assess these changes.
**8. Expected Outcomes / Impact of Changes:**
The expected outcomes and impacts of this decision are:
* **Facilitated Compliance:** Biofuel, bioliquid, and biomass fuel producers using Swedish crops can more easily demonstrate compliance with the emission savings thresholds under Directive (EU) 2018/2001 by using the recognized data.
* **Incentive for Sustainable Agriculture:** The recognition may incentivize Swedish farmers to maintain or improve sustainable agricultural practices to ensure their data remains accurate and continues to be recognized by the Commission.
* **Reduced Administrative Burden:** The use of typical values can reduce the need for individual calculations of GHG emissions, streamlining the compliance process.
* **Promotion of Renewable Energy:** By facilitating the use of sustainably produced biofuels, bioliquids, and biomass fuels, the decision contributes to the overall objectives of promoting renewable energy sources within the EU.
**9. Conclusion:**
Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/1046 is a significant step in promoting the use of accurate and region-specific data for assessing the sustainability of biofuels, bioliquids, and biomass fuels. By recognizing Sweden's data on GHG emissions from crop cultivation, the decision facilitates compliance with the Renewable Energy Directive and incentivizes sustainable agricultural practices. The decision's effectiveness is contingent on Sweden's continued monitoring and reporting of any changes to the data, ensuring its ongoing accuracy. The implementation of this decision will facilitate the transition to renewable energy sources by validating the use of biofuels, bioliquids, and biomass fuels in the European Union.
Key Entities Referenced
European Union: A political and economic union of member states located primarily in Europe.
L series 2025/046: Reference to the Official Journal of the European Union, L series, year 2025, issue number 046.
28.5.2025: Date of the Official Journal of the European Union, L series 2025/046.
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION (EU) 2025/1046: EU Commission Implementing Decision with the identifier 2025/1046.
26 May 2025: Date of the Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2025/1046.
Sweden: A Member State that submitted a report to the Commission.
Article 31(2) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001: Article within Directive (EU) 2018/2001 related to report submission by Sweden.
Directive (EU) 2018/2001: Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources.
European Parliament: One of the legislative branches of the European Union.
Council: Refers to the Council of the European Union, another legislative branch.
barley, faba bean, rapeseed, rye, triticale, wheat and yellow pea: List of crops which greenhouse gas emissions associated with the cultivation are measured.
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union: Foundational treaty for the European Union.
Article 31(4) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001: Article within Directive (EU) 2018/2001 related to data accuracy.
Article 29(10) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001: Article within Directive (EU) 2018/2001 sets specific emission savings thresholds for biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels.
Annexes V and VI to Directive EU 2018/2001: Annexes to Directive EU 2018/2001 that set out default values.
23 January 2025: Date on which Sweden submitted the final report to the Commission.
Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003: Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS).
NUTS 2: Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, level 2, a regional classification system used in the European Union.
Committee on the Sustainability of Biofuels, Bioliquids and Biomass Fuels: Committee that provided the opinion in accordance to which the measures were provided for in the decision.
Official Journal of the European Union: The official gazette of record for the European Union (EU).
17 June 2030: Date on which the decision will cease to apply.
Brussels: City where the decision was made.
Ursula VON DER LEYEN: The President of the European Commission.
SE11 Stockholm: NUTS2 region in Sweden. Stockholm
SE12 stra Mellansverige: NUTS2 region in Sweden. stra Mellansverige
SE21 Smland med arna: NUTS2 region in Sweden. Smland med arna
SE22 Sydsverige: NUTS2 region in Sweden. Sydsverige
SE23 Vstsverige: NUTS2 region in Sweden. Vstsverige
SE31 Norra Mellansverige: NUTS2 region in Sweden. Norra Mellansverige
SE32 Mellersta Norrland: NUTS2 region in Sweden. Mellersta Norrland
SE33 vre Norrland: NUTS2 region in Sweden. vre Norrland
Official Journal EN
of the European Union L series
2025/1046 28.5.2025
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION(EU) 2025/1046
of 26 May 2025
recognising that the report submitted by Sweden under Article 31(2) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of
the European Parliament and of the Council contains accurate data for the purposes of measuring the
greenhouse gas emissions associated with the cultivation of barley, faba bean, rapeseed, rye, triticale,
wheat and yellow pea in that Member State
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the
promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources(1), and in particular Article 31(4) thereof,
Whereas:
(1) Directive (EU) 2018/2001 requires biofuels, bioliquids, and biomass fuels to save significant greenhouse gas
emissions compared to fossil fuels so that they can be counted towards the targets set in that Directive. For that
purpose, Article 29(10) of that Directive sets specific emission savings thresholds for those fuels, and Article 31
regulates how to calculate the greenhouse gas emission savings from their use. When making those calculations, it is
possible to use the default values set out in Annexes V and VI to Directive (EU) 2018/2001. Instead of the default
values of greenhouse gas emissions from the cultivation of agricultural raw materials, it is possible to use typical
values under some conditions. Those typical values, representing the average value in a specific area, may be
reported to the Commission by Member States or third countries. The typical values may only be used if the
Commission recognises them to be accurate.
