Regulation (EU) 2025/2458 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 November 2025 on European statistics on population and housing, amending Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 and repealing Regulations (EC) No 763/2008 and (EU) No 1260/2013 (Text with EEA relevance)

Official Journal EN of the European Union L series 2025/2458 12.12.2025 REGULATION (EU) 2025/2458 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 November 2025 on European statistics on population and housing, amending Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 and repealing Regulations (EC) No 763/2008 and (EU) No 1260/2013 (Text with EEA relevance) THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 338(1) thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission, After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments, Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee(1), After consulting the Committee of the Regions, Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure(2), Whereas: (1) European statistics on population and housing play a central role in policy-making and decision-making processes and are therefore necessary for the design, implementation and evaluation of Union policies, in particular policies addressing demographic change and the green and digital transitions, policies related to the framework for the promotion of energy efficiency, economic, social and territorial cohesion, and policies related to the principles of the European Pillar of Social Rights, as well as those necessary for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda in so far as they fall within the scope of this Regulation. (2) European social statistics, including statistics on population and housing, are currently produced on the basis of a number of legislative acts. This Regulation should continue the seamless integration and streamlining of European social statistics, which started with Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council(3). (3) Statistics on population are an important denominator for a wide range of policy indicators and are used as a reference across European statistics, particularly for providing sampling frames for conducting representative surveys of persons and households under Regulation (EU) 2019/1700. (4) The Economic and Financial Affairs Council regularly gives a mandate to the Economic Policy Committee to assess the long-term sustainability and quality of public finances on the basis of population projections produced by Eurostat. Such population projections are also used for policy analysis in the context of the European Semester. The Commission (Eurostat) should have at its disposal all the statistics necessary to produce and publish population projections corresponding to the information needs of the Union. (1) OJ C 228, 29.6.2023, p. 148. (2) Position of the European Parliament of 24 April 2024 (OJ C, C/2025/3787, 17.9.2025, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/3787/ oj) and position of the Council at first reading of 29 September 2025 (not yet published in the Official Journal). Position of the European Parliament of 13 November 2025. (3) Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2019 establishing a common framework for European statistics relating to persons and households, based on data at individual level collected from samples, amending Regulations (EC) No 808/2004, (EC) No 452/2008 and (EC) No 1338/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EC) No 577/98 (OJ L 261 I, 14.10.2019, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1700/oj). ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj 1/28EN OJ L, 12.12.2025 (5) Pursuant to Article 175, second paragraph, of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), the Commission is to report, every three years, on the progress made towards achieving economic, social and territorial cohesion to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Regional and local data, including for different territorial types such as border regions, cities and their functional urban areas, metropolitan regions, rural regions and mountain and island regions, are necessary for the preparation of those reports and for the regular monitoring of demographic developments and of possible future demographic challenges in the Union territories. (6) Pursuant to Article 16(4) of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), a qualified majority of the members of the Council is defined, inter alia, on the basis of the population of the Member States. For that purpose, pursuant to Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council(4), Member States are currently obliged to provide the Commission (Eurostat) with data on their total population at national level. Member States should continue to provide such information to the Commission (Eurostat) pursuant to this Regulation. (7) In 2017, the European Statistical System Committee (ESSC) adopted the ‘Budapest Memorandum on Population Movements and Integration Issues – Migration Statistics’ (the ‘Budapest Memorandum’), which stated the need for annual statistics on the size and certain social, economic and demographic characteristics of the population. In order to respect the principles of equality and non-discrimination and to respect the citizens’ rights enshrined in Article 21 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and in Articles 10 and 19 TFEU, the Union needs reliable and comparable statistics. Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 provides a framework for the collection of data from samples that enables the collection of data on equality and non-discrimination, in so far as that is feasible on the basis of samples, as well as the analysis of some aspects of equality and discrimination by producing socioeconomic indicators and information on experience of discrimination. In addition, the Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA) and the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) carry out specific studies and dedicated surveys that can further extend the availability of equality statistics at Union level. Moreover, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound) makes available data and information on living and working conditions collected via surveys. Future cooperation and coordination between the Member States, Eurostat, FRA, EIGE and Eurofound should, under the relevant legal frameworks, be enhanced to meet growing user demands for reliable and comprehensive data on equality and diversity in the Union. (8) The Budapest Memorandum also called for improved statistics on migration and for the development and implementation of common population and migration-related definitions, taking into account the need to establish concepts and definitions that are statistically sound, relevant and applicable in view of emerging types of migration. Recent and ongoing events, such as the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union, and humanitarian crises, such as the consequences of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, underline the importance of timely and detailed migration and international protection statistics, which are essential to establishing an overview of migratory flows to, within and from the Union. (9) To achieve the targets set out in the communication of the Commission of 11 December 2019 on the European Green Deal, the development and evaluation of effective policies require enhanced statistics relating to the energy use and efficiency of housing, detailed geographical data on population distribution, and deeper studies of the relationship between population and housing. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the need for reliable, frequent and timely statistics on deaths in the Union. The Union needs an adequate mechanism for the mandatory collection of such data within the European Statistical System (ESS) carried out with the necessary frequency, timeliness and detail. (10) Mandatory collection of data within the ESS on the basis of this Regulation is intended to facilitate the regular and timely monitoring of progress in the implementation of the principles of the European Pillar of Social Rights, in the achievement of the headline targets of the related Action Plan, and in the achievement of the aims of the European Child Guarantee established by Council Recommendation (EU) 2021/1004(5)at national level, while also providing data to facilitate the assessment of the distributional impact of climate change and relevant policies. (4) Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 November 2013 on European demographic statistics (OJ L 330, 10.12.2013, p. 39, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2013/1260/oj). (5) Council Recommendation (EU) 2021/1004 of 14 June 2021 establishing a European Child Guarantee (OJ L 223, 22.6.2021, p. 14, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/1004/oj). 2/28 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/ojEN OJ L, 12.12.2025 (11) On the proposal of the UN Statistical Commission, the UN Economic and Social Council adopts resolutions every 10 years regarding the World Population and Housing Census and invites UN member countries to conduct population and housing censuses in line with international and regional recommendations and to uphold the integrity, reliability, accuracy and value of the population and housing census results. European statistics on population and housing should take into account those international and regional recommendations. (12) Streamlining reporting obligations and reducing the administrative burden is a central objective of the Union. The communication of the Commission of 16 March 2023 on the Long-term competitiveness of the EU: looking beyond 2030 aims to rationalise and simplify reporting requirements by 25 % for companies and administrations, while not undermining the related policy objectives. