Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/1178 of 23 May 2025 on laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2024/1735 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the list of net-zero technology final products and their main specific components for the purposes of assessing the contribution to resilience

Official Journal EN of the European Union L series 2025/1178 18.6.2025 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION(EU) 2025/1178 of 23 May 2025 on laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2024/1735 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the list of net-zero technology final products and their main specific components for the purposes of assessing the contribution to resilience THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2024/1735(1) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe’s net-zero technology manufacturing ecosystem and amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1724, and in particular Article 29(2), first subparagraph, thereof,

Whereas:

(1) Regulation (EU) 2024/1735 establishes a common legal framework aimed at strengthening the Union’s resilience and security of supply of net-zero technologies, by promoting diversification of their supply chains and enhancing the domestic manufacturing capacity of net-zero technologies.

(2) In accordance with Articles 25, 26 and 28 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1735, where there is evidence of a significant dependency on third countries with regard to the Union’s supply of net-zero technologies, non-price criteria, such as the contribution to resilience, are to be applied in public procurement, renewable energy auctions or other forms of public intervention. For the purposes of assessing the contribution to resilience, the Commission is to adopt an implementing act providing a list of the net-zero technology final products and their main specific components. The list serves to assess the contribution to resilience.

(3) The Annex to Regulation (EU) 2024/1735 includes a list of net-zero technology final products and specific components primarily used for the production of net-zero technologies.

(4) The main specific components included in the list provided in the Annex to this Regulation should include only those specific components primarily used for the production of net-zero technologies that are essential to ensure the Union’s resilience, in line with the provisions on access to markets set out in Articles 25 to 28 of Regulation

(EU) 2024/1735.

(5) Specific components primarily used for the production of net-zero technologies should be considered as essential to ensure the effective implementation of the resilience contribution in public procurement, renewable energy auctions and other forms of public intervention if they contribute significantly to the final product’s value, or if they are critical in supporting the resilience of the overall supply chain.

(6) In order to give Member States sufficient time to prepare for the requirements relating to the resilience contribution, the application of this Regulation should be deferred.

(7) In accordance with Article 29(2), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2024/1735, the Commission is to provide updated information on the shares of the Union supply originating in different third countries for net-zero technologies and their main specific components.

(8) The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the committee established by Article 45(1) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1735,

(1) OJ L, 2024/1735, 28.6.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1735/oj.

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/1178/oj 1/11EN OJ L, 18.6.2025

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Article 1 The list of net-zero technology final products and their main specific components to assess the contribution to resilience is set out in the Annex.

Article 2 This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

It shall apply from 30 December 2025.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels, 23 May 2025.

For the Commission The President Ursula VON DER LEYEN 2/11 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/1178/ojEN OJ L, 18.6.2025 ANNEX List of net-zero technology final products and their main specific components for the purposes of assessing the contribution to resilience Sub-categories of net-zero Final products Main specific components technologies Solar technologies Photovoltaic (PV) — Solar PV systems — PV grade polysilicon technologies — PV grade silicon ingots or equivalent(1) — PV wafers or equivalent(1) — PV cells or equivalent(1) — Solar glass — PV modules — PV inverters — PV trackers and their specific mounting structures Solar thermal electric — Concentrated solar — CSP reflectors technologies power (CSP) plants — CSP trackers and their specific mounting structures — CSP receivers (point or line) Solar thermal technologies — Solar thermal systems — Solar thermal collectors (including flat-plate, evacuated tube, concentrating systems and air collectors) — Solar thermal absorbers — Solar glass — Solar thermal trackers and their specific mounting structures Other solar technologies — PV-thermal collectors (PVT) Onshore wind and Onshore wind technologies — Onshore wind — Nacelles (assembly) offshore renewable turbines — Rotor hubs technologies — Main, yaw and pitch bearings — Direct drive drivetrains (including generator) and/ or gearbox drivetrains (including generator) — Permanent magnets of wind turbines — Gearboxes of wind turbines — Blades — Towers

