Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/111 of 23 January 2025 amending Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 as regards continuing airworthiness for electric- and hybrid-propulsion aircraft and other non-conventional aircraft

Official Journal EN of the European Union L series 2025/111 24.1.2025 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2025/111 of 23 January 2025 amending Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 as regards continuing airworthiness for electric- and hybrid-propulsion aircraft and other non-conventional aircraft (Text with EEA relevance) THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2018on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and amending Regulations (EC) No 2111/2005, (EC) No 1008/2008, (EU) No 996/2010, (EU) No 376/2014 and Directives 2014/30/EU and 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Regulations (EC) No 552/2004 and (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91(1), and in particular Article 17(1), point (b) and points (d) to (f), thereof, Whereas: (1) Commission Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014(2) lays down the requirements for the continuing airworthiness of aircraft, including the qualifications and licences of the personnel responsible for the release to service of products after maintenance. (2) Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 explicitly specifies the aircraft categories to which the requirements apply, namely aeroplane, helicopter or rotorcraft, sailplane, balloon and airship. There exist certain non-conventional aircraft, primarily emerging from recent industrial developments, referred to as new air mobility aircraft, which do not fit within any of the aforementioned aircraft categories. This creates legal uncertainty regarding the applicability of specific aspects of the current regulatory framework to these aircraft. In addition, existing alleviations covered by Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 applicable to aircraft of comparable safety risk should also be extended to non- conventional aircraft by analogy. (3) Similarly, there are regulatory gaps stemming from the fact that Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is sometimes prescriptive on the aircraft power plant, only considering piston and turbine engines as power plants for aeroplanes and helicopters. This is not in line with new industrial developments that consider other power plants, such as electrical engines or hybrid ones. It is also necessary to to cater for a smooth transition for the new rules so that they do not impede the introduction of small electrical aeroplanes, in particular in respect of their aircraft maintenance license. (4) In order to address those regulatory gaps, requirements should apply to any current or future aircraft developments and their power plants. (5) By considering all tilt-rotors as complex motor-powered aircraft, Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 was not commensurate for the simplest ones as stringent requirements applicable to any complex motor-powered aircraft was also applicable to the simplest tilt-rotors, for which less stringent requirements should apply by comparison with simple aircraft of other categories, namely aeroplanes and helicopters. Therefore the definition of complex motor-powered aircraft should therefore be amended (6) Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 should therefore be amended accordingly. (1) OJ L 212, 22.8.2018, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139/oj. (2) Commission Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 of 26 November 2014 on the continuing airworthiness of aircraft and aeronautical products, parts and appliances, and on the approval of organisations and personnel involved in these tasks (OJ L 362, 17.12.2014, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1321/oj). ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 1/40EN OJ L, 24.1.2025 (7) The amendments are based on Opinion No 04/2024(3) of the European Union Aviation Safety Agency in accordance with Article 75(2), point (b), and Article 76(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139. (8) The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the committee established by Article 127 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: Article 1 Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is amended as follows: (1) Article 2 is amended as follows: (a) the first sentence is replaced by the following: ‘For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:’; (b) point (u) is replaced by the following: ‘(u) “complex motor-powered aircraft” means: (i) an aeroplane: — with a maximum certified take-off mass exceeding 5 700kg, or — certified for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than 19, or — certified for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots, or — equipped with (a) turbojet engine(s) or more than one turboprop engine; or (ii) a helicopter certified: — for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3 175kg, or — for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine, or — for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots; or (iii) a non-conventional aircraft certified: — for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 5 700kg, or — for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3 175kg if it can maintain zero horizontal speed in flight, or — for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine.’; (c) the following points (v), (w), (x) and (y) are added: ‘(v) “aeroplane” means an engine-driven fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings; (w) “rotorcraft” means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft that depends principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by up to two rotors; (x) “helicopter” means a type of rotorcraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on up to two power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes; (3) Opinion 04/2024 of 19 June 2024 of the European Union Aviation Safety Agency, New air mobility – Continuing airworthiness rules for electric- and hybrid-propulsion aircraft and other non-conventional aircraft (Subtask 1). 2/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/ojEN OJ L, 24.1.2025 (y) “non-conventional aircraft” means an aircraft other than an aeroplane, helicopter, sailplane, balloon or airship.’; (2) in Article 3, paragraphs 2 and 3 are replaced by the following: ‘2. The requirements of Annex Vb (Part-ML) shall apply to the following other than complex motor-powered aircraft: (a) aeroplanes of 2 730kg maximum take-off mass or less; (b) helicopters of 1 200kg maximum take-off mass or less, certified for a maximum of up to four occupants;` (c) other ELA2 aircraft; (d) non-conventional aircraft with a maximum take-off mass of: (i) 1 200kg or less if they can maintain zero horizontal speed in flight; or (ii) 2 730kg or less for other than those in point (i). Where an aircraft referred to in the first subparagraph is listed in the air operator certificate of an air carrier licensed in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1008/2008, the requirements of Annex I (Part-M) to this Regulation shall apply. 