## Policy Analysis Report: Council Decision CFSP 2025/976 Appointing the European Union Special Representative for the Middle East Peace Process
**1. Executive Summary:**
This report analyzes Council Decision CFSP 2025/976, a new policy establishing the role of the European Union Special Representative (EUSR) for the Middle East Peace Process. The core purpose of this policy is to contribute to a just, lasting, and comprehensive peace based on a two-state solution. The key findings are that the policy defines the mandate, objectives, and responsibilities of the EUSR, allocates a budget for the role, and outlines implementation and reporting mechanisms. The policy demonstrates the EU's continued commitment to the Middle East Peace Process.
**2. Introduction:**
This report aims to provide an informative overview of Council Decision CFSP 2025/976 of 20 May 2025, which appoints the European Union Special Representative for the Middle East Peace Process. The analysis is based solely on the provided policy text.
**3. Policy Overview:**
This is a new policy establishing the position of an EUSR.
* **Core Objective(s):** Based on Article 2, the core objective is to achieve a just, lasting, and comprehensive peace in the Middle East, based on a two-state solution with Israel and a democratic, contiguous, viable, peaceful, and sovereign Palestinian State living side by side within secure and recognised borders. The policy prioritizes preserving the two-state solution and relaunching and supporting the peace process.
**4. Background and Rationale:**
This new policy addresses the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is described as a strategic priority for the EU (Whereas Clause 3). The policy is created because the previous EUSR's mandate expired on 1 June 2025 (Whereas Clause 2), indicating a need for continued EU engagement in the region. Given the complex regional situation (Whereas Clause 6), the appointment of an EUSR is intended to facilitate progress towards a peaceful resolution.
**5. Key Provisions / Changes:**
Since this is a new policy, the following details the main components, rules, and actions mandated:
* **Appointment of EUSR:** Mr. Christophe Bigot is appointed as the EUSR for the Middle East Peace Process from 2 June 2025 to 31 May 2026 (Article 1).
* **Mandate:** The EUSR's mandate includes (Article 3):
* Contributing to actions leading to a final settlement based on the two-state solution.
* Maintaining close contacts with parties involved, including Israel and the Palestinian Authority.
* Taking advantage of the evolving regional landscape, including the normalisation of relations between Israel and Arab countries.
* Supporting peace negotiations and putting forward proposals.
* Contributing to crisis management and early warning.
* Promoting a sustainable solution for the Day After in the Gaza Strip and supporting the Palestinian Authority's return to Gaza.
* Engaging the parties in refraining from unilateral actions threatening the viability of the two-State solution.
* Contributing to the implementation of the Unions human rights policy
* Engaging with representatives of civil society.
* **Policy Objectives:** The EUSR will work toward the two-state solution, guided by relevant UNSC resolutions, the Madrid principles, the Roadmap, prior agreements, the Arab Peace Initiative, and the recommendations of the Middle East Quartet (Article 2).
* **Implementation:** The EUSR operates under the authority of the High Representative (Article 4.1) and maintains a privileged link with the Political and Security Committee (PSC) (Article 4.2).
* **Financial Allocation:** A financial reference amount of EUR 1,368,570.22 is allocated to cover the expenditure related to the EUSR's mandate (Article 5).
* **Team Composition:** The EUSR is responsible for constituting a team with expertise on specific policy issues (Article 6).
* **Security:** The EUSR must take measures for the security of all personnel under the EUSR's authority (Article 10)
* **Reporting:** The EUSR must provide reports to the High Representative, the PSC, and Council working parties (Article 11).
**6. Target Audience and Stakeholders:**
The target audience and stakeholders include:
* The State of Israel and the Palestinian Authority.
* Regional actors and countries in the Middle East.
* The European Union (including the Council, the High Representative, the EEAS, and Member States).
* International organizations such as the UN, the League of Arab States, and the Gulf Cooperation Council.
* Civil society organizations and individuals involved in peace-building efforts.
* Industry sectors impacted by the political and security situation in the Middle East.