(2) On 23 January 2025, the Sweden submitted to the Commission the final report with data for the purposes of
measuring the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the cultivation of barley, faba bean, rapeseed, rye, triticale,
wheat and yellow pea typically produced in areas on its territory classified as level 2 in the nomenclature of
territorial units for statistics (NUTS), in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament
and of the Council(2). The Kingdom of Sweden asked for the data to be recognised as accurate in accordance with
Article 31(4) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001.
(3) The Commission assessed the report and found that it contained accurate data for the purposes of measuring the
greenhouse gas emissions associated with the cultivation of barley, faba bean, rapeseed, rye, triticale, wheat and
yellow pea typically produced in NUTS 2 regions in Sweden.
(4) The measures provided for in this Decision are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee on the Sustainability
of Biofuels, Bioliquids and Biomass Fuels,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Article 1
The report submitted for recognition to the Commission by Sweden on 23 January 2025 contains accurate data for the
purposes of measuring the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the cultivation of barley, faba bean, rapeseed, rye,
triticale, wheat and yellow pea typically produced in NUTS 2 regions in Sweden. The summary of the report’s data is set
out in the Annex.
(1) OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 82, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2018/2001/oj.
(2) Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on the establishment of a common
classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS) (OJ L 154, 21.6.2003, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2003/1059/oj).
ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2025/1046/oj 1/6EN
OJ L, 28.5.2025
Article 2
If the data contained in the report, as submitted for recognition to the Commission on 23 January 2025, changes in a way
that might affect the accuracy of the data and thereby the basis for this Decision, Sweden shall notify the Commission of
such changes immediately. The Commission shall assess the notified changes to determine whether the report still
provides the accurate data for which it is recognised.
Article 3
This Decision shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the
European Union.
It shall cease to apply on 17 June 2030.
Done at Brussels, 26 May 2025.
For the Commission
The President
Ursula VON DER LEYEN
2/6 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2025/1046/ojANNEX
Greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of barley in Sweden for NUTS-2 regions (kg CO eq/tonne barley harvested on dry matter basis)
2
Soil N O Embedded Fuel use Seed Total
NUTS-2 region according to Regulation (EC) 2
No 1059/2003
Direct Indirect Fertilizer Neutralisation Pesticide
SE11 Stockholm 164 20 84 17 0(*) 50 14 349
SE12 Östra Mellansverige 174 18 79 7 0(*) 43 12 332
SE21 Småland med öarna 173 24 42 7 0(*) 38 12 296
SE22 Sydsverige 151 17 71 3 0(*) 28 9 277
SE23 Västsverige 175 22 73 11 0(*) 34 10 325
SE31 Norra Mellansverige 201 31 60 12 0(*) 47 15 367
SE32 Mellersta Norrland - - - - - - - -
SE33 Övre Norrland 262 45 43 8 0(*) 58 20 434
(*) Pesticide emissions are embedded in fertilizer emissions.
Greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of faba bean in Sweden for NUTS-2 regions (kg CO eq/tonne faba bean harvested on dry matter basis)
2
Soil N O Embedded Fuel use Seed Total
NUTS-2 region according to Regulation (EC) 2
No 1059/2003
Direct Indirect Fertilizer Neutralisation Pesticide
SE11 Stockholm - - - - - - - -
SE12 Östra Mellansverige 99 6 1 9 0(*) 49 21 184
SE21 Småland med öarna 158 21 11 4 0(*) 35 18 247
SE22 Sydsverige 91 8 7 4 0(*) 32 17 160
SE23 Västsverige 94 7 5 20 0 38 19 183
SE31 Norra Mellansverige 72 8 6 11 0(*) 48 23 168
SE32 Mellersta Norrland - - - - - - - -
SE33 Övre Norrland - - - - - - - -
(*) Pesticide emissions are embedded in fertilizer emissions.