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/1178/oj 3/11EN OJ L, 18.6.2025 Sub-categories of net-zero Final products Main specific components technologies Offshore wind technologies — Offshore wind — Nacelles (assembly) turbines — Rotor hubs — Main, yaw and pitch bearings — Direct drive drivetrains (including generator) and/ or gearbox drivetrains (including generator) — Permanent magnets of wind turbines — Gearboxes of wind turbines — Blades — Towers — Foundations/floaters Other offshore renewable — Tidal stream energy technologies technologies — Wave energy technologies Battery and energy Battery technologies — Batteries(2) — Battery packs storage technologies — Battery modules — Battery cells — Cathode active materials — Anode active materials — Electrolytes — Separators — Current collectors (including thin copper, aluminium, nickel and carbon foils) — Battery management systems (BMS) — Battery thermal management systems

(BTMS) Electrochemical storage — Ultracapacitors/ — Electrolytes technologies supercapacitors — Separators — Redox flow energy — Collectors storage — Electrode plates Gravitational storage — Pumped hydro storage — Reversible hydro turbines technologies and pump runners — Distributors with guide vanes Thermal energy storage — Thermal energy — Sensible heat storage and technologies storage systems latent heat storage mediums (including phase change materials and molten salts) — Thermochemical storage materials 4/11 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/1178/ojEN OJ L, 18.6.2025 Sub-categories of net-zero Final products Main specific components technologies Compressed/liquefied gas — Compressed air energy energy storage technologies storage — Liquid air energy storage Other energy storage — Flywheel energy — Flywheel rotors technologies storage Heat pumps and Heat pump technologies — Heat pumps — Heat pumps geothermal energy — Four-way valves technologies — Scroll compressors/heat pump rotary compressors Geothermal energy — Geothermal power — Heat exchangers resistant to technologies plants geothermal corrosive — Geothermal direct use operating conditions systems — Submersible pumps resistant to geothermal corrosive operating conditions Hydrogen technologies Electrolysers — Alkaline — Stacks electrolysers (AEL) — Separators (diaphragm or membranes tailored for water electrolysis) — Bipolar plates and end plates — Electrodes — Proton exchange — Stacks membrane — Membrane electrode electrolysers (PEMEL) assemblies (3-layer)/ catalyst-coated membranes — Porous transport layers/gas diffusion layers — Bipolar plates and end plates — Anion exchange — Stacks membrane — Membrane electrode electrolysers (AEMEL) assemblies (3-layer)/ catalyst-coated membranes — Porous transport layers/gas diffusion layers — Bipolar plates and end plates — Solid-oxide — Stacks electrolysers (SOEL) — Electrolyte and electrodes — High-temperature gaskets/ sealings — Interconnectors/meshes and end plates

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/1178/oj 5/11EN OJ L, 18.6.2025 Sub-categories of net-zero Final products Main specific components technologies Hydrogen fuel cells — Proton exchange — Stacks membrane fuel cells — Membrane electrode

(PEMFC) assemblies (3-layer)/ catalyst-coated membranes — Porous transport layers/gas diffusion layers — Bipolar plates and end plates — Solid-oxide fuel cells — Stacks