**7. Implementation Aspects (Inferred):**
* **Responsible agency/bodies:** The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the Political and Security Committee (PSC), the European External Action Service (EEAS), the Commission, and the EUSR are responsible for implementing the policy.
* **Timelines:** The EUSR's mandate is for 12 months, from 2 June 2025 to 31 May 2026 (Article 1). The EUSR must present a final comprehensive mandate implementation report by 28 February 2026 (Article 15).
* **Procedures:** The EUSR manages expenditures according to the Union's general budget procedures and rules (Article 5). The EUSR must develop a security plan based on guidance from the EEAS (Article 10).
**8. Expected Outcomes / Impact of Changes:**
The likely intended outcomes based on the policy's provisions are:
* Progress towards a two-state solution and a comprehensive peace agreement between Israel and Palestine.
* Improved stability and security in the Middle East region.
* Enhanced EU influence and visibility in the Middle East peace process.
* Effective coordination of EU actions and resources related to the peace process.
* Promotion of human rights, democracy, and the rule of law.
**9. Conclusion:**
Council Decision CFSP 2025/976 establishes the role of the European Union Special Representative for the Middle East Peace Process, defining the mandate, objectives, and responsibilities of the EUSR. It reflects the EU's continued commitment to achieving a just and lasting peace based on the two-state solution. The policy's success will depend on the EUSR's ability to effectively implement the mandate, coordinate with relevant stakeholders, and adapt to the evolving regional landscape.
Key Entities Referenced
European Union: A political and economic union of European countries, playing a central role in the described policy.
Council Decision CFSP 2025/976: The main subject of the document, a Council Decision regarding the appointment of the European Union Special Representative for the Middle East Peace Process.
20 May 2025: Date of the Council Decision CFSP 2025/976.
European Union Special Representative: A position held by an individual representing the EU in a specific area, in this case, the Middle East Peace Process. Referred to as EUSR.
Middle East Peace Process: The subject area for which the EUSR is appointed.
Treaty on European Union: The treaty that provides the legal basis for the decision.
Article 33: Article of the Treaty on European Union relevant to the decision.
Article 31(2): Article of the Treaty on European Union relevant to the decision.
High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy: The individual proposing the EUSR appointment. Referred to as the High Representative or HR.
25 November 1996: Date of the initial Council agreement to appoint an EUSR for the Middle East Peace Process.
Council Decision CFSP 2025/443: A previous Council Decision, specifically appointing Mr. Luigi DI MAIO as the EUSR for the Middle East Peace Process.
28 February 2025: Date of Council Decision CFSP 2025/443.
Luigi DI MAIO: The previous EUSR for the Middle East Peace Process.
1 June 2025: The expiration date of the previous EUSR's mandate.
IsraeliPalestinian conflict: A key conflict that the Union seeks to resolve.
two-state solution: The desired outcome of the IsraeliPalestinian conflict, involving two independent states.
Article 21 of the Treaty: Article of the Treaty on European Union outlining the objectives of the Union's external action.
Mr Christophe Bigot: The newly appointed European Union Special Representative EUSR for the Middle East Peace Process.
2 June 2025: Start date of Mr. Christophe Bigot's mandate.
31 May 2026: End date of Mr. Christophe Bigot's mandate.
Political and Security Committee: A committee that provides strategic guidance and political direction to the EUSR. Referred to as PSC.
Israel: One of the parties to the conflict addressed by the policy.
Palestinian State: The prospective state to be established as part of the two-state solution.
United Nations Security Council: An international organization whose resolutions are considered relevant to the peace process. Referred to as UNSC.
UNSC Resolution 242 (1967): A specific UNSC resolution relevant to the peace process.
UNSC Resolution 338 (1973): A specific UNSC resolution relevant to the peace process.
UNSC Resolution 2334 (2016): A specific UNSC resolution relevant to the peace process.
Madrid principles: A set of principles relevant to the peace process, including land for peace.
Roadmap: A plan or initiative relevant to the peace process.
Arab Peace Initiative: A peace initiative relevant to the peace process.
Middle East Quartet: An entity involved in the peace process, also referred to as 'the Quartet'.