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council(6)established a legal framework for the development, production and dissemination of European statistics on the basis of common statistical principles. That Regulation sets out quality criteria and refers to the need to minimise the response burden on survey respondents and to contribute to the more general objective of reducing the administrative burden. A new legal framework for European statistics on population and housing should implement and build upon the quality criteria set out in that Regulation and reduce the administrative burden by embracing the effective and efficient use of available data sources, including administrative data. (13) Since administrative records are the most cost-efficient and administratively efficient data sources that embrace the ‘once-only’ principle, it should be possible to use them for all data sets provided to the Commission, provided that Member States confirm, where applicable by use of estimation methods, that the coverage and quality of those data sources is sufficient and provided that they thoroughly describe the coverage and quality in the quality reports and metadata accompanying the data transmission. (14) The evaluation of published statistics on the population and housing censuses in the Union, on international migration flows, migrant stocks and the acquisition of citizenship, and on demography has shown that the current legal framework, comprising Regulations (EC) No 862/2007(7) and (EC) No 763/2008(8) of the European Parliament and the Council and Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013, has led to significant overall improvements of statistics compared to the situation in 2005, before the current legal framework was in force. That framework, however, has a potential lack of coherence and comparability, which should be addressed. (15) Climate change, the digital transition, the evolving demographic situation and recent migration trends have created demands for timelier, more frequent and more detailed European statistics on population, socioeconomic developments, vital events and housing, including details of topics or groups that have become politically and societally relevant during the last decade. In addition, the current legal framework is not sufficiently flexible to adapt to evolving policy needs and to enable the use of new sources at Union and national level. Furthermore, the structure of the current legal framework, in the form of three separate Regulations adopted at different times, has led to inconsistencies in the resulting statistics. Finally, as Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 will cease to apply on 31 August 2028, a new legal framework is required for the demographic statistics that are collected pursuant to that Regulation. The new legal framework should be more coherent and flexible, should amend the relevant provisions of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 and should repeal Regulations (EC) No 763/2008 and (EU) No 1260/2013. (6) Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2009 on European statistics and repealing Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1101/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities, Council Regulation (EC) No 322/97 on Community Statistics, and Council Decision 89/382/EEC, Euratom establishing a Committee on the Statistical Programmes of the European Communities (OJ L 87, 31.3.2009, p. 164, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2009/223/oj). (7) Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on Community statistics on migration and international protection and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 311/76 on the compilation of statistics on foreign workers (OJ L 199, 31.7.2007, p. 23, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2007/862/oj). (8) Regulation (EC) No 763/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 on population and housing censuses (OJ L 218, 13.8.2008, p. 14, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/763/oj). ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj 3/28EN OJ L, 12.12.2025 (16) Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 covers statistics on the country of citizenship and place of birth of the resident population (migrant stocks), on the change of residence between countries (international migration flows) and on the acquisition of citizenship by the resident population. The other statistics collected pursuant to that Regulation concern administrative and judicial procedures relating to immigration legislation and international protection. The statistics referred to in Article 3 of that Regulation are closely linked to, and should be consistent with, the statistics on the resident population and demographic changes provided for by Regulations (EC) No 763/2008 and (EU) No 1260/2013. To ensure consistency, those statistics should therefore be integrated into a single legal basis and Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 should be deleted. (17) The rapidly changing nature of certain population and housing characteristics, in particular in relation to demographic, socioeconomic and migration phenomena, and the corresponding need for prompt targeting and adaptation of policies means that there is a need for statistics to be available on a timely basis, soon after the relevant reference period for such statistics. The periodicity and timeliness of statistics should therefore be substantively increased, where possible through the use of administrative data and administrative records. To that end, it is necessary that Member States provide adequate resources for their national statistical institutes. (18) Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council(9) establishes a grid-based methodology for the definition of territorial typologies, based on the population distribution by 1 km2 grid cells. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1799(10), which established a temporary direct statistical action for the dissemination of selected topics accompanying the 2021 population and housing censuses, provides for key census outputs on a pan-European 1 km2 grid. The new legal framework should ensure the continued dissemination of georeferenced population statistics based on grids, and its extension to housing statistics. (19) Territorial units and statistical grids as referred to in this Regulation are intended to be the same as those provided for in Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003. (20) For the purpose of geocoding location, the Statistical Units theme set out in Annex III to Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(11) is to be used. (21) The current legal framework for European statistics on population and housing should be updated to ensure that the currently separate statistical processes are integrated in a common framework that allows the ESS to respond effectively to new information needs of the Union and to encourage statistical innovations. It is necessary that statistical output be enhanced to remain relevant in the face of demographic, migratory, social and economic changes and challenges, thus supporting policy-making and decision-making. (22) The enhanced regular (annual and infra-annual) statistics on population and housing should be complemented with information from coordinated population and housing censuses in the Union, conducted every 10 years in accordance with the UN Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses. Population and housing censuses provide a unique opportunity to render official statistics visible in terms of operation and results. (23) Union population and housing censuses should become more cost-effective by making full use of the rich set of administrative data available across the Member States or across a combination of innovative methodologies and sources, including new sources which emerge from the provision of digital services. Those censuses should also be used to re-establish the demographic baseline. The use of such new sources should be subject to the legal, technical and procedural safeguards established by Regulation (EC) No 223/2009. (9) Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS) (OJ L 154, 21.6.2003, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2003/1059/oj). (10) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1799 of 21 November 2018 on the establishment of a temporary direct statistical action for the dissemination of selected topics of the 2021 population and housing census geocoded to a 1 km2 grid (OJ L 296, 22.11.2018, p. 19, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2018/1799/oj). (11) Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) (OJ L 108, 25.4.2007, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2007/2/oj). 