3. In order to be listed in the air operator certificate of an air carrier licensed in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1008/2008, an aircraft referred to in paragraph 2, first subparagraph, shall comply with all of the following requirements: (a) its aircraft maintenance programme has been approved by the competent authority in accordance with point M.A.302 of Annex I (Part-M); (b) due maintenance required by the maintenance programme referred to in point (a) has been performed and certified in accordance with point 145.A.48 and 145.A.50 of Annex II (Part-145); (c) an airworthiness review has been performed and a new airworthiness review certificate has been issued in accordance with point M.A.901 of Annex I (Part-M).’; (3) in Article 5, the following paragraph 8 is added: ‘8. By way of derogation from points 66.A.3(1)(b) and 66.A.45(a) of Annex III (Part-66), until 13 February 2028, an aeroplane with electric power plant and MTOM below 5 700kg may be endorsed in a licence with subcategory B1.1 or B1.2 when: (a) the licence holder has at least 6 months of maintenance experience on aircraft covered by the licence (sub) category within the last 24 months; (b) the aeroplane being endorsed is not the first aeroplane endorsed for the relevant (sub)category; and (c) the licence holder has followed aircraft type training in accordance with Appendix III to Annex III (Part-66), followed the procedure for the direct approval of aircraft type training in point 66.B.130 of Annex III (Part-66) or followed the procedure described in point 66.A.45(da) of Annex III (Part-66)’; (4) Annex I (Part-M) is amended in accordance with Annex I to this Regulation; (5) Annex II (Part-145) is amended in accordance with Annex II to this Regulation; (6) Annex III (Part-66) is amended in accordance with Annex III to this Regulation; (7) Annex IV (Part-147) is amended in accordance with Annex IV to this Regulation; (8) Annex Vb (Part-ML) is amended in accordance with Annex V to this Regulation; (9) Annex Vd (Part-CAO) is amended in accordance with Annex VI to this Regulation. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 3/40EN OJ L, 24.1.2025 Article 2 This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. It shall apply from 13 February 2026. This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. Done at Brussels, 23 January 2025. For the Commission The President Ursula VON DER LEYEN 4/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/ojEN OJ L, 24.1.2025 ANNEX I In Appendix VII to Annex I (Part-M) to Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014, the following points 3a and 3b are inserted: ‘3a. The performance of maintenance on the power plant that would require disassembly of engine(s), main batteries or fuel cell(s), other than removing them from the aircraft and reinstalling them back (including removal/installation of engine bearings). 3b. The performance of maintenance on high-pressure reservoirs and components belonging to high-pressure lines/ systems related to the power plant.’. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 5/40ANNEX II Annex II (Part-145) to Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is amended as follows: (1) in point (h)(2) of point 145.A.30, point (ii) is replaced by the following: ‘(ii) appropriate aircraft-rated certifying staff, qualified in category C or L5, as applicable, and assisted by support staff, as set out in point 145.A.35(a)(1).’; (2) in Appendix II, points (l) and (m) are replaced by the following: ‘(l) Table CLASS RATING LIMITATION BASE LINE AIRCRAFT A1 [Shall state the aeroplane manufacturer or the group or [YES/NO](*) [YES/NO](*) Aeroplanes above 5 700kg maximum series or type and/or the maintenance tasks] take-off mass (MTOM) Example: Airbus A320 Series A2 [Shall state the aeroplane manufacturer or the group or [YES/NO](*) [YES/NO](*) Aeroplanes of series or type and/or the maintenance tasks] 5 700kg MTOM and below Example: DHC-6 Twin Otter Series State whether the issuing of airworthiness review certificates is authorised (only possible for aircraft covered by Annex Vb (Part-ML)) A3 [Shall state the helicopter manufacturer or the group or [YES/NO](*) [YES/NO](*) Helicopters series or type and/or the maintenance task(s)] Example: Robinson R44 State whether the issuing of airworthiness review certificates is authorised (only possible for aircraft covered by Annex Vb (Part-ML)) A4 [Shall state the aircraft category (sailplane, balloon, [YES/NO](*) [YES/NO](*) Aircraft other than A1, A2 and A3 airship, etc.) when applicable, the manufacturer or aircraft group or series or type and/or the maintenance task(s)] State whether the issuing of airworthiness review certificates is authorised (only possible for aircraft covered by Annex Vb (Part-ML)) ENGINES B1 [Shall state the engine series or type and/or the maintenance task(s)] Turbine Example: PT6A Series B2 [Shall state the engine manufacturer or group or series or type and/or the maintenance task(s)] Piston B3 [Shall state the engine manufacturer or series or type and/or the maintenance task(s)] APU B4 [Shall state the engine manufacturer or group or series or type and/or the maintenance task(s)] Engines other than B1, B2 and B3 6/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj EN OJ L, 24.1.2025CLASS RATING LIMITATION BASE LINE COMPONENTS OTHER C1 Air Cond & Press [Shall state the aircraft type or aircraft manufacturer or component manufacturer or the particular THAN COMPLETE component and/or cross-refer to a capability list in the exposition and/or the maintenance task(s)] ENGINES OR APUs Example: PT6A Fuel Control C2 Auto Flight C3 Comms and Nav C4 Doors – Hatches C5 Electrical Power & Lights C6 Equipment C7 Engine – APU C8 Flight Controls C9 Fuel C10 Rotorcraft – Rotors C11 Rotorcraft – Trans C12 Hydraulic Power C13 Indicating – recording system C14 Landing Gear C15 Oxygen C16 Propellers ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 7/40 OJ L, 24.1.2025 ENCLASS RATING LIMITATION BASE LINE C17 Pneumatic & Vacuum C18 Protection ice/rain/fire C19 Windows C20 Structural C21 Water ballast C22 Propulsion Augmentation C23 Other SPECIALISED SERVICES D1 Non-Destructive Testing [Shall state particular NDT method(s)] (*) – Delete as appropriate (m) A maintenance organisation which employs only one person to both plan and carry out all its maintenance activities can only hold limited terms of approval. The maximum permissible limits are as follows: CLASS RATING LIMITATION AIRCRAFT A2 AEROPLANES of 5 700KG MTOM OR LESS WITH PISTON ENGINE or ELECTRIC POWER PLANT WITH NO FUEL CELL AIRCRAFT A3 HELICOPTERS of 3 175KG MTOM OR LESS WITH SINGLE-PISTON ENGINE or ELECTRIC POWER PLANT WITH NO FUEL CELL AIRCRAFT A4 SAILPLANES, BALLOONS, AIRSHIPS AND ANY AIRCRAFT of 3 175KG MTOM OR LESS WITH SINGLE-PISTON ENGINE or ELECTRIC POWER PLANT WITH NO FUEL CELL ENGINES B2 LESS THAN 450 HP ENGINES B4 ELECTRIC ENGINE COMPONENTS OTHER THAN COMPLETE ENGINES OR C1 TO C23 AS PER CAPABILITY LIST APUs SPECIALISED SERVICES D1 NDT NDT METHOD(S) TO BE SPECIFIED It should be noted that such an organisation may be further limited by the competent authority in the terms of approval depending on the capabilities of the particular organisation.’. 