December 2009: Month and year of Council conclusions regarding parameters for negotiations.
December 2010: Month and year of Council conclusions regarding parameters for negotiations.
July 2014: Month and year of Council conclusions regarding parameters for negotiations.
Palestinian Authority: One of the parties to the peace process, and a relevant political actor.
UN: United Nations. A relevant international organisation.
League of Arab States: A relevant international organisation.
Gulf Cooperation Council: A relevant international organisation.
Middle East: A region of geopolitical importance, and the area of focus of the EUSR.
Gaza: A territory that is part of the regional dimension of the peace process.
Hamas: A political and military organisation involved in the conflict with Israel.
7 October 2023: Date of terrorist attacks by Hamas against Israel.
Global Alliance for the Implementation of the Two-state solution: An initiative related to the peace process and the two-state solution.
EUSR for Human Rights: Another special representative who the EUSR will cooperate with.
Union Guidelines on human rights: Guidelines relevant to the EUSR's mandate.
Union Guidelines on Children and Armed Conflict: Guidelines relevant to the EUSR's mandate.
Union Guidelines on violence against women and girls and combating all forms of discrimination against them: Guidelines relevant to the EUSR's mandate.
UNSC Resolution 1325 (2000): A UNSC Resolution on Women, Peace and Security.
European External Action Service: The EU's diplomatic service, also referred to as EEAS.
European External Action Service (EEAS): The EU's diplomatic service, involved in the implementation of the mandate.
Union Delegations: EU's diplomatic missions in various countries and regions.
Union Representative Office in Jerusalem: An EU diplomatic mission relevant to the policy.
Union Delegation in Tel Aviv: An EU diplomatic mission relevant to the policy.
EUR 1 368 570,22: The financial reference amount for the EUSR's mandate from 2 June 2025 until 31 May 2026.
Commission: The European Commission, involved in the financial management of the EUSR's mandate.
Member States: The individual countries within the European Union.
Council Decision 2013/488/EU: Council Decision on the security rules for protecting EU classified information.
Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001: Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council regarding public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents.
Regulation (EU) 2018/1725: Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data.
European Union Police Mission for the Palestinian Territories: A common security and defence policy mission. Referred to as EUPOL COPPS.
European Union Border Assistance Mission for the Rafah Crossing Point: A common security and defence policy mission. Referred to as EUBAM Rafah.
COREU network: A secure communication network used for circulating reports.
Foreign Affairs Council: A Council formation that the EUSR may provide with reports.
European Parliament: The parliamentary body of the EU. The EUSR may be involved in providing information to it.
28 February 2026: The deadline for the EUSR to present a final comprehensive mandate implementation report.
Brussels: The city where the Council Decision was made.
K. KALLAS: The President of the Council at the time of the decision.
Official Journal EN
of the European Union L series
2025/976 21.5.2025
COUNCIL DECISION (CFSP) 2025/976
of 20 May 2025
appointing the European Union Special Representative for the Middle East Peace Process
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in particular Article 33, in conjunction with Article 31(2) thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,
Whereas:
(1) On 25 November 1996, the Council agreed to appoint a European Union Special Representative (EUSR) for the
Middle East Peace Process.
(2) On 28 February 2025, the Council adopted Decision (CFSP) 2025/443(1), appointing Mr Luigi DI MAIO as the
EUSR for the Middle East Peace Process. The EUSR’s mandate expires on 1 June 2025.
(3) The resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a strategic priority for the Union and the Union must remain
actively engaged until that conflict is solved on the basis of the two-state solution.
(4) The Union is committed to a comprehensive and lasting peace for the entire Middle East region and stands ready to
work to that end together with regional and international partners.
(5) An EUSR for the Middle East Peace Process should be appointed for a period of 12 months.
(6) The EUSR will implement the mandate in the context of a challenging regional situation which may deteriorate and
could impede the achievement of the objectives of the Union’s external action as set out in Article 21 of the Treaty,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Article 1
European Union Special Representative
Mr Christophe Bigot is hereby appointed as the European Union Special Representative (EUSR) for the Middle East Peace
Process from 2 June 2025 to 31 May 2026. The Council may decide that the mandate of the EUSR be terminated earlier, on
the basis of an assessment by the Political and Security Committee (PSC) and on a proposal from the High Representative of
the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (the ‘High Representative’).