4/28 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/ojEN OJ L, 12.12.2025 (24) Member States and the Commission (Eurostat) should have access to the widest possible range of data sources in order to produce high-quality European statistics on population and housing in a cost-effective manner. In that regard, it is crucial that national statistical institutes and other national authorities included on the list referred to in Article 5(2) of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 (national statistical authorities) are able to access and are allowed to use, the administrative data owned by public administrations at national, regional and local level, in a timely manner in accordance with Article 17a of that Regulation. For example, statistics on the energy efficiency of buildings can be based on administrative data relating to the issuance of energy certificates of buildings under Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council(12). National statistical authorities should have timely and regular access to the national databases on the energy performance of buildings pursuant to Directive (EU) 2024/1275 of the European Parliament and of the Council(13). National statistical authorities also need to be involved in decisions concerning the design and redevelopment of relevant administrative data sources to ensure that those data sources can be further used for the compilation of official statistics. (25) In recent years, comprehensive Union-level databases and interoperability systems related to residence, vital events, citizenship and migratory and cross-border movements of population have been developed, such as those established by Regulations (EU) No 910/2014(14), (EU) 2018/1724(15), (EU) 2019/817(16)and (EU) 2019/818(17)of the European Parliament and of the Council. They provide valuable information that can be used for the compilation and quality assurance of European statistics on population and housing. (26) It is essential to enable the Commission (Eurostat) to use data from Union-level databases and interoperability systems only for statistical purposes, subject to strictly applying rules of data protection and data privacy pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council(18). This should apply, in particular, to the statistical data stored in the central repository for reporting and statistics (CRRS) established by Article 39(1) of Regulation (EU) 2019/817, by Article 39(1) of Regulation (EU) 2019/818, and by Regulations establishing the systems whose statistical data are stored in the CRRS. In particular, considering that the CRRS is to provide cross-system statistical data and analytical reporting for policy, operational and data quality purposes, the Commission (Eurostat) should cooperate with the European Union Agency for the Operational Management of Large-Scale IT Systems in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (eu-LISA), to the extent possible, with a view to providing the required European statistics. (12) Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (OJ L 153, 18.6.2010, p. 13, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2010/31/oj). (13) Directive (EU) 2024/1275 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 April 2024 on the energy performance of buildings (OJ L, 2024/1275, 8.5.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1275/oj). (14) Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC (OJ L 257, 28.8.2014, p. 73, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/910/oj). (15) Regulation (EU) 2018/1724 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 2 October 2018 establishing a single digital gateway to provide access to information, to procedures and to assistance and problem-solving services and amending Regulation (EU) No 1024/2012 (OJ L 295, 21.11.2018, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1724/oj). (16) Regulation (EU) 2019/817 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2019 on establishing a framework for interoperability between EU information systems in the field of borders and visa and amending Regulations (EC) No 767/2008, (EU) No 2016/399, (EU) 2017/2226, (EU) 2018/1240, (EU) 2018/1726 and (EU) 2018/1861 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Decisions 2004/512/EC and 2008/633/JHA (OJ L 135, 22.5.2019, p. 27, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/ 2019/817/oj). (17) Regulation (EU) 2019/818 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2019 on establishing a framework for interoperability between EU information systems in the field of police and judicial cooperation, asylum and migration and amending Regulations (EU) 2018/1726, (EU) 2018/1862 and (EU) 2019/816 (OJ L 135, 22.5.2019, p. 85, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/ 2019/818/oj). (18) Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 and Decision No 1247/2002/EC (OJ L 295, 21.11.2018, p. 39, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1725/oj). ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj 5/28EN OJ L, 12.12.2025 (27) Privately held data refer to the vast amount of data held by private entities obtained as a result of their activity, which could be used by national statistical authorities and the Commission (Eurostat) to produce official statistics. Such data can improve the coverage, timeliness and crisis-response capacities of European statistics on population and housing and can enable statistical innovation. Such data have the potential to complement existing demography and migration statistics, bring statistical innovation and even serve for production of early estimates, provided that the rights and freedoms of data holders are protected. The national statistical authorities and the Commission (Eurostat) have access to and are able to use such data and to cooperate with the private data holders pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 223/2009. (28) To ensure the comparability of European statistics on population and housing at Union level, it is essential that common population definitions are used and implemented in a harmonised way. To implement the single harmonised population base consistently, robustly and cost-effectively, while ensuring timely results, it should be possible to apply scientifically based modelling techniques and statistical methods, such as signs of life, where appropriate. (29) With the aim of ensuring the highest coverage quality, Member States should use estimation methods to achieve an accurate estimate of the total population at national level. Member States should be able to use estimation methods for more detailed breakdowns, including geographical breakdowns. A substantial lack of knowledge of individual characteristics, such as age and sex, is inherent to some estimation methods, for example when estimating statistics based on data that are not available from administrative or other sources. Where such estimation methods result in an insufficient level of breakdown detail, Member States should be able to use a dedicated adjustment category in order to estimate the population in all relevant data sets. The use of such adjustment categories, indicating ‘unknown’ data, provides the necessary flexibility for situations where all available data sources have been used and no further detail can be obtained. Where they use a dedicated adjustment category, Member States should explain their methodology and provide reasons for the use of an adjustment category in the relevant quality reports. (30) Member States should provide their data and metadata in electronic form in an appropriate technical format to be provided by the Commission (Eurostat). International standards, such as the Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange (SDMX) initiative, and statistical or technical standards developed within the Union, such as metadata and validation standards or European Interoperable Framework principles, should be used to the extent relevant for European statistics on population and housing. The ESSC has endorsed the ESS standards for metadata and quality reports set out in Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009. Those standards are to contribute to the harmonisation of quality assurance and reporting under this Regulation and should therefore be introduced. (31) European statistics on population and housing should meet the quality criteria on relevance, accuracy, timeliness and punctuality, accessibility and clarity, comparability and coherence set out in Regulation (EC) No 223/2009. The quality of those statistics should be enhanced to the extent that the needs of the Union evolve, and mechanisms should be established to address possible situations where the quality of data is not guaranteed. Appropriate results from the quality assessment carried out by the Commission (Eurostat) should be publicly available to statistics users by ensuring free and easy access to those statistics through Commission (Eurostat) databases on its website and in its publications. (32) European statistics on population and housing should address the persistent lack of data regarding hard-to-reach population groups such as persons residing in institutions, persons with disabilities, homeless people, persons with a migrant background and stateless persons. In order to capture the best possible picture of society and to prevent social and economic inequalities, Member States should strive to ensure that hard-to-reach population groups are accurately covered. The pilot and feasibility studies launched pursuant to this Regulation should be used to address this matter. 