8/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj EN OJ L, 24.1.2025ANNEX III Annex III (Part-66) to Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is amended as follows: (1) in point 66.1, point (b) is replaced by the following: ‘(b) The Agency shall be responsible for: 1. defining the list of aircraft types; 2. defining what airframe/engine (or powerplant) combinations are included in each particular aircraft type rating; 3. in respect of an aircraft that is not covered by any licence (sub)category in point 66.A.3, point (a), defining the applicable licence (sub)category(ies) that entitle(s) the holder of the licence to exercise the privileges of point 66.A.20 on that aircraft.’; (2) point 66.A.3 is replaced by the following: ‘66.A.3 Licence categories and subcategories (a) Aircraft maintenance licences include the following categories and, where applicable, subcategories and system ratings: (1) Category A: (i) Category A, is divided into the following subcategories: — A1 Aeroplanes Turbine, — A2 Aeroplanes Piston, — A3 Helicopters Turbine, — A4 Helicopters Piston. (ii) Subcategories A1 and A3 may also be used for aircraft not covered by any A subcategory. (2) Category B1, is divided into the following subcategories: — B1.1 Aeroplanes Turbine, — B1.2 Aeroplanes Piston, — B1.E Aeroplanes with electric power plant and MTOM below 5 700kg, — B1.3 Helicopters Turbine, — B1.4 Helicopters Piston. (3) Category B2 The B2 licence is applicable to all aircraft. (4) Category B2L ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 9/40 OJ L, 24.1.2025 ENThe B2L licence is applicable to all aircraft other than those in Group 1 as set out in Point 66.A.5(1) and is divided into the following “system ratings”: — communication/navigation (com/nav), — instruments, — autoflight, — surveillance, — airframe systems. A B2L licence shall contain, as a minimum, one system rating. (5) Category B3 The B3 licence is applicable to piston-engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000kg MTOM and below. (6) Category L, divided into the following subcategories: — L1C: composite sailplanes, — L1: sailplanes, — L2C: composite powered sailplanes and composite ELA1 aeroplanes, — L2: powered sailplanes and ELA1 aeroplanes, — L3H: hot-air balloons, — L3G: gas balloons, — L4H: hot-air airships, — L4G: ELA2 gas airships, — L5: gas airships other than ELA2. (7) Category C The C licence is applicable to aeroplanes and helicopters. (8) When an aircraft can be considered as included in more than one of the above (sub)categories, the Agency, based on the aircraft characteristics, shall establish the (sub)category(ies) of the licence applicable for the aircraft in its type certificate data sheet. 10/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj EN OJ L, 24.1.2025(b) Additionally, for aircraft and combinations of aircraft and power plant not referred to in point (a), the applicable licence (sub)category(ies) shall be the one(s) identified by the Agency. The Agency shall identify such licence (sub)category(ies) in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, taking into consideration a report from the applicant for, or holder of, the aircraft type certificate which assesses the architecture and systems of the aircraft (and power plant) against the syllabus of the basic knowledge modules and knowledge levels, as relevant to the designated licence (sub)category, and the privileges established in 66.A.20.’; (3) in point 66.A.5, points (1) and (2) are replaced by the following: ‘(1) Group 1 is composed of: (i) aeroplanes certified for a MTOM exceeding 5 700 kg; aeroplanes certified for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than 19; aeroplanes certified for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots; aeroplanes equipped with (one) turbojet engine(s) or more than one turboprop engine; aeroplanes with maximum certified operating altitude exceeding FL290 powered with a power plant other than piston; aeroplanes with a power plant not being piston, turbine or electric; (ii) helicopters certified for a MTOM exceeding 3 175kg; helicopters certified for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine; helicopters certified for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots; helicopters equipped with multiple engines; helicopters equipped with a power plant not being piston, turbine or electric; (iii) gas airships other than ELA2; (iv) non-conventional aircraft; and (v) aircraft equipped with fly-by-wire systems. Notwithstanding the first paragraph, the Agency may decide to classify into a subgroup of Group 2, Group 3 or Group 4, as appropriate, an aircraft which meets the conditions set out in the first paragraph, if it considers that the lower complexity of the particular aircraft justifies so. (2) Group 2: aircraft other than those in Group 1 belonging to the following subgroups: (i) subgroup 2a: single turboprop engine aeroplanes; (ii) subgroup 2b: single turbine engine helicopters; (iii) subgroup 2c: single piston engine helicopters; (iv) subgroup 2E: aeroplanes with electric power plant.’; (4) in point 66.A.20(a), the following point 8 is added: ‘8. In addition, the privileges in point 1 to 7 are also extended to aircraft referred to in point (b) of point 66.A.3 for the corresponding licence (sub)category(ies) identified as applicable in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 of these aircraft.’; (5) point 66.A.30 is amended as follows: (a) point (a) is amended as follows: (i) in point 1, the first sentence is replaced by the following: ‘1. for category A, subcategories B1.2, B1.E and B1.4 and category B3:’; (ii) point 3 is amended as follows: — point (ii) is replaced by the following: ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 11/40 OJ L, 24.1.2025 EN‘(ii) 5 years of experience in exercising category B1.2, B1.E, B1.4 or L5 privileges as support staff, or both support staff and certifying staff, in accordance with point 145.A.35 of Annex II (Part-145), at a maintenance organisation working on CMPA, including 12 months of experience as base maintenance support staff; or’, — in point (iv), point (a) is replaced by the following: ‘(a) 2 years of experience in exercising category B1.1, B1.2, B1.E, B1.3, B1.4, B2 or L5 privileges as support staff, or both support staff and certifying staff, in accordance with point 145.A.35 of Annex II (Part-145), at a maintenance organisation working on CMPA, including 6 months of experience as base maintenance support staff; or’; (b) the following point (da) is inserted: ‘(da) Notwithstanding points (a), (b) and (d), practical maintenance experience and recent maintenance experience gained in aircraft referred to in point (b) of point 66.A.3 shall account for a maximum of 50 % of the practical maintenance experience and recent maintenance experience required in points (a), (b) or (d) in respect of the licence (sub)category(ies) on which these aircraft can be endorsed.’; (6) point 66.A.45 is amended as follows: (a) point (c) is replaced by the following: ‘(c) For other than category C licences, in addition to the requirements of point (b), the endorsement of the first aircraft type rating within a given category/subcategory requires satisfactory completion of the corresponding on-the-job training. This on-the-job training shall comply with Appendix III to Annex III (Part-66), except in the case of gas airships, where it shall be directly approved by the competent authority. The on-the-job training on an aircraft referred to in point (b) of point 66.A.3 may only be considered for the purpose of endorsement of the licence as the first aircraft type rating within a given (sub)category, as described in the previous paragraph, when so established in the aircraft operational suitability data. Otherwise, an aircraft referred to in point (b) of point 66.A.3 may be endorsed as a first aircraft type rating within a given (sub)category after satisfactory completion of the corresponding on-the-job training, but in such case, additional on-the-job training will be required for the endorsement on the licence within that (sub)category of the first aircraft type rating belonging to the categories referred in point (a) of point 66.A.3.’; (b) the following point (da) is inserted: ‘(da) By derogation from points (b) and (d) and only during the first 30 months after a new aircraft type