Article 2
Policy objectives
1. The mandate of the EUSR shall be based on the overall policy objective of a just, lasting and comprehensive peace that
should be achieved on the basis of a two-state solution, with Israel and a democratic, contiguous, viable, peaceful and
sovereign Palestinian State living side by side within secure and recognised borders, enjoying normal relations with their
neighbours in accordance with the relevant United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolutions 242 (1967) and 338
(1973), and recalling other relevant resolutions, including UNSC Resolution 2334 (2016), the Madrid principles, including
land for peace, the Roadmap, the agreements previously reached by the parties, the Arab Peace Initiative and the
recommendations of the Middle East Quartet (the ‘Quartet’) of 1 July 2016. In light of the different strands of Israeli-Arab
relations, the regional dimension constitutes an essential component for a comprehensive peace.
2. In achieving the objective set out in paragraph 1, the policy priorities are preserving the two-state solution and
relaunching and supporting the peace process. Clear parameters defining the basis for negotiations are key elements for
a successful outcome and the Union has set out its position with regard to such parameters in the Council conclusions of
December 2009, December 2010 and July 2014, which it will continue to actively promote. The Union is committed to
working with the parties and with partners in the international community and in the region, and to actively pursuing
appropriate international initiatives to create a new dynamic for the negotiations.
(1) Council Decision (CFSP) 2025/443 of 28 February 2025 appointing the European Union Special Representative for the Middle East
Peace Process (OJ L, 2025/443, 3.3.2025, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/443/oj).
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Article 3
Mandate
1. In order to achieve the policy objective set out in Article 2, the mandate shall be to:
(a) provide an active and efficient Union contribution to actions and initiatives leading to a final settlement of the Israeli-
Palestinian conflict based on the two-state solution and in line with the Union parameters and relevant UNSC
Resolutions, including UNSC Resolution 2334 (2016), and put forward proposals for Union action in this regard;
(b) facilitate and maintain close contacts with all the parties to the peace process, in particular Israel and the Palestinian
Authority, relevant political actors and countries of the region, and other relevant countries, as well as the UN and
other relevant international organisations, like the League of Arab States or the Gulf Cooperation Council, in order to
work with them in strengthening the peace process;
(c) take advantage of the evolving regional landscape in the Middle East and in particular the normalisation of relations
between Israel and a number of Arab countries, in order to further advance the peace process and thus contribute to
regional stability;
(d) pay particular attention to factors affecting the regional dimension of the peace process, including the developments
related to the conflict in Gaza and in the region following the brutal and indiscriminate terrorist attacks by Hamas
against Israel on 7 October 2023, to the engagement with Arab partners and to the implementation of the Arab Peace
Initiative;
(e) actively support and contribute to peace negotiations between the parties, including by putting forward proposals on
behalf of the Union and in line with its consolidated longstanding policy in the context of those negotiations;
(f) ensure the continued presence of the Union in relevant international fora;
(g) contribute to crisis management and early warning;
(h) contribute to the implementation of international agreements reached between the parties and engage with them
diplomatically in the event of non-compliance with the terms of those agreements;
(i) contribute to political efforts to promote a sustainable solution for the Day After in the Gaza Strip which is an integral
part of a future Palestinian State, to support the Palestinian Authority’s return to Gaza, including by facilitating
discussions between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, and to promote humanitarian efforts;
(j) engage constructively with signatories to agreements within the framework of the peace process in order to promote
compliance with the basic norms of democracy, including respect for international humanitarian law, human rights
and the rule of law;
(k) make proposals for Union intervention in the peace process and on the best way of pursuing Union initiatives and
ongoing peace-process-related Union efforts, such as the Union’s contribution to Palestinian reforms and the Global
Alliance for the Implementation of the Two state solution, and including the political aspects of relevant Union
development projects;
(l) engage the parties in refraining from unilateral actions threatening the viability of the two-State solution, notably in the
occupied Palestinian territory, including settlement policy and incitement to violence and hate speech;
(m) contribute to the implementation of the Union’s human rights policy in cooperation with the EUSR for Human Rights,
including the Union Guidelines on human rights, in particular the Union Guidelines on Children and Armed Conflict
as well as on violence against women and girls and combating all forms of discrimination against them, and Union
policy regarding UNSC Resolution 1325 (2000) on Women, Peace and Security;
(n) contribute to a better understanding and visibility of the role of the Union among opinion leaders in the region;
(o) engage with representatives of civil society, including women and young people, as well as with those involved in
measures to build confidence between the parties.