6/28 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/ojEN OJ L, 12.12.2025 (33) In order to have adequate, timely and effective policies, it is necessary to obtain reliable and comparable data, disaggregated by gender, age and, where relevant, nationality, socioeconomic status, geographical area and other characteristics in accordance with the statistical principles laid down in Article 338 TFEU and with the European Statistics Code of practice and the Quality Assurance Framework of the ESS. Those data are important in order to better understand population and housing trends, to combat intersectional discrimination and to implement and assess Union policies, political objectives and actions, such as the European Care Strategy laid down in the communication of the Commission of 7 September 2022 on the European care strategy, the European Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities laid down in the communication of the Commission of 3 March 2021 on Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2021-2030 and the European Platform on Combatting Homelessness launched by the Lisbon Declaration of 21 June 2021 on the European Platform on Combatting Homelessness, all of which rely heavily on data on households and families. Disaggregation by disability should be encouraged by using existing and new administrative data sources as leverage. The collection and use of data is to be conducted with full respect for Union and national standards concerning privacy and for other fundamental rights, particularly when involving the data of minors. Disaggregation by gender should reflect available data in Member States. In some Member States, it is currently possible for persons to legally register as having a third, often a neutral, gender. This Regulation does not affect relevant national rules giving effect to such recognition. (34) Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 includes rules on the provision of data from the Member States to the Commission (Eurostat) and on the use thereof, including on the transmission and protection of confidential data. Measures taken in accordance with this Regulation should ensure that confidential data are provided and used exclusively for statistical purposes pursuant to Articles 21 and 22 of that Regulation. (35) The Commission (Eurostat) is to respect the statistical confidentiality of the data provided by Member States pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 223/2009. With regard to the population statistics collected under this Regulation, a harmonised approach to ensuring the high quality of statistical aggregates at European level and avoiding the disclosure of confidential data in statistical outputs should be developed, avoiding as far as possible the suppression of data. (36) Data sources available at national level are not always able to capture accurately phenomena related to the free movement of persons in the Union, the access of persons to cross-border services related to vital events and the exercise of persons’ rights to buy and own housing property used as primary, holiday and secondary accommodation across the Union. There are also asymmetries in the bilateral migration flows and difficulties in measuring population groups, for instance among migrant, homeless or stateless populations. Therefore, data sharing for the purpose of compiling statistics on population and migration and of ensuring their quality should be reinforced and considered as yet another data source. Such reinforced data sharing should cover a range of relevant data, including data that clearly do not allow, whether directly or indirectly, the identification of statistical units. It should be able to cover data that are potentially subject to statistical confidentiality requirements. Member States should, in their own interest and in the interest of the other Member States, participate in data sharing activities, including in pilot projects assessing innovative secure solutions. The Commission (Eurostat) should also establish a secure infrastructure to facilitate such data sharing while ensuring all necessary safeguards for data protection. (37) The sharing of confidential data should take place only on the basis of a request justifying the necessity of sharing those data pursuant to Chapter V of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009. (38) In the longer term, the collaborative efforts in the ESS to mitigate cross-border statistical quality concerns, such as the double counting of Union residents enjoying freedom of movement, should benefit from, for example, single digital identifiers established at Union level by Regulation (EU) No 910/2014. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj 7/28EN OJ L, 12.12.2025 (39) This Regulation is without prejudice to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council(19), Regulation (EU) 2018/1725, and Directive 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(20). Within their respective scope of application, those legislative acts are to apply to the processing of personal data under this Regulation, taking into account the fact that personal data processed for statistical purposes in the public interest are statistical confidential data, subject to the principle of statistical confidentiality. Therefore, such data are to be used only for statistical purposes and are never to be used for measures or decisions regarding any specific natural person. Anonymised or pseudonymised data should preferably be used for the processing, sharing and archiving of personal data for statistical purposes under this Regulation, in order to guarantee the safeguards adopted pursuant to Article 89 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 13 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725. Where personal data are processed pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 or (EU) 2018/1725, the principles of lawfulness, fairness, transparency and accuracy, purpose limitation, data minimisation, storage limitation and integrity and confidentiality should be fully applied. Similarly, the statistical principles set out in Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 and further developed in the European Statistics Code of Practice should apply. (40) European statistics on population and housing should evolve to take into account emerging data needs stemming from changing policy priorities, as well as changes in the demographic, migratory, social or economic situation in the Union. The Commission (Eurostat) should undertake pilot and feasibility studies assessing the feasibility of the adaptations concerned, as appropriate, and should take into account aspects such as costs and administrative burdens on Member States and the availability of appropriate data sources. When preparing those studies, the Commission should ensure the representativeness of the studies at Union level, while reflecting divergences across Member States. The Commission should evaluate the results of those studies in cooperation with the Member States. (41) In order to take account of demographic, economic and social trends, technological developments and the need to design well-targeted policies in a timely manner, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 TFEU should be delegated to the Commission in order to amend the list of detailed topics covered by European statistics on population and housing and to specify the information to be provided by Member States for the purpose of additional statistical data collection. It is of particular importance that the Commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level, and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making(21). In particular, to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts, the European Parliament and the Council receive all documents at the same time as Member States’ experts, and their experts systematically have access to meetings of Commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts. (42) The importance of European statistics as a vital part of evidence-based decision-making is reflected in the programming and financing framework established by Regulation (EU) 2021/690 of the European Parliament and the Council(22) for the development, production and dissemination of European statistics (Single Market Programme). Member States should be able to apply for financial support from the Single Market Programme as well as from the Technical Support Instrument established by Regulation (EU) 2021/240 of the European Parliament and of the Council(23), in accordance with the objectives of and the rules relating to those instruments, for adapting their national statistical systems, improving the methodology and data quality of statistics, and planning and implementing all additional collection of data under this Regulation. (19) Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj). (20) Directive 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2002 concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector (Directive on privacy and electronic communications) (OJ L 201, 31.7.2002, p. 37, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2002/58/oj). (21) OJ L 123, 12.5.2016, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/agree_interinstit/2016/512/oj. (22) Regulation (EU) 2021/690 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing a programme for the internal market, competitiveness of enterprises, including small and medium-sized enterprises, the area of plants, animals, food and feed, and European statistics (Single Market Programme) and repealing Regulations (EU) No 99/2013, (EU) No 1287/2013, (EU) No 254/2014 and (EU) No 652/2014 (OJ L 153, 3.5.2021, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/690/oj). (23) Regulation (EU) 2021/240 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 February 2021 establishing a Technical Support Instrument (OJ L 57, 18.2.2021, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/240/oj). 