has received its type certificate, an AML may be endorsed with the corresponding aircraft type rating for a given (sub)category based on complete training delivered by the manufacturer, including the on-site practical training element, under the condition that the aircraft type rating is not the first aircraft endorsed for that (sub)category. Such training shall be carried out at a level and duration that meet the same objectives as those of points 5 (a), (b) and (c) of Appendix III, and shall cover relevant maintenance data at the required knowledge level and scope for the AML (sub)category. A responsible person of the aircraft manufacturer shall issue a final report declaring fulfilment of the requirements of this point 66.A.45(da).’; 12/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj EN OJ L, 24.1.2025(7) in Appendix I, point 2 is amended as follows: (a) the first table is replaced by the following: B1.1 B1.2 B1.E B1.3 B1.4 B3 A1 A2 A3 A4 Aeroplanes ‘Subject module with electric Piston-engine non- B2 B2L C Turbine Piston power plant Turbine Piston pressurised engine engine and MTOM engine engine aeroplanes below MTOM ≤ 2 t 5 700kg 1. MATHEMATICS X X X X X X X X X 2. PHYSICS X X X X X X X X X 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS X X X X X X X X X X X X X 4. ELECTRONICS FUNDAMENTALS (n/a for A1) (n/a for X (n/a for X X X X (n/a for A3) A2) A4) 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES/ELECTRONIC X X X X X X X X X INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS 6. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE X X X X X X X X X 7. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES X X X X X X X X X 8. BASIC AERODYNAMICS X X X X X X X X X 9. HUMAN FACTORS X X X X X X X X X 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION X X X X X X X X X 11. AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, 11, 15 & 17 X X X n/a n/a X n/a n/a STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS as B1.1 or 12. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS, n/a n/a n/a X X n/a n/a n/a 11, 16 & 17 STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS as B1.2 13. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS, or n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a X X STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS 11, 17 & 18 as B1.E 14. PROPULSION n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a X X or 15. GAS TURBINE ENGINE X n/a n/a X n/a n/a n/a n/a 12 & 15 as B1.3 16. PISTON ENGINE n/a X n/a n/a X X n/a n/a or 17. PROPELLER X X X n/a n/a X n/a n/a 12 & 16 as B1.4 or 18. ELECTRIC POWER PLANT n/a n/a X n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 13 & 14 as B2’ ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 13/40 OJ L, 24.1.2025 EN(b) in the table corresponding to Module 7, row 7.4 is replaced by the following: ‘7.4 Potential safety hazards when working with electrical systems and protective equipment 3 3 3’ (c) the table corresponding to Module 11 is amended as follows: (i) the title row is replaced by the following: LEVEL ‘MODULE 11. AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS A1 A2 B1.1 B1.2 / B3’ B1.E (ii) the rows for submodule 11.8 are replaced by the following: ‘11.8 Fire protection (ATA 26) (a) Fire and smoke detection system and fire-extinguishing systems; 1 1 3 3 — (b) Portable fire extinguisher. 1 1 1 1 1’ (iii) the rows for submodule 11.10 are replaced by the following: ‘11.10 Fuel systems (ATA 28, ATA 47) (a) Systems layout; 1 1 3 3/- 1 (b) Fuel handling; 1 1 3 3/- 1 (c) Indication and warnings; 1 1 3 3/- 1 (d) Special systems; 1 — 3 — — (e) Balancing. 1 — 3 — —’ 14/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj EN OJ L, 24.1.2025(d) in the table corresponding to Module 14, the rows for submodule 14.1 are replaced by the following: ‘14.1 Engines (a) Turbine engines; 1 (b) Auxiliary power units (APUs); 1 (c) Piston engines; 1 (d) Electric and hybrid power plants and auxiliar systems; 2 (e) Engine control. 2’ (e) in the table corresponding to Module 17, the title row is replaced by the following: LEVEL A1 B1.1 ‘MODULE 17. PROPELLER A2 B1.2 B1.E B3’ (f) the following table corresponding to Module 18 is added: ‘MODULE 18. ELECTRIC POWER PLANT LEVEL MODULE 18. ELECTRIC POWER PLANT B1.E 18.1 Fundamentals 3 18.2 Engine performance 3 18.3 Engine construction 3 18.4 Electric energy system 3 18.4.1 Batteries and accessories 3 18.4.2 Fuel cells and accessories 3 18.4.3 Power distribution systems 3 18.4.4 Electronic engine control 3 18.5 Engine indication systems 3 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 15/40 OJ L, 24.1.2025 ENLEVEL MODULE 18. ELECTRIC POWER PLANT B1.E 18.6 Power plant installation 3 18.7 Engine monitoring and ground operation 3 18.8 Engine storage and preservation 3’ (8) Appendix II is amended as follows: (a) point 2.11 is replaced as follows: ‘2.11. MODULE 11 AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS Category A1: 108 multiple-choice, no essay questions. Time allowed: 135 minutes. Category A2: 72 multiple-choice, no essay questions. Time allowed: 90 minutes. Category B1.1: 140 multiple-choice, no essay questions. Time allowed: 175 minutes. Category B1.2 and B1.E: 100 multiple-choice, no essay questions. Time allowed: 125 minutes. Category B3: 60 multiple-choice, no essay questions. Time allowed: 75 minutes.’; (b) the following point 2.18 is added: ‘2.18. MODULE 18 – ELECTRIC POWER PLANT Category B1.E: 76 multiple-choice, no essay questions. Time allowed: 95 minutes.’; (9) Appendix III is amended as follows: (a) point 3.1 is amended as follows: (i) point (c) is replaced by the following: ‘(c) Duration: The theoretical training minimum tuition hours are contained in the following table: Category Hours Aeroplanes(*)with a maximum take-off mass above 30 000 kg: 16/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj EN OJ L, 24.1.2025Category Hours B1.1 150 B1.2 120 B2 100 C 30 Aeroplanes(*)with a maximum take-off mass equal to or less than 30 000 kg and above 5 700 kg: B1.1 120 B1.2 100 B2 100 C 25 Aeroplanes(*)with a maximum take-off mass of 5 700 kg and below(**) B1.1 80 B1.2 60 B1.E 60 B2 60 C 15 Helicopters(*)(***) B1.3 120 B1.4 100 B2 100 C 25 Aeroplanes and helicopters not mentioned above and non-conventional aircraft B1, B2 and C OSD (*) Aeroplane with piston or turbine engine or electric power plant or helicopter with piston or turbine engine. (**) For non-pressurised aeroplanes below 2 000kg MTOM with piston-engine or electric power plant, the minimum duration can be reduced by 50 %. (***)For helicopters in Group 2 (as defined in point 66.A.5), the minimum duration can be reduced by 30 %. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 17/40 OJ L, 24.1.2025 ENIn the table above, “OSD” means as defined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, taking into consideration a report from the applicant for, or holder of, the aircraft type certificate that contains an assessment of the required theoretical elements of knowledge of the aircraft, considering the applicable licence (sub)category on which the aircraft type would be permitted for endorsement in accordance with point 66.A.3. For the purpose of the table above, a tuition hour means 60 minutes of teaching and excludes any breaks, examination, revision, preparation and aircraft visit. These hours apply only to theoretical courses for complete aircraft/ engine combinations according to the type rating as defined by the Agency.’; (ii) in point (e), the table is replaced by the following: ‘Level Aeroplanes with electric Aeroplanes turbine Aeroplanes piston Helicopter turbine Helicopter piston Avionics Chapters power plant Licence category B1.1 C B1.2 C B1.E C B1.3 C B1.4 C B2 Introduction module: 05 Time limits/maintenance 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 checks 06 Dimensions/areas 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (MTOM, etc.) 07 Lifting and Shoring 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 08 Levelling and weighing 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 09 Towing and taxiing 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 Parking/mooring, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 storing and return to Service 11 Placards and markings 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 Servicing 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20 Standard practices – only 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 type particular 18/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj EN OJ L, 24.1.2025‘Level Aeroplanes with electric Aeroplanes turbine Aeroplanes piston Helicopter turbine Helicopter piston Avionics Chapters power plant Helicopter 18 Vibration and noise — — — — — — 3 1 3 1 — analysis (blade tracking) 60 Standard practices rotor — — — — — — 3 1 3 1 — 62 Rotors — — — — — — 3 1 3 1 1 62A Rotors – monitoring and — — — — — — 3 1 3 1 3 indicating 63 Rotor drives — — — — — — 3 1 3 1 1 63A Rotor drives – — — — — — — 3 1 3 1 3 monitoring and indicating 64 Tail rotor — — — — — — 3 1 3 1 1 64A Tail rotor – monitoring — — — — — — 3 1 3 1 3 and indicating 65 Tail rotor drive — — — — — — 3 1 3 1 1 65A Tail rotor drive – — — — — — — 3 1 3 1 3 monitoring and indicating 66 Folding blades/pylon — — — — — — 3 1 3 1 — 67 Rotors flight control — — — — — — 3 1 3 1 — 53 Airframe structure — — — — — — 3 1 3 1 — (helicopter) 25 Emergency flotation — — — — — — 3 1 3 1 1 equipment ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 19/40 OJ L, 24.1.2025 EN‘Level Aeroplanes with electric Aeroplanes turbine Aeroplanes piston Helicopter turbine Helicopter piston Avionics Chapters power plant Airframe structures 51 Standard practices and 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 1 structures (damage classification, assessment and repair) 53 Fuselage 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 1 54 Nacelles/pylons 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 1 55 Stabilisers 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 1 56 Windows 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 1 57 Wings 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 1 52 Doors 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 1 Zonal and station 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 identification systems Airframe systems 21 Air conditioning 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 21A Air supply 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 21B Pressurisation 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 21C Safety and warning 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 devices 22 Autoflight 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 23 Communications 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 24 Electrical power 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 25 Equipment and 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 furnishings 25A Electronic equipment 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 including emergency equipment 20/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj EN OJ L, 24.1.2025‘Level Aeroplanes with electric Aeroplanes turbine Aeroplanes piston Helicopter turbine Helicopter piston Avionics Chapters power plant 26 Fire protection 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 27 Flight controls 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 27A Sys. operation: electrical/ 3 1 — — 3 1 3 1 — — 3 fly-by-wire 28 Fuel systems 3 1 3 1 — — 3 1 3 1 2 28A Fuel systems – 3 1 3 1 — — 3 1 3 1 3 monitoring and indicating 29 Hydraulic power 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 29A Hydraulic power – 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 monitoring and indicating 30 Ice and rain protection 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 31 Indicating/recording 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 systems 31A Instrument systems 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 32 Landing gear 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 32A Landing gear – 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 monitoring and indicating 33 Lights 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 34 Navigation 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 35 Oxygen 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 2 36 Pneumatic 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 36A Pneumatic – monitoring 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 and indicating 37 Vacuum 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 38 Water/waste 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 2 41 Water ballast 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 1 42 Integrated modular 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 avionics ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 21/40 OJ L, 24.1.2025 EN‘Level Aeroplanes with electric Aeroplanes turbine Aeroplanes piston Helicopter turbine Helicopter piston Avionics Chapters power plant 44 Cabin systems 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 45 On-board maintenance 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — 3 system (or covered in 31) 46 Information systems 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 47 Nitrogen generation 3 1 3 1 — — — — — — 2 system 50 Cargo and accessory 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 compartments 55/57 Flight control 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 1 surfaces (All) Turbine engine 70 Standard practices – 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 1 engines 70A Constructional 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 1 arrangement and operation (installation inlet, compressors, combustion section, turbine section, bearings and seals, lubrication systems) 70B Engine performance 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 1 71 Power plant 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 1 72 Engine turbine/turbo 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 1 prop/ducted fan/ unducted fan 73 Engine fuel and control 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 1 75 Air 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 1 76 Engine controls 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 1 22/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj EN OJ L, 24.1.2025‘Level Aeroplanes with electric Aeroplanes turbine Aeroplanes piston Helicopter turbine Helicopter piston Avionics Chapters power plant 78 Exhaust 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 1 79 Oil 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 1 80 Starting 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 1 82 Water injections 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 1 83 Accessory gear boxes 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 1 84 Propulsion 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 1 augmentation 73A FADEC 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 3 74 Ignition 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 3 77 Engine indicating 3 1 — — — — 3 1 — — 3 systems 49 Auxiliary power units 3 1 — — — — — — — — 2 (APUs) Piston engine 70 Standard practices – — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 