(SOFC) — Electrolytes and electrodes — High-temperature gaskets/ sealants — Interconnectors/meshes and end plates Other hydrogen — Hydrogen — Hydrogen compressors technologies transmission and — Hydrogen refuelling distribution networks stations — Pipelines for hydrogen transmission and distribution — Hydrogen storage — Onboard hydrogen storage facilities tanks — Hydrogen stationary storage tanks — Plants for the — Ammonia crackers conversion and extraction of hydrogen into and from ammonia Sustainable biogas and Sustainable biogas — Sustainable biogas — Anaerobic digesters/ biomethane technologies plants fermentation tanks technologies Sustainable biomethane — Sustainable — Anaerobic digesters/ technologies biomethane plants fermentation tanks — Biomethane upgrading units CCS technologies Carbon capture technologies — Absorption capture — CO compressors 2 — Adsorption capture — Membranes capture — Solid cycles capture — Cryogenics capture — Direct air capture Carbon storage technologies 6/11 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/1178/ojEN OJ L, 18.6.2025 Sub-categories of net-zero Final products Main specific components technologies Electricity grid Electricity grid technologies — Onshore substations — Cables and lines for technologies — Offshore substations electricity transmission and distribution, and cables connecting net-zero technologies to the electricity grid (overhead lines, underground and undersea cables, including HVDC and HVAC) — Switchgears — Circuit breakers — Protection relays — Power transformers — Disconnectors — Busbar systems — Electric cabinets — Offshore substations — Inverters — Converters — Electricity — Electricity transmission and transmission and distribution towers distribution towers — Electrical conductors (including advanced conductors and high- temperature superconductors) — Insulators — Cables, lines and — Cables and lines for associated accessories electricity transmission for electricity and distribution, and cables transmission and connecting net-zero distribution, and technologies to the cables connecting net- electricity grid (overhead zero technologies to lines, underground and the electricity grid undersea cables, including (overhead lines, HVDC and HVAC) underground and — Electrical conductors undersea cables, (including advanced including HVDC and conductors and high- HVAC) temperature superconductors) — Insulators — Power transformers — Power transformers — Transformer cores — Transformer windings — Transformer tap changers Electric charging — Electric vehicle supply — Electric vehicle supply technologies for transport equipment equipment — Electric road — Shore-side electricity systems(3) supply equipment — Shore-side electricity — Electric air transport supply supply equipment equipment — Overhead contact lines — Electric air transport supply equipment

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/1178/oj 7/11EN OJ L, 18.6.2025 Sub-categories of net-zero Final products Main specific components technologies Technologies to digitalise the — High- and medium- — High- and medium-voltage grid and other electricity voltage power power electronics grid technologies electronics equipment equipment and and components components (including DC (including DC technology) technology) — Flexible alternating current — Flexible alternating transmission system current transmission (FACTS) technologies system (FACTS) — Smart meters/advanced technologies metering and control — Smart meters/ infrastructures advanced metering and control infrastructures Nuclear fission energy Nuclear fission energy — Nuclear fission power — Fuel elements technologies technologies plants — Reactor vessels — Primary piping and valves — Steam turbines — Steam generators — Safety systems — Monitoring, instrumentation and control systems Nuclear fuel cycle — Nuclear fuel cycles — Centrifuges technologies — Gas handling and flow control systems — Chemical processing equipment — Waste vitrification equipment — Transportation, storage and disposal cylinders, containers and casks — Heavy water — Safety systems — Monitoring, instrumentation and control systems Sustainable alternative Sustainable alternative fuels — Sustainable alternative — Thermochemical, fuels technologies technologies fuels plants electrochemical, chemical and biochemical/biological reactors to convert biomass, recycled carbon fuels into bio-intermediates and/or syngas — Reactors and post- treatment units to convert bio-intermediates and/or syngas and recycled carbon fuels into sustainable alternative fuels 8/11 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/1178/ojEN OJ L, 18.6.2025 Sub-categories of net-zero Final products Main specific components technologies Hydropower Hydropower technologies — Hydro turbine systems — Hydro turbine runners technologies — Distributors with guide vanes Other renewable Osmotic energy energy technologies technologies Ambient energy technologies, other than heat pumps Biomass technologies — Pellet mills — Pellet dies — Briquetting presses — Briquetting compaction chambers Landfill gas technologies Sewage treatment plant gas technologies Other renewable energy technologies Energy system-related Energy system-related — Energy management — EMS energy efficiency energy efficiency systems (EMS) — BAS technologies technologies — Building automation — ADR systems (BAS) — Variable speed drives — Automated demand — ORC turbines response (ADR) — Variable speed drives — Organic Rankine cycle

(ORC) power systems Heat and cold grid — Heating and cooling technologies distribution system pipework Other energy system-related energy efficiency technologies Renewable fuels of Renewable fuels of non- — RFNBO plants — Reactors to convert H and 2 non-biological origin biological origin (RFNBO) CO or N into syngas or 2 2 technologies alcohols — Reactors to convert syngas or alcohols into RFNBOs

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/1178/oj 9/11EN OJ L, 18.6.2025 Sub-categories of net-zero Final products Main specific components technologies Biotech climate and Biotech climate and energy — Microorganisms and — Microorganisms and energy solutions solutions microbial strains microbial strains (including but not (including but not limited to limited to bacteria, bacteria, yeasts, microalgae, yeasts, microalgae, fungi and archaea) that are fungi and archaea) that used to pretreat and convert are used to pretreat feedstock into biofuels, and convert feedstock recycled carbon fuels and into biofuels, recycled renewable fuels, bio-based carbon fuels and and recycled carbon renewable fuels, bio- chemicals, biopolymers, based and recycled bio-based materials and carbon chemicals, bio-based products biopolymers, bio- — Enzymes (including but not based materials and limited to amylase and bio-based products cellulase) that are used to — Enzymes (including pretreat and convert but not limited to feedstock into biofuels, bio- amylase and cellulase) based chemicals, bio-based that are used to materials and bio-based pretreat and convert products, or that are used to feedstock into catalyse reactions in biofuels, bio-based chemical processes chemicals, bio-based — Biopolymers materials and bio- based products, or that are used to catalyse reactions in chemical processes — Biopolymers Transformative Transformative industrial — Electric arc furnaces — Graphite or carbon industrial technologies technologies for — Hydrogen-ready electrodes for electric for decarbonisation decarbonisation direct-reduced iron furnaces reactors — Flash calciners — Submerged arc — Industrial electric boilers furnaces — Industrial induction — Open slag bath heaters/furnaces furnaces — Industrial induction coils — Flash calciners — Industrial infrared heaters/ — Industrial electric furnaces boilers — Industrial infrared emitters — Industrial induction — Industrial microwave heaters/furnaces(4) heaters/furnaces — Industrial infrared — Industrial magnetrons heaters/furnaces — Industrial radio-wave — Industrial microwave heaters/furnaces heaters/furnaces — Radio frequency generators — Industrial radio-wave — Industrial resistive heaters/ heaters/furnaces furnaces — Industrial resistive — Molybdenum electrodes for heaters/furnaces electric furnaces CO transport and CO transport technologies — CO transport — CO compressors 2 2 2 2 utilisation technologies infrastructure 10/11 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/1178/ojEN OJ L, 18.6.2025 Sub-categories of net-zero Final products Main specific components technologies CO utilisation technologies — Thermochemical — CO electrolysers 2 2 utilisation — Electrochemical utilisation Wind and electric Wind propulsion — Flettner rotors propulsion technologies — Suction wing sails technologies for — Towing kites transport — Rigid and semi-rigid wing sails Electric propulsion — Electric propulsion — Transport propulsion technologies systems for road and electric motors off-road transport — Permanent magnets of — Electric propulsion transport electric motors systems for rail — Transport battery packs transport — Transport fuel cells — Electric propulsion — Transport inverters systems for — Electric propulsion high waterborne transport voltage power distribution — Electric propulsion units systems for air — Onboard chargers transport — Onboard hydrogen storage tanks Other nuclear Other nuclear technologies technologies (such as nuclear fusion technologies)

(1) The term ‘equivalent’ refers to similar steps or key enabling technologies needed for thin-film, organic, tandem or other PV technologies.

(2) Batteries as defined in Article 3(13), (14) and (15) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2023 concerning batteries and waste batteries.

(3) The term ‘electric road systems’ (also known as dynamic charging) refers to equipment along the road that supplies power to vehicles while they are in motion. This final product includes both conductive and inductive charging.

(4) The term ‘heater’ refers to low (up to 200 oC) and medium (200 to 500 oC) temperature applications. The term ‘furnace’ refers to high (500 to 1 000 oC) and very high (above 1 000 oC) temperature applications.

ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2025/1178/oj 11/11