8/28 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/ojEN OJ L, 12.12.2025 (43) Pursuant to Regulations (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509(24) and (EU, Euratom) No 883/2013(25) of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulations (EC, Euratom) No 2988/95(26), (Euratom, EC) No 2185/96(27) and (EU) 2017/1939(28), the financial interests of the Union are to be protected by means of proportionate measures, including measures relating to the prevention, detection, correction and investigation of irregularities, including fraud, to the recovery of funds lost, wrongly paid or incorrectly used, and, where appropriate, to the imposition of administrative penalties. Moreover, the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) has the power to carry out administrative investigations, including on-the-spot checks and inspections, with a view to establishing whether there has been fraud, corruption or any other illegal activity affecting the financial interests of the Union. The European Public Prosecutor’s Office (the ‘EPPO’) is empowered by Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 to investigate and prosecute criminal offences affecting the financial interests of the Union as provided for in Directive (EU) 2017/1371 of the European Parliament and of the Council(29). Pursuant to Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509, any person or entity receiving Union funds is to fully cooperate in the protection of the financial interests of the Union, grant the necessary rights and access to the Commission, OLAF, the Court of Auditors and, in respect of those Member States participating in enhanced cooperation pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2017/1939, the EPPO, and ensure that any third parties involved in the implementation of Union funds grant equivalent rights. (44) In order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this Regulation with regard to the specification of data and metadata requirements, technical formats and procedures for data and metadata provision, content and structure of quality reports, implementing powers should be conferred on the Commission. Those powers should be exercised in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and the Council(30). (45) Where the implementation of this Regulation, or of the delegated and implementing acts adopted pursuant thereto, would require major adaptations to the national statistical system of a Member State, the Commission should be able, in duly justified cases and for a limited period of time, to grant derogations to the Member States concerned. (46) Since the objective of this Regulation, namely the systematic production of European statistics on population and housing, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States but can rather, for reasons of consistency and comparability, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 TEU. In accordance with the principle of proportionality as set out in that Article, this Regulation does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve that objective. (47) The European Data Protection Supervisor was consulted in accordance with Article 42(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 and delivered an opinion on 16 March 2023(31). (48) The ESSC has been consulted, (24) Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 September 2024 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union (OJ L, 2024/2509, 26.9.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2509/oj). (25) Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 883/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 September 2013 concerning investigations conducted by the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1073/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (Euratom) No 1074/1999 (OJ L 248, 18.9.2013, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa. eu/eli/reg/2013/883/oj). (26) Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 2988/95 of 18 December 1995 on the protection of the European Communities financial interests (OJ L 312, 23.12.1995, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/1995/2988/oj). (27) Council Regulation (Euratom, EC) No 2185/96 of 11 November 1996 concerning on-the-spot checks and inspections carried out by the Commission in order to protect the European Communities’ financial interests against fraud and other irregularities (OJ L 292, 15.11.1996, p. 2, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/1996/2185/oj). (28) Council Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 of 12 October 2017 implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (‘the EPPO’) (OJ L 283, 31.10.2017, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/1939/oj). (29) Directive (EU) 2017/1371 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2017 on the fight against fraud to the Union’s financial interests by means of criminal law (OJ L 198, 28.7.2017, p. 29, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2017/1371/oj). (30) Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by Member States of the Commission’s exercise of implementing powers (OJ L 55, 28.2.2011, p. 13, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/182/oj). (31) OJ C 123, 5.4.2023, p. 9. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj 9/28EN OJ L, 12.12.2025 HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: Article 1 Subject matter This Regulation establishes a common legal framework for the development, production and dissemination of European statistics on population and housing. Article 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply: (1) ‘citizenship’ means the particular legal bond between a person and a State, acquired by birth or naturalisation, whether by declaration, choice, marriage, adoption or other means, in accordance with national law; (2) ‘usual residence’ means the place where a person normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage, provided that that person: (a) has lived at that place for most of the time during the 12 months prior to and including the reference date; or (b) arrived at that place during the 12 months prior to and including the reference date and where there is an intention or expectation that that person stays there most of the time for at least 12 months from the date of arrival; (3) ‘signs of life’ means information indicative of the actual presence and usual residence of a person on the relevant territory which can be obtained from any appropriate source or combination thereof, including digital traces that relate to the person concerned; (4) ‘international migration’ means the event by which a person establishes his or her usual residence in the territory of a Member State or in a third country, having previously been usually resident in another Member State or third country; (5) ‘immigrant’ means a person who has undergone international migration during the reference period to establish that person’s new usual residence in the territory of the reporting Member State; (6) ‘emigrant’ means a person who has undergone international migration during the reference period to establish that person’s new usual residence outside the territory of the reporting Member State, having previously been usually resident in the territory of the reporting Member State; (7) ‘internal migration’ means the event by which a person changes his or her place of usual residence within the territory of the reporting Member State; (8) ‘hard-to-reach population groups’ means groups of persons for whom a real or perceived barrier exists for full and representative inclusion or identification in the collection of statistical data, due to either a lack of coverage of such groups, or a lack of specific characteristics to identify them; (9) ‘living quarters’ means a temporary or permanent structure, shelter or lodging place at which one or more persons reside, irrespective of whether it is designed or intended for human habitation; (10) ‘separate premises’ means premises surrounded by walls and covered by a roof or ceiling in such a way that one or more persons can reside there independently from other persons; (11) ‘independent premises’ means premises with direct access from a street, stairway, passage, corridor or land; (12) ‘conventional dwelling’ means structurally separate premises and independent premises in a fixed location, which are designed for permanent human habitation and which are, on the reference date, used as a usual residence, unoccupied or used as a secondary or seasonal residence; 10/28 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/ojEN OJ L, 12.12.2025 (13) ‘building intended for habitation’ means a permanent structure comprised of one or more conventional dwellings or which is intended for institutional or collective housing; (14) ‘household’ means a group of two or more persons who share living quarters, or one person who does not form part of any other household; (15) ‘institution’ means collective living quarters for the purpose of providing, to a group of persons, long-term housing and services necessary for their daily life; (16) ‘family’ means a group of two or more persons who live most of the time in the same household and who are related through parenthood or through marriage, a registered partnership or a consensual union; (17) ‘administrative records’ means data generated by a non-statistical source, which is usually a register held by a public body, the main aim of which is not the provision of statistics; (18) ‘domain’ means one or more data sets that cover particular topics; (19) ‘topic’ means the content of the information to be collected about the statistical units, with each topic covering one or more detailed topics; (20) ‘detailed topic’ means the detailed content of the information to be collected about the statistical units related to a topic, with each detailed topic covering one or more variables; (21) ‘data set’ means one or more variables, organised in a structured form; (22) ‘population and housing census’ means the detailed decennial data sets and metadata to be provided under this Regulation; (23) ‘statistical unit’ means one member of a universe of entities, namely persons, objects or events, about which data are collected and statistics are compiled; (24) ‘variable’ means a characteristic of a statistical unit that can assume more than one set of values; (25) ‘breakdown’ means a predefined, discrete, exhaustive and mutually exclusive set of values which can be assigned to a variable characterising statistical units; (26) ‘national level’ means a level relating to the territory of a Member State; (27) ‘regional level’ or ‘NUTS 3’ means NUTS level 3 as set out in Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003; (28) ‘local level’ or ‘LAU’ means local administrative unit level as set out in Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003; (29) ‘grid level’ means statistical grid maintained and published pursuant to Article 4a of Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003; (30) ‘frame’ means any list, material or device that delimits and identifies the elements of the target population and that, depending on its use, allows access to, or provides additional characteristics of, the elements; (31) ‘reference date’ means the point in time to which statistics refer; (32) ‘reference period’ means the time interval to which statistics on events refer; (33) ‘reference time’ means either a reference date or a reference period, depending whether the statistics are on events or on other statistical units; (34) ‘metadata’ means information that is needed to use and interpret the statistics and that describes data sets in a structured way; (35) ‘pre-checked data sets’ means data sets verified by the Member States on the basis of agreed common validation rules. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj 11/28EN OJ L, 12.12.2025 Article 3 Population base 1. For the purposes of this Regulation, the population base consists of all persons having their usual residence within the Union in a specified territorial unit of a Member State, at national level, regional level, local level or grid level, at the reference date. 2. The population base shall include all usually resident persons, regardless of their citizenship and regardless of whether they are or were stateless. 3. The population base shall exclude persons whose usual residence is outside the territory of the Member State concerned, regardless of place of birth or citizenship, and regardless of any family, social, economic or property links that the person has with that Member State. 4. Where a person has no usual residence, that person’s location on the reference date shall be deemed to be that person’s usual residence. 5. Member States shall apply the definition of usual residence provided for in this Regulation to all data sets provided to the Commission (Eurostat) under this Regulation and at the national level, the regional level, the local level and the grid level, as set out in the Annex. 6. When applying the definition of usual residence, Member States shall use: (a) one or more of the data sources listed in Article 8(1); (b) estimation methods, subject to Article 11(2), to ensure the accurate implementation of the population base in accordance with paragraphs 1 to 4 of this Article, such as signs of life, as well as other scientifically based, well-documented and publicly available statistical estimation methods, taking into account international recommendations and best practices, to correct for actual presence at the presumed place of usual residence for most of the time in the 12 months ending with the reference date, and to estimate the number of persons who intend or are expected to stay for most of the time in the 12 months from the date of arrival. 7. For the purpose of qualified majority voting in the Council, the Commission shall provide to the Council data on the total population of Member States at the end of each reference year, as published by the Commission (Eurostat) by 30 September of the calendar year following the reference year. The Commission shall provide those data on the basis of information transmitted by Member States in the data set specified in the Annex and on the basis of any revised data sets transmitted by Member States pursuant to Article 7(3), first subparagraph, point (a), and in accordance with Article 7(3), second and third subparagraphs, where such data sets are transmitted by Member States before 1 September of the calendar year following the reference year. Article 4 Statistical units Statistics under this Regulation shall be compiled for the following statistical units: (a) persons; (b) vital events; (c) families; (d) households; (e) buildings intended for habitation; (f) living quarters, including institutions; (g) conventional dwellings. 12/28 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/ojEN OJ L, 12.12.2025 Article 5 Statistics requirements 1. European statistics on population and housing shall cover the following domains: (a) demography; (b) housing; (c) families and households. 2. Statistics in the domains listed in paragraph 1 shall be organised into data sets in accordance with the list of topics and detailed topics and their corresponding periodicity, reference times, data transmission deadlines and territorial levels, as set out in the Annex. Where the statistical unit is a person, the data sets shall be disaggregated at least by sex and age, save as provided for in footnote 1 of the Annex. Concerning the detailed topic ‘energy-related building characteristics’, the data to be transmitted on energy efficiency of buildings shall be restricted to the data available in the national database for energy performance of buildings, set up pursuant to Article 22 of Directive (EU) 2024/1275, of the relevant Member State. 3. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 16 to amend the list of detailed topics set out in the Annex. Where a delegated act introduces a new detailed topic, that delegated act may also include the relevant periodicity, reference time, transmission deadline and territorial level. Such delegated acts shall be adopted at least 18 months before the beginning of the relevant reference time. 4. Where the Commission exercises its power to adopt delegated acts pursuant to paragraph 3 of this Article, it shall ensure that: (a) the delegated acts are duly justified and do not impose a significant additional burden or cost on Member States or on the respondents; (b) feasibility or pilot studies as referred to in Article 13 are carried out and their results are taken into account before the adoption of any delegated act. 5. The Commission shall adopt implementing acts to specify the data sets and metadata to be transmitted to the Commission (Eurostat). Those implementing acts shall set out: (a) a list of variables, their technical specifications and breakdowns, provided that the territorial breakdowns are not more detailed than the territorial levels set out in the Annex; (b) detailed specifications of the statistical units and metadata; (c) statistical classifications to be used; (d) the technical formats for data sets and metadata transmission and further specifications, where needed and justified; (e) the technical specifications for dedicated adjustment categories referred to in Article 11(2). 6. Before the Commission adopts an implementing act pursuant to paragraph 5 of this Article, it shall assess the statistics related to persons and households already collected pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/1700. When adopting those implementing acts, the Commission shall give reasons justifying the inclusion of any variables and breakdowns already collected pursuant to that Regulation. Those implementing acts shall not require data that, by their nature, can only be collected directly from individuals. 7. The implementing acts adopted pursuant to paragraph 5 of this Article shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 17(2). ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj 13/28EN OJ L, 12.12.2025 They shall be adopted at least 18 months before the beginning of the relevant reference time, except in relation to: (a) the first reference times as set out in Article 6(5), for which the implementing acts shall be adopted at least 12 months before the beginning of the relevant reference time; and (b) the population and housing census, for which the implementing acts shall be adopted at least 24 months before the beginning of the year in which the reference date falls. The Commission shall ensure that those implementing acts do not impose a significant additional burden or cost on Member States or on the respondents. 8. Feasibility or pilot studies as referred to in Article 13 shall be carried out and their results shall be duly assessed and taken into account before any modification of the breakdowns referred to in paragraph 5, point (a), of this Article. 9. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 16 to supplement this Regulation by setting out the information to be provided by Member States for a maximum of three reference years, provided that the collection of additional data within the scope of this Regulation is deemed to be necessary for the purpose of addressing additional statistical data needs that cannot be otherwise fulfilled. In particular, the delegated acts referred to in this paragraph shall not result in an obligation to conduct a new statistical survey. Those delegated acts shall set out: (a) the detailed topics to be covered pursuant to this paragraph, related to the domains and topics specified in the Annex, and the reasons for such additional statistical data needs; (b) in relation to the detailed topics referred to in point (a), the periodicity, reference times, transmission deadlines and territorial levels. Those delegated acts shall not apply to reference times before 2030 and shall provide for a minimum of two years between the reference times for each additional data collection. Those delegated acts shall not introduce statistics requirements with reference times falling within the reference years referred to in Article 6(2). Feasibility or pilot studies as referred to in Article 13 shall be carried out and their results taken into account before the adoption of any delegated act pursuant to the first subparagraph of this paragraph. 