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OJ L, 21.5.2025
2. The EUSR shall support the work of the HR, while maintaining an overview of all activities of the Union in the region
related to the Middle East Peace Process.
Article 4
Implementation of the mandate
1. The EUSR shall be responsible for the implementation of the mandate, acting under the authority of the High
Representative.
2. The PSC shall maintain a privileged link with the EUSR and shall be the EUSR’s primary point of contact within the
Council. The PSC shall provide the EUSR with strategic guidance and political direction within the framework of the
mandate, without prejudice to the powers of the High Representative.
3. The EUSR shall ensure regular, systematic, thorough and clear action and cooperation with the European External
Action Service (EEAS) and the relevant departments thereof.
4. The EUSR will undertake regular visits to the region and will ensure close coordination with relevant Union
Delegations across the region, including the Union Representative Office in Jerusalem, the Union Delegation in Tel Aviv
and, through them, with Member States’ diplomatic representations.
Article 5
Financing
1. The financial reference amount intended to cover the expenditure related to the mandate (the ‘expenditure’) for the
period from 2 June 2025 until 31 May 2026 shall be EUR 1 368 570,22.
2. The expenditure shall be managed in accordance with the procedures and rules applicable to the general budget of the
Union.
3. The management of the expenditure shall be subject to a contract between the EUSR and the Commission. The EUSR
shall be accountable to the Commission for all expenditure.
Article 6
Composition of the EUSR’s team
1. Within the limits of the mandate and the corresponding financial means made available, the EUSR shall be
responsible for constituting a team. The EUSR’s team shall include the expertise on specific policy issues as required by the
mandate. The EUSR shall keep the Council and the Commission promptly informed of the composition of the team.
2. Member States, institutions of the Union and the EEAS may propose the secondment of personnel to work on the
EUSR’s team. The salaries of such seconded personnel shall be covered by the seconding Member State, by the institution of
the Union concerned or by the EEAS, as appropriate. Experts seconded by Member States to the institutions of the Union or
to the EEAS may also be seconded to work with the EUSR’s team. International contracted personnel shall have the
nationality of a Member State.
3. All seconded personnel shall remain under the administrative authority of the seconding Member State, of the
institution of the Union concerned or of the EEAS and shall carry out their duties and act in the interest of the mandate.
4. The EUSR’s team shall be co-located with the relevant EEAS department, Union Delegation in Tel Aviv and Union
Representative Office in Jerusalem in order to ensure the coherence and consistency of their respective activities.
Article 7
Privileges and immunities of the EUSR and members of the EUSR’s team
The privileges, immunities and further guarantees relating to the EUSR and to the members of the EUSR’s team necessary
for the completion and smooth functioning of the EUSR’s mandate shall be agreed with the host parties, as appropriate.
Member States and the EEAS shall grant all necessary support to that effect.
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Article 8
Security of EU classified information
The EUSR and the members of the EUSR’s team shall respect the security principles and minimum standards established by
Council Decision 2013/488/EU(2).
Article 9
Access to information and logistical support
1. Member States, the Commission, the EEAS, and the General Secretariat of the Council shall ensure that the EUSR is
given access to any relevant information.
2. The Union Delegations in the region and Member States, as appropriate, shall provide logistical support to the EUSR
and to the members of the EUSR’s team.