1 engines 70A Constructional — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 1 arrangement and operation (installation, carburettors, fuel injection systems, induction, exhaust and cooling systems, supercharging/ turbocharging, lubrication systems) 70B Engine performance — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 1 71 Power plant — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 1 73 Engine fuel and control — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 1 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 23/40 OJ L, 24.1.2025 EN‘Level Aeroplanes with electric Aeroplanes turbine Aeroplanes piston Helicopter turbine Helicopter piston Avionics Chapters power plant 76 Engine control — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 1 79 Oil — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 1 80 Starting — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 1 81 Turbines — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 1 82 Water injections — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 1 83 Accessory gear boxes — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 1 84 Propulsion — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 1 augmentation 73A FADEC — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 3 74 Ignition — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 3 77 Engine indication — — 3 1 — — — — 3 1 3 systems Electric power plant Electric engines — — — — 3 1 — — — — 3 Fuel cell and related systems — — — — 3 1 — — — — 3 Batteries — — — — 3 1 — — — — 3 Auxiliary systems to the — — — — 3 1 — — — — 3 electric power plant Propellers 60A Standard practices – 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 1 propeller 61 Propellers/propulsion 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 1 61A Propeller construction 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — — 61B Propeller pitch control 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — — 24/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj EN OJ L, 24.1.2025‘Level Aeroplanes with electric Aeroplanes turbine Aeroplanes piston Helicopter turbine Helicopter piston Avionics Chapters power plant 61C Propeller synchronising 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 1 61D Propeller electronic 2 1 2 1 2 1 — — — — 3 control 61E Propeller ice protection 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — — 61F Propeller maintenance 3 1 3 1 3 1 — — — — 1 Special chapters for Definition of special chapters of the theoretical element of the aircraft type training is available in the OSD of the aircraft, established aeroplanes with a power in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. For these aircraft, EASA can also consider as “not required” some of the chapters plant other than piston/ contained in the above table. turbine/electric and other than piston/turbine helicopters Definition of special chapters of the theoretical element of the aircraft type training is available in the OSD of the aircraft, established Special chapters for non- in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. For these aircraft, EASA can also consider as “not required” some of the chapters conventional aircraft contained in the above table.’ (b) in point 3.2.(b), the table is amended as follows: (i) the level ‘Electric power plant’ with its related chapters is inserted between Chapter ‘84 Propulsion Augmentation’ of level ‘Piston Engines:’ and level ‘Propellers:’, as follows: B1/B2 B1 B2 ‘Chapters LOC FOT SGH R/I MEL TS FOT SGH R/I MEL TS […] Electric power plant Electric engines X/X X X X X X X — — X — Fuel cell and related systems X/X X X X X X X — — X — Batteries X/X X X X X X X — — X — ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 25/40 OJ L, 24.1.2025 ENB1/B2 B1 B2 ‘Chapters LOC FOT SGH R/I MEL TS FOT SGH R/I MEL TS Auxiliary systems to the electric X/X X X X X X X — X X X’ power plant […] (ii) the following chapters are added: B1/B2 B1 B2 ‘Chapters LOC FOT SGH R/I MEL TS FOT SGH R/I MEL TS […] Special chapters for aeroplanes For the relevant aircraft type, definition of special chapters of the theoretical element of the aircraft type training is available in with a power plant other than the OSD of the aircraft, established in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012. piston/turbine/electric and other than piston/turbine helicopters Special chapters for non- For the relevant aircraft type, definition of special chapters of the theoretical element of the aircraft type training is available in conventional aircraft the OSD of the aircraft, established in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012.’ (10) Appendix IV is replaced by the following: ‘Appendix IV Experience and basic knowledge modules or part modules required for extending a Part-66 aircraft maintenance licence A. Experience requirements Table A below shows the experience requirements, in months, for adding a new category or subcategory to an existing Part-66 licence. The experience requirements can be reduced by 50 % if the applicant has completed an approved Part-147 basic training course relevant to a particular subcategory. Table A To: A1 A2 A3 A4 B1.1 B1.2 B1.E B1.3 B1.4 B2 B2L B3 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 From: A1 — 6 6 6 24 6 6 24 12 24 12 6 12 12 12 12 24 A2 6 — 6 6 24 6 6 24 12 24 12 6 12 12 12 12 24 A3 6 6 — 6 24 12 12 24 6 24 12 12 12 12 12 12 24 A4 6 6 6 — 24 12 12 24 6 24 12 12 12 12 12 12 24 B1.1 — 6 6 6 — 6 6 6 6 12 12 6 6 6 12 12 12 26/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj EN OJ L, 24.1.2025To: A1 A2 A3 A4 B1.1 B1.2 B1.E B1.3 B1.4 B2 B2L B3 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 From: B1.2 6 — 6 6 24 — 6 24 6 24 12 — — — 12 12 12 B1.E 6 6 6 6 24 6 — 24 12 24 12 6 6 6 12 12 12 B1.3 6 6 — 6 6 6 6 — 6 12 12 6 6 6 12 12 12 B1.4 6 6 6 — 24 6 12 24 — 24 12 6 6 6 12 12 12 B2 6 6 6 6 12 12 12 12 12 — — 12 6 6 12 12 24 B2L 6 6 6 6 12 12 12 12 12 12 — 12 6 6 12 12 24 B3 6 — 6 6 24 6 12 24 12 24 12 — — — 12 12 12 L1 24 24 24 24 36 24 24 36 24 36 24 24 — 6(*) 12(*) 12(*) 24 L2 24 12 24 24 36 12 12 36 24 36 24 12 — — 12(*) 12(*) 24 L3 30 30 30 30 48 30 30 48 30 48 30 30 12(*) 12(*) — 6(*) 24 L4 30 30 30 30 48 30 30 48 30 48 30 30 12(*) 12(*) — — 24 L5 24 24 24 24 36 24 24 36 24 36 24 24 12(*) 12(*) 12(*) — — (*) Experience may be reduced by 50 % but allowing a licence with limitations in accordance with point 66.A.45(h)(ii)(3). B. Basic knowledge modules or part modules required The purpose of this table is to outline the examinations required to add a new basic (sub)category to an AML granted in accordance with this Annex. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 27/40 OJ L, 24.1.2025 ENThe syllabi prepared in accordance with Appendix I and Appendix VII require different levels of knowledge for different licence categories within a module; therefore, there are additional examinations applicable to certain modules for licence holders wishing to extend an AML granted in accordance with this Annex to include another (sub)category, and an analysis of the module shall be conducted to determine the subjects missing or passed at a lower level. Table B To: A1 A2 A3 A4 B1.1 B1.2 B1.E B1.3 B1.4 B2 B2L B3 L1C L1 L2C L2 L3H L3G L4H L4G L5 From: All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All except All except A1 None 16. 12. 12, 16. except except except except except except except All except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. 2L. 2L. 2, 8, 9. 2L. 2L. 2L. 2L. 2L. 2L. All All All All All All All All All All All All All All All except All except A2 11, 15. None 12, 15. 12. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except except except except except except except All except 9. 2L. 2L. 2, 8, 9. 2L. 2L. 2L. 2L. 2L. 2L. All All All All All All All All All All All All All All 11, 16, All except All except A3 11, 17. None 16. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except except except except except except except All except 9. 17. 2L. 2L. 2, 8, 9. 2L. 2L. 2L. 2L. 2L. 2L. All All All All All All All All All All All All All All 11, 15, All except All except A4 11, 17. 15. None except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except 9. except except except except except except except All except 9. 17. 2L. 2L. 2, 8, 9. 2L. 2L. 2L. 2L. 2L. 2L. 4, 5, 4, 5, 13, 8L2, 8L2, 8L2, 9L, 8L2, 10L, 8L2, 10L, 11L, B1.1 None 16. 12. 12, 16. None 16. 18. 12. 12, 16. 13SQ, 16. 12L. 12L. 9L. 10L. 14 12L. 12L. 11L, 12L. 11L, 12L. 12L. 14SQ 4, 5, 4, 5, 13, 8L1, 8L1, 8L1, 9L, 8L1, 10L, 8L1, 10L, 11L, B1.2 11, 15. None 12, 15. 12. 11, 15. None 18. 12, 15. 12. 13SQ. None 12L. 12L. 9L. 10L. 14 12L. 12L. 11L, 12L. 11L, 12L. 12L. 14SQ 4, 5, 4, 5, 13, 8L3, 8L3, 8L3, 9L, 8L3, 10L, 8L3, 10L, 11L, B1.E 11, 15. 114, 16 12, 15. 12, 16. 11, 15. 114, 16 None 12, 15. 12, 16. 13SQ, 114, 16. 12L. 12L. 9L. 10L. 14 12L. 12L. 11L, 12L. 11L, 12L. 12L. 14SQ 11, 17, 4, 5, 11, 16, 11, 16, 4, 5, 13, 11, 16, 7L, 8L2, 7L, 8L2, 8L2, 9L, 8L2, 10L, 8L2, 10L, 11L, B1.3 11, 17. None 16. 11, 17. 18. None 16. 13SQ, 7L, 12L. 7L, 12L. 9L. 10L. 17. 17. 14 17. 12L. 12L. 11L, 12L. 11L, 12L. 12L. 14SQ 4, 5, 11, 15, 11, 15, 11, 17, 4, 5, 13, 7L, 8L1, 7L, 8L1, 8L1, 9L, 8L1, 10L, 8L1, 10L, 11L, B1.4 11, 17. 15. None 11, 17. 15. None 13SQ, 11, 17. 7L, 12L. 7L, 12L. 9L. 10L. 17. 17. 18. 14 12L. 12L. 11L, 12L. 11L, 12L. 12L. 14SQ 28/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj EN OJ L, 24.1.2025To: A1 A2 A3 A4 B1.1 B1.2 B1.E B1.3 B1.4 B2 B2L B3 L1C L1 L2C L2 L3H L3G L4H L4G L5 From: 6, 7, [11 or 4L, 5L, 7, 11, 7, 11, 6, 7, 11, 6, 7, 11, 6, 7, 11, 6, 7, 12, 6, 7, 12, 6, 7, 11, 4L, 5L, 5L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 8L, 10L, 127], [15, 16 or B2 7, 12, 15. 7, 12, 16. None None 5L, 7L. 6L, 7L, 9L. 10L. 15, 17. 16, 17. 15, 17. 16, 17. 17, 18. 15. 16. 16, 17. 6L, 7L. 8L. 11L. 11L. 18], 17, 8L8, 8L. 10L, 11L 6, 7, [11 or 4L, 5L, 4L, 5L, 5L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 8L, 10L, 127], [15, 16 or 7, 11, 7, 11, 6, 7, 11, 6, 7, 11, 6, 7, 11, 6, 7, 12, 6, 7, 12, 13SQ, 6, 7, 11, 5L, 7L, 6L, 7L, B2L 7, 12, 15. 7, 12, 16. None 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L. 10L. 11L,12L- 11L, 18], 17, 8L8, 15, 17. 16, 17. 15, 17. 16, 17. 17, 18. 15. 16. 14SQ. 16, 17. 12LSQ. 8L, 12LSQ. 12LSQ. SQ. 12LSQ. 10L, 11L, 12LSQ. 12LSQ 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 5, 8, [11 or 2, 3, 5, 8, 2, 3, 5, 8, 2, 3, 5, 8, 2, 3, 5, 8, 2, 3, 5, 8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8L1, 8L1, 8L1,9L, 8L1,10L, B3 11, 15. 11 12, 15. 12. 8, 13SQ, None 12L. 12L. 9L. 10L. 12], 8L1, 10L, 11, 15. 11. 11, 18. 12, 15. 12. 8, 13, 14. 12L. 12L. 11L, 12L. 11L, 12L. 14SQ. 11L, 12L. To A1 A2 A3 A4 B1.1 B1.2 B1.E B1.3 B1.4 B2 B2L B3 L1C L1 L2C L2 L3H L3G L4H L4G L5 From All 4L, 8L, 9L, 8L, 10L, L1C All All All All All All All All All All All All None 4L, 6L. 8L. 9L. 10L. except 6L, 8L. 11L. 11L. 12L. All 8L, 9L, 8L, 10L, L1 All All All All All All All All All All All All None None 8L. 8L. 9L. 10L. except 11L. 11L. 12L. All 10L, except L2C All All All All All All All All All All All All None 4L, 6L. None 4L, 6L. 9L. 10L. 9L, 11L. 11L. 8L and 12L. All 10L, except L2 All All All All All All All All All All All All None None None None 9L. 10L. 9L, 11L. 11L. 8L and 12L. 4L, 5L, 4L, 5L, 8L, 10L, 5L, 7L, 5L, 7L, 8L, 11L, L3H All All All All All All All All All All All All 6L, 7L, 6L, 7L, None 10L. 11L, All. 12L. 8L, 12L. 12L. 12L. 8L, 12L. 12L. 4L, 5L, 4L, 5L, 8L, 9L, All 5L, 7L, 5L, 7L, 8L, 11L, L3G All All All All All All All All All All All All 6L, 7L, 6L, 7L, 9L. None 11L, except 12L. 8L, 12L. 12L. 12L. 8L, 12L. 12L. 10L. All 4L, 5L, 4L, 5L, except L4H All All All All All All All All All All All All 5L, 7L. 5L, 7L. None 10L. None 10L. 6L, 7L. 6L, 7L. 8L, 11L and 12L. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 29/40 OJ L, 24.1.2025 ENTo A1 A2 A3 A4 B1.1 B1.2 B1.E B1.3 B1.4 B2 B2L B3 L1C L1 L2C L2 L3H L3G L4H L4G L5 From All except 4L, 5L, 4L, 5L, L4G All All All All All All All All All All All All 5L, 7L. 5L, 7L. 9L. None 9L. None 8L, 10L, 6L, 7L. 6L, 7L. 11L and 12L. 4, 5, 4, 5, B1.1 None None 12. 12. None 166. 18. 12. 12, 166. 166. None None None None 9L. None 9L. None None 13. 13SQ. 4, 5, 4, 5, B1.2 11. None 12. 12. 11, 15. None 18. 12, 15. 12. None None None None None 9L. None 9L. None None 13. 13SQ. 114, 4, 5, 4, 5, 114, B1.E 11. None 12. 12. 11, 15. None 12, 15. 12, 166. None None None None 9L. None 9L. None None L510 166. 13. 13SQ. 166. 11, 11, 166, 11, 175, 4, 5, 4, 5, B1.3 11. 11. None None 11, 175. None 166. 166, 7L. 7L. 7L. 7L. 9L. None 9L. None None 175. 18. 13. 13SQ. 175. 11, 15, 11, 175, 4, 5, 4, 5, 11, B1.4 11. 11. None None 11, 175. 15. None 7L. 7L. 7L. 7L. 9L. None 9L. None None 175. 18. 13. 13SQ. 175. Note: “All” means all the relevant elements of the modules identified in point “2. Modularisation” of Appendix I or in point “1. Modularisation” of Appendix VII for the target (sub)category (i.e. the (sub)category mentioned in the row “To”). SQ = it depends on system qualification. 1: excluding the subjects related to piston engines and when “From: B1.2” or “From: B3” excluding also the subjects related to propeller. 2: excluding the subjects related to turbine engines and when “From: B1.1” excluding also the subjects related to propeller. 3: excluding the subjects related to electric engines and propeller. 4: submodule “11.10” only. 5: submodule “17.4” only. 6: submodule “16.12” only. 7: modules 12 and 18 cannot be chosen together. 8: only some applicable subjects of module 8L are required depending on the module [11 or 12] and [15, 16 or 18] chosen. 9: the (sub)module(s) identified in each cell shall be taught to the knowledge level identified in point “2. Modularisation” of Appendix I or in point “1. Modularisation” of Appendix VII corresponding to the target (sub)category (i.e. the (sub)category mentioned in the row “To”). 10: Use sub-row B1.x based on the B1 subcategory that provided access to the L5 licence (refer to point “1. Modularisation” of Appendix VII).’ 30/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj EN OJ L, 24.1.2025EN OJ L, 24.1.2025 (11) Appendix V, EASA Form 19, is amended as follows: (a) the first page of EASA Form 19 is replaced by the following: ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 31/40EN OJ L, 24.1.2025 (b) the identification of the form ‘EASA FORM 19 Issue 5’ is replaced by ‘EASA FORM 19 Issue 6’; (12) Appendix VI, EASA Form 26, is amended as follows: (a) in the first page ‘EASA FORM 26 Issue 6’ is replaced by ‘EASA FORM 26 Issue 7’; (b) Section IX. Part-66 CATEGORIES is replaced by the following: ‘IX. Part-66 CATEGORIES VALIDITY A B1 B2 B2L B3 L C Aeroplanes turbine n/a n/a n/a n/a Aeroplanes piston n/a n/a n/a n/a Aeroplanes with electric power plant n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Helicopters turbine n/a n/a n/a n/a Helicopters piston n/a n/a n/a n/a Avionics n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 32/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/ojEN OJ L, 24.1.2025 Complex motor-powered aircraft n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Aircraft other than complex motor-powered n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a aircraft Sailplanes, powered sailplanes, ELA1 aeroplanes, n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a balloons and airships Piston-engine non pressurised aeroplanes of n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a’ 2 000kg MTOM and below (c) the identification of the form ‘EASA Form 26 Issue 5’ is replaced by ‘EASA Form 26 Issue 7’; ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 33/40EN OJ L, 24.1.2025 ANNEX IV Annex IV (Part-147) to Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is amended as follows: (1) in the table in Appendix I, the following row is inserted between the row corresponding to subcategory B1.2 and the row corresponding to subcategory B1.3: ‘B1.E 2 000 50–60’ (2) Appendix II, EASA Form 11, is amended as follows: (a) the identification of the form ‘EASA Form 11 Issue 6’ is replaced by ‘EASA Form 11 Issue 7’; (b) the second page of the form is replaced by the following: 34/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/ojEN OJ L, 24.1.2025 (3) in point 2 of Appendix III, the second paragraph is replaced by the following: ‘The certificate shall indicate the airframe/engine (or power plant) combination for which the training was imparted.’. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 35/40EN OJ L, 24.1.2025 ANNEX V Annex Vb (Part-ML) to Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is amended as follows: (1) in point ML.1, point (a) is replaced by the following: ‘(a) In accordance with Article 3(2), this Annex (Part-ML) applies to the following other than complex motor-powered aircraft not listed in the air operator certificate of an air carrier licensed in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1008/2008: (1) aeroplanes of 2 730kg maximum take-off mass (MTOM) or less; (2) helicopters of 1 200kg MTOM or less, certified for a maximum of up to four occupants; (3) other ELA2 aircraft; (4) non-conventional aircraft with a MTOM of: (i) 1 200kg or less if they can maintain zero horizontal speed in flight; or (ii) 2 730kg or less for other than those in point (i).’; (2) point (d) of point ML.A.302 is amended as follows: (i) point (2)(f) is replaced by the following: ‘(f) in the case of aeroplanes, as applicable to the aircraft power plant: (i) operational tests for power and revolutions per minute (rpm), magnetos, fuel and oil pressure, engine temperatures; (ii) for engines equipped with automated engine control, the published run-up procedure; (iii) for dry-sump engines, engines with turbochargers and liquid-cooled engines, an operational test for signs of disturbed fluid circulation; (iv) in respect of a power plant other than piston engine, the maintenance tasks as defined in the ICA issued by the DAH of the aeroplane;’; (ii) the last paragraph is replaced by the following: ‘As long as this Annex does not specify an MIP for aircraft other than aeroplanes, sailplanes and balloons, their AMP shall be based on the ICA issued by the DAH, as referred to in point (c)(2)(b).’; (3) in Appendix III, the following points (ca) and (cb) are inserted: ‘(ca) the performance of maintenance on the power plant that would require disassembly of engine(s), main batteries or fuel cell(s), other than removing them from the aircraft and reinstalling them back (including removal/ installation of engine bearings); (cb) the performance of maintenance on high-pressure reservoirs and components belonging to high-pressure lines/ systems related to the power plant;’ 36/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/ojEN OJ L, 24.1.2025 ANNEX VI Annex Vd (Part-CAO) to Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is amended as follows: (1) point CAO.A.020(a) is amended as follows: (a) points (1), (2) and (3) are replaced by the following: ‘(1) For aeroplanes of more than 2 730 kg maximum take-off mass (MTOM) and for helicopters of more than 1 200 kg MTOM or certified for more than four occupants and for other aircraft which are not ELA2, the scope of work shall indicate the particular aircraft types. Changes to this scope of work shall be approved by the competent authority in accordance with point (a) of point CAO.A.105 and point (a) of point CAO.B.065. (2) For engines other than piston or electric, the scope of work shall indicate the engine manufacturer or group or series or type or the maintenance task(s). Changes to this scope of work shall be approved by the competent authority in accordance with point (a) of point CAO.A.105 and point (a) of point CAO.B.065. (3) A CAO which employs only one person for both planning and carrying out of all maintenance tasks cannot hold privileges for the maintenance of: (a) aeroplanes, helicopters and other aircraft which are not ELA2, if their power plant is other than electric or piston engine(s) (in the case of aircraft-rated organisations); (b) helicopters equipped with more than one piston engine (in the case of aircraft-rated organisations); (c) complete engines other than piston engines with output power below 450 HP or electric engines (in the case of engine-rated organisations).’; (b) in point (4), points (xxi) and (xxii) are replaced by the following: ‘(xxi) C21: water ballast; (xxii) C22: propulsion augmentation;’; (c) in point (4), the following point (xxiii) is added: ‘(xxiii) C23: other.’; (2) in point CAO.A.105, point (a) is replaced by the following: ‘(a) In order to enable the competent authority to determine continued compliance with this Annex, the CAO shall notify the competent authority of any proposal to carry out any of the following changes, before such changes take place: (1) changes affecting the information contained in the approval certificate laid down in Appendix I and the terms of approval of this Annex; (2) changes of the persons referred to in points CAO.A.035(a) and (b); (3) changes in the aircraft types covered by the scope of work referred to in point (a)(1) of point CAO.A.020 in the case of aeroplanes of more than 2 730 kg maximum take-off mass (MTOM), helicopters of more than 1 200kg MTOM or certified for more than four occupants and for any other aircraft which is not an ELA2; (4) changes in the scope of work referred to in point (a)(2) of CAO.A.020 in the case of engines other than piston or electric; (5) changes in the control procedure set out in point (b) of this point.’; (3) Appendix I is amended as follows: (a) point (c) is replaced by the following: ‘(c) An engine rating (turbine, piston, electric or other) means that the CAO may carry out maintenance on the uninstalled engine and engine components, in accordance with engine maintenance data or, if agreed by the competent authority, in accordance with component maintenance data, only whilst such components are fitted to the engine. Nevertheless, such engine-rated CAO may temporarily remove a component for ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 37/40EN OJ L, 24.1.2025 maintenance in order to improve access to that component except when such removal creates the need for additional maintenance not eligible for the requirements of point (c). An engine-rated CAO may also carry out maintenance on an installed engine during base and line maintenance subject to a control procedure in the CAE to be approved by the competent authority.’; (b) the identification of the form ‘EASA Form 3-CAO, Issue 1’ is replaced by ‘EASA Form 3-CAO, Issue 2’; (c) the second page of the form is replaced by the following: 38/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/ojEN OJ L, 24.1.2025 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj 39/40EN OJ L, 24.1.2025 40/40 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/111/oj