10. The Commission shall adopt implementing acts to specify the additional information referred to in paragraph 9 and relevant metadata. Those implementing acts shall set out: (a) a list of variables, their technical specifications and breakdowns, provided that the territorial breakdowns are not more detailed than the territorial levels set out in the corresponding delegated act referred to in paragraph 9, second subparagraph, point (b), of this Article; (b) detailed specifications of the statistical units and metadata; (c) statistical classifications to be used; (d) the technical formats for data sets and metadata transmission and further specifications, where needed and justified. The implementing acts referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph shall be adopted, in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 17(2), by 18 months before the beginning of the relevant reference time. Feasibility or pilot studies as referred to in Article 13 shall be carried out and their results taken into account before the adoption of any implementing act. 11. The studies referred to in paragraph 4, point (b), in paragraph 8, in paragraph 9, fourth subparagraph, and in paragraph 10, third subparagraph, of this Article shall be financed in accordance with Article 14. 14/28 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/ojEN OJ L, 12.12.2025 Article 6 Periodicity and reference times 1. Member States shall produce European statistics on population and housing quarterly, annually and multi-annually, and in a decennial population and housing census. 2. Years ending with ‘1’ shall be the reference years for the decennial population and housing census. 3. Years ending with ‘1’, ‘5’ and ‘8’ shall be the reference years for multi-annual statistics. 4. The periodicity and reference time for each detailed topic shall be as set out in the Annex. 5. The first reference date for which annual statistics on the topic ‘population stocks’ are to be provided shall be 31 December 2027. The first reference date for which decennial statistics are to be provided shall be 31 December 2031. A Member State shall transmit the data on the energy performance of buildings, for the first time, at the latest 24 months from the date on which the national database for energy performance of buildings is available in that Member State in accordance with Article 22 of Directive (EU) 2024/1275. The first reference time for which any other statistics under this Regulation are to be provided shall be in 2028. Article 7 Data sets and metadata to be transmitted to the Commission 1. Member States shall transmit to the Commission (Eurostat) pre-checked data sets and metadata in accordance with the Annex, using a technical format to be specified by the Commission (Eurostat). Single entry point services shall be used to transmit the data sets and metadata to the Commission (Eurostat). 2. Where Member States publish data sets required by this Regulation at national level earlier than the transmission deadlines established in the Annex or in the delegated acts adopted pursuant to Article 5(9), Member States shall provide those data sets to the Commission (Eurostat) without undue delay, and in any event within 30 calendar days of the date of national publication or by the transmission deadlines established in the Annex or in those delegated acts, whichever is the earlier. 3. Member States shall transmit to the Commission (Eurostat): (a) revised data sets and metadata if a revision is conducted after the data sets required under this Regulation were initially provided; (b) revised data sets and metadata for relevant time series if a revision is conducted on data sets provided to the Commission (Eurostat) before the application of this Regulation. The Member States shall transmit to the Commission the revised data sets and metadata referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph within 14 calendar days of the revision, together with quality reporting in accordance with Article 11. Member States shall inform the Commission without undue delay of any decision to revise data sets or metadata as referred to in this paragraph. Article 8 Data sources and methods 1. Member States and the Commission (Eurostat) shall use one or more of the following data sources, provided that such data sources allow for the production of statistics that meet the quality requirements laid down in Article 11: (a) administrative data sources; (b) statistical surveys or other statistical data collections; (c) other sources including privately held data; (d) the use of data derived from data sharing among national statistical institutes and other national authorities included on the list referred to in Article 5(2) of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009, including those of other Member States, and between those institutes and authorities and the Commission (Eurostat), within the European Statistical System (ESS). ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj 15/28EN OJ L, 12.12.2025 2. In the event that a request submitted by a national statistical institute or the Commission (Eurostat) to a private data holder in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 concerns personal data from data sources referred to in paragraph 1, point (c), of this Article, that request shall be limited to the personal data categories covered by the domains and topics specified in the Annex to this Regulation or necessary for the statistical estimation methods in accordance with Article 3(6), point (b). 3. Member States shall aim to continuously develop innovative sources and methods and use them to improve statistics compiled under this Regulation, provided that they allow for the production of statistics that meet the quality requirements laid down in Article 11. 4. The statistics compiled under this Regulation shall be based on statistically sound and well-documented methods, taking into account international recommendations and best practice such as signs of life and other scientifically based statistical estimation methods used for compiling statistics on usually resident population in the Member States. Article 9 Timely access to, and use of, administrative data 1. Pursuant to Article 17a of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009, national public and semi-public bodies in charge of administrative data sources relevant for the purposes of this Regulation shall allow the use of data in a timely manner and with sufficient frequency to enable the production and transmission of statistics within the deadlines and in accordance with the specific quality requirements set out in this Regulation. The national statistical institutes and other national authorities included on the list referred to in Article 5(2) of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 and the national public and semi-public bodies in charge of the administrative records shall establish the necessary cooperation mechanisms to ensure access to those records in a timely manner and free of charge. 2. For the purpose of producing statistics on the detailed topic of energy-related building characteristics, national statistical institutes and other national authorities included on the list referred to in Article 5(2) of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 shall have timely and regular access to the national databases on energy performance of buildings in accordance with Directive (EU) 2024/1275 and shall be allowed to use administrative data from those databases. 3. For the purpose of producing population breakdowns by sex, national statistical institutes and other national authorities included on the list referred to in Article 5(2) of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 shall use information available in national administrative data sources. 4. For the purposes of this Regulation, the Commission (Eurostat) shall be allowed, upon request, to access and use in a timely manner relevant data and metadata from databases and interoperability systems maintained by Union bodies and agencies, including those established pursuant to Regulations (EU) No 910/2014 and (EU) No 2018/1724, and statistical data stored in the central repository for reporting and statistics (CRRS). In particular, the Commission (Eurostat) shall be allowed to access data from the CRRS originating from the interoperable large scale IT systems managed by the European Agency for the Operational Management of Large-Scale IT Systems in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (eu-LISA), in accordance with Regulations (EU) 2019/817 and (EU) 2019/818 and the Regulations establishing the systems whose statistical data are stored in the CRRS. To that end, the Commission (Eurostat) shall further cooperate with the relevant Union bodies and agencies with a view to specifying the customised statistical data and metadata required, where possible under Union law, for European statistics on population and housing, the operational arrangements for their provision and the necessary accompanying physical and logical safeguards. Article 10 Lists of countries and territories 1. Where data sets include information by country or territory, Member States shall use specific breakdowns for the purposes of this Regulation. 2. The Commission shall adopt implementing acts specifying or updating the lists of countries and territories that apply to breakdowns of statistics compiled under this Regulation. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 17(2) of this Regulation. 16/28 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/ojEN OJ L, 12.12.2025 3. Implementing acts amending more than 25 % of the breakdown categories of countries or territories shall apply at the earliest 18 months from their entry into force. Article 11 Quality requirements and quality reporting 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure the quality of the data sets and metadata transmitted, by assessing and monitoring: (a) the quality of the data sources used; (b) the exhaustiveness and accuracy of the population covered in accordance with Article 3(6), in particular with regard to hard-to-reach population groups. 