Article 10
Security
In accordance with the Union’s policy on the security of personnel deployed outside the Union in an operational capacity
under Title V of the Treaty, the EUSR shall take all reasonably practicable measures, in conformity with the mandate and on
the basis of the security situation in the area of responsibility, for the security of all personnel under the EUSR’s direct
authority, in particular by:
(a) establishing a specific security plan based on guidance from the EEAS, including specific physical, organisational and
procedural security measures, governing management of the secure movement of personnel to, and within, the area of
responsibility, as well as management of security incidents and a mission contingency and evacuation plan;
(b) ensuring that all personnel deployed outside the Union are covered by high-risk insurance as required by the conditions
in the area of responsibility;
(c) ensuring that all personnel to be deployed outside the Union, including locally contracted personnel, have received
appropriate security training before or upon arriving in the area of responsibility, based on the risk ratings assigned to
that area by the EEAS;
(d) ensuring that all agreed recommendations made following regular security assessments are implemented and providing
the High Representative, the Council and the Commission with written reports on their implementation and on other
security issues within the framework of the regular progress reports and the final comprehensive mandate
implementation report referred to in Article 15.
Article 11
Reporting
The EUSR shall regularly provide the High Representative with reports. The EUSR shall report regularly to the PSC and as
necessary to Council working parties. Regular reports shall be circulated through the COREU network. The EEAS shall be
fully informed at all times. The EUSR may provide the Foreign Affairs Council with reports. In accordance with Article 36
of the Treaty, the EUSR may be involved in providing information to the European Parliament.
Article 12
Access to documents and data protection
1. The EUSR shall apply the rules laid down in Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the
Council(3), as well as the relevant implementing rules adopted by the High Representative.
(2) Council Decision 2013/488/EU of 23 September 2013 on the security rules for protecting EU classified information (OJ L 274,
15.10.2013, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2013/488/oj).
(3) Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2001 regarding public access to European
Parliament, Council and Commission documents (OJ L 145, 31.5.2001, p. 43, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2001/1049/oj).
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2. The EUSR shall protect individuals with regard to the processing of their personal data in accordance with the rules
laid down in Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council(4), as well as the relevant
implementing rules adopted by the High Representative.
Article 13
Coordination
1. The EUSR shall contribute to the unity, consistency and effectiveness of the Union’s action and shall help ensure that
all Union instruments and Member States’ actions are engaged consistently, to attain the Union’s policy objectives. Liaison
with Member States shall be sought where appropriate. The activities of the EUSR shall be coordinated with those of the
EEAS and Commission services. The EUSR shall provide regular briefings to the Union’s Delegations and to Member States’
diplomatic representations, including the Union Representative Office in Jerusalem and the Union Delegation in Tel Aviv.
2. In the field, close liaison shall be maintained with the relevant Heads of Member States’ Missions, Heads of Union
Delegations and Heads of common security and defence policy Missions. They shall make every effort to assist the EUSR in
the implementation of the mandate. The EUSR, in close coordination with the Head of Union Delegation in Tel Aviv and the
Union Representative Office in Jerusalem, shall provide the Heads of the European Union Police Mission for the Palestinian
Territories (EUPOL COPPS) and of the European Union Border Assistance Mission for the Rafah Crossing Point (EUBAM
Rafah) with local political guidance. The EUSR shall also liaise with other international and regional actors in the field.
Article 14
Assistance in relation to claims
The EUSR and the members of the EUSR’s team shall provide assistance in responding to any claims and obligations arising
from the mandates of the previous EUSRs for the Middle East Peace Process, and shall provide administrative assistance and
access to relevant documents for such purposes.
Article 15
Review
The implementation of this Decision and its consistency with other contributions from the Union to the region shall be
kept under regular review. The EUSR shall present the High Representative, the Council and the Commission with regular
progress reports and a final comprehensive mandate implementation report by 28 February 2026.
Article 16
Entry into force
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.
Done at Brussels, 20 May 2025.
For the Council
The President
K. KALLAS
(4) Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural
persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free
movement of such data, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 and Decision No 1247/2002/EC (OJ L 295, 21.11.2018, p. 39,
ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1725/oj).
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