ELI:
http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2025/1046/oj
3/6
OJ
L,
28.5.2025
ENGreenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of rapeseed in Sweden for NUTS-2 regions (kg CO eq/tonne rapeseed harvested on dry matter basis)
2
Soil N O Embedded Fuel use Seed Total
NUTS-2 region according to Regulation (EC) 2
No 1059/2003
Direct Indirect Fertilizer Neutralisation Pesticide
SE11 Stockholm 290 33 171 36 0(*) 58 1 588
SE12 Östra Mellansverige 295 38 147 14 0(*) 52 1 546
SE21 Småland med öarna 320 43 155 20 0(*) 41 1 580
SE22 Sydsverige 325 41 179 5 0(*) 40 1 590
SE23 Västsverige 335 42 192 39 0(*) 43 1 652
SE31 Norra Mellansverige - - - - - - - -
SE32 Mellersta Norrland - - - - - - - -
SE33 Övre Norrland - - - - - - - -
(*) Pesticide emissions are embedded in fertilizer emissions.
Greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of rye in Sweden for NUTS-2 regions (kg CO eq/tonne rye harvested on dry matter basis)
2
Soil N O Embedded Fuel use Seed Total
NUTS-2 region according to Regulation (EC) 2
No 1059/2003
Direct Indirect Fertilizer Neutralisation Pesticide
SE11 Stockholm 111 19 18 2 0(*) 38 8 197
SE12 Östra Mellansverige 107 14 49 1 0(*) 32 7 210
SE21 Småland med öarna 129 19 50 7 0(*) 30 8 242
SE22 Sydsverige 110 13 59 2 0(*) 24 6 214
SE23 Västsverige 132 18 67 15 0(*) 29 7 267
SE31 Norra Mellansverige 157 20 89 19 0(*) 34 8 328
SE32 Mellersta Norrland - - - - - - - -
SE33 Övre Norrland - - - - - - - -
(*) Pesticide emissions are embedded in fertilizer emissions.
4/6
ELI:
http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2025/1046/oj
EN
OJ
L,
28.5.2025Greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of triticale in Sweden for NUTS-2 regions (kg CO eq/tonne triticale harvested on dry matter basis)
2
Soil N O Embedded Fuel use Seed Total
NUTS-2 region according to Regulation (EC) 2
No 1059/2003
Direct Indirect Fertilizer Neutralisation Pesticide
SE11 Stockholm - - - - - - - -
SE12 Östra Mellansverige 156 21 76 2 0(*) 34 10 298
SE21 Småland med öarna 166 26 61 5 0(*) 31 10 299
SE22 Sydsverige 175 25 80 4 0(*) 28 10 322
SE23 Västsverige 150 22 63 10 0(*) 26 9 280
SE31 Norra Mellansverige - - - - - - - -
SE32 Mellersta Norrland - - - - - - - -
SE33 Övre Norrland - - - - - - - -
(*) Pesticide emissions are embedded in fertilizer emissions.
Greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of wheat in Sweden for NUTS-2 regions (kg CO eq/tonne wheat harvested on dry matter basis)
2
Soil N O Embedded Fuel use Seed Total
NUTS-2 region according to Regulation (EC) 2
No 1059/2003
Direct Indirect Fertilizer Neutralisation Pesticide
SE11 Stockholm 169 21 112 24 0(*) 33 10 368
SE12 Östra Mellansverige 150 19 92 9 0(*) 30 9 309
SE21 Småland med öarna 138 19 73 8 0(*) 26 9 272
SE22 Sydsverige 141 17 91 2 0(*) 22 7 281
SE23 Västsverige 166 22 105 22 0(*) 26 8 348
SE31 Norra Mellansverige 159 22 90 19 0(*) 31 10 330
SE32 Mellersta Norrland - - - - - - - -
SE33 Övre Norrland - - - - - - - -
(*) Pesticide emissions are embedded in fertilizer emissions.
ELI:
http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2025/1046/oj
5/6
OJ
L,
28.5.2025
ENGreenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of yellow pea in Sweden for NUTS-2 regions (kg CO eq/tonne yellow pea harvested on dry matter basis)
2
Soil N O Embedded Fuel use Seed Total
NUTS-2 region according to Regulation (EC) 2
No 1059/2003
Direct Indirect Fertilizer Neutralisation Pesticide
SE11 Stockholm 72 6 10 9 0(*) 52 23 172
SE12 Östra Mellansverige 101 7 3 8 0(*) 46 20 185
SE21 Småland med öarna 113 11 9 2 0(*) 31 17 182
SE22 Sydsverige 97 10 7 4 0(*) 30 16 165
SE23 Västsverige 102 9 6 20 0(*) 38 20 194
SE31 Norra Mellansverige 68 6 9 12 0(*) 53 27 174
SE32 Mellersta Norrland - - - - - - - -
SE33 Övre Norrland - - - - - - - -
(*) Pesticide emissions are embedded in fertilizer emissions.
6/6
ELI:
http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2025/1046/oj
EN
OJ
L,
28.5.2025