2. Member States shall ensure that the data obtained using the sources and methods set out in Article 8 give an accurate estimate of the population in accordance with Article 3. Coverage quality of data on the basis of Article 3(6) shall be confirmed and thoroughly described by Member States in accompanying metadata and quality reports pursuant to paragraph 6 of this Article. Member States shall use the estimation methods carried out for total population at national level in accordance with Article 3(6), point (b), and described in the quality reports, to adjust all data sets for the detailed topics ‘the person’s basic characteristics’, ‘the person’s socioeconomic characteristics’ and ‘the person’s household situation’, prepared on the basis of sources referred to in Article 3(6), point (a). Member States may use those estimation methods for further detailed breakdowns. For that purpose, Member States may use a dedicated adjustment category. 3. For the purposes of this Regulation, the quality criteria referred to in Article 12(1) of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 shall apply. 4. Member States shall take appropriate and effective measures to: (a) establish frames that are fit for the purposes of this Regulation and that may be used for the purposes of Article 12 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1700; (b) avoid possible risks of undercounting or double counting related to the free movement of persons in the Union and, to the extent possible, to the access of persons to cross-border services linked to vital events and to the rights of persons to buy cross-border, own and use housing property across the Union, by using, inter alia, single digital identifiers; (c) avoid possible risks of undercounting or double counting and ensure better comparability of migration flows. 5. The Commission (Eurostat) shall assess the quality of the metadata on the specifications and of the data transmitted with a view, inter alia, to publishing them in a user-friendly manner on the Commission (Eurostat) website. 6. Member States shall transmit to the Commission (Eurostat), for the first time by 31 December 2030, and subsequently by 31 December of every year that ends with a ‘0’, ‘3’ or ‘7’, a quality report describing the quality of the statistics provided and the statistical processes for the data sets provided during the relevant period. Those quality reports shall include information on the data sources and methods used, the application of the concepts and definitions and related possible effects on quality of the selected data sources, the data revisions and their reasons and impacts, and the statistical disclosure control methods. The quality reports shall also detail how Member States have applied the measures referred to in paragraph 1 and how the quality criteria referred to in paragraph 3 have been met. 7. The Commission shall adopt implementing acts setting out the practical arrangements for, and the content of, the quality reports referred to in paragraph 6 of this Article. Those implementing acts shall not impose a significant additional burden or cost on Member States. They shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 17(2). ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj 17/28EN OJ L, 12.12.2025 8. Any major adaptation provided for by the implementing acts referred to in paragraph 7 of this Article may be the subject of financial and technical support pursuant to Article 14 or subject to a derogation pursuant to Article 18. 9. Member States shall inform the Commission (Eurostat) as soon as possible of any relevant information or changes with regard to the implementation of this Regulation that would influence the quality of the statistics provided and shall, in the event of a negative effect on the quality of those statistics, take action to resolve the issue without undue delay. 10. Upon a duly justified request by the Commission (Eurostat), Member States shall provide, without undue delay, necessary additional clarifications for the purpose of evaluating the quality of the statistical information, such as the assessment results of the data sources and the documentation of methods. Article 12 Data sharing 1. The purpose of data sharing among national statistical institutes and other national authorities included on the list referred to in Article 5(2) of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009, including those of other Member States, and between those institutes and authorities and the Commission (Eurostat) shall be exclusively to develop and produce European statistics that fall within the scope of this Regulation and to improve the quality of such European statistics. 2. For the purpose of ensuring secure data sharing within the ESS, with all necessary safeguards with regard to the physical, technical and logical protection of data, the Commission (Eurostat) shall set up a secure infrastructure to facilitate the data sharing referred to in paragraph 1. National statistical institutes and other national authorities included on the list referred to in Article 5(2) of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 may use that secure data sharing infrastructure for the purpose set out in paragraph 1. The Commission (Eurostat) and those institutes and authorities that use that secure data sharing infrastructure for the processing of personal data in accordance with paragraph 3 shall be considered as joint controllers for the processing of personal data in the secure data sharing infrastructure. In the event that those institutes and authorities use another data sharing infrastructure, they shall ensure that such infrastructure provides security that is at least equivalent to the security provided by the secure data sharing infrastructure set up by the Commission (Eurostat). 3. Sharing of confidential data within the meaning of Article 3, point (7), of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 or sharing of personal data pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 or (EU) 2018/1725 may take place on a voluntary basis provided that such sharing is: (a) based on a request justifying the necessity to share the data in each individual case, in particular with regard to the quality issues to be specifically addressed; (b) based on privacy-enhancing technologies that are specifically designed to implement the principles of Regulations (EU) 2016/679 and (EU) 2018/1725, with particular regard to purpose limitation, data minimisation, storage limitation, integrity and confidentiality; (c) carried out in accordance with Chapter V of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009. 4. For the purpose set out in paragraph 1, non-confidential data shall be shared among national statistical institutes and other national authorities included on the list referred to in Article 5(2) of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009, including those of other Member States, and between those institutes and authorities and the Commission (Eurostat). 5. The Commission (Eurostat) and the Member States shall test and assess, by means of pilot studies, the infrastructure for and fitness of relevant privacy-enhancing technologies for data sharing. 6. Where the pilot studies carried out pursuant to paragraph 5 of this Article identify effective and secure data sharing solutions for the purpose set out in paragraph 1 of this Article, the Commission may adopt implementing acts laying down technical specifications for the data sharing and measures for the confidentiality and security of information. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 17(2). 18/28 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/ojEN OJ L, 12.12.2025 Article 13 Pilot and feasibility studies 1. The Commission (Eurostat) shall, where necessary and appropriate for the purposes of this Regulation, launch pilot and feasibility studies with the aim of: (a) assessing the availability of data sources and their quality, including of publicly and privately held data at Union and national level; (b) developing, and assessing the feasibility of the implementation of, new detailed topics, new statistical units, and new variables and their breakdowns, as well as developing and assessing the feasibility of other matters covered by the delegated and implementing acts adopted pursuant to this Regulation; (c) assessing the availability of data sources on the disability of persons, and testing disaggregated statistics, in accordance with national law and practices on data protection and disclosure control; (d) developing new methodologies and statistical techniques to reinforce quality and to enhance information about hard-to-reach population groups; (e) reducing asymmetries in data of migration flows and ensuring better comparability of migration flows; (f) reducing possible undercounting or double counting of people; (g) testing and assessing the infrastructure for and fitness of relevant privacy enhancing technologies for secure data sharing within the ESS in accordance with Article 12(5). 2. Member States may participate in the pilot and feasibility studies referred to in paragraph 1 but shall, together with the Commission (Eurostat), ensure the representativeness of those studies at Union level. 3. The results of the pilot and feasibility studies referred to in paragraph 1 shall be evaluated by the Commission (Eurostat) in cooperation with the Member States. The Commission (Eurostat) shall prepare, in cooperation with the Member States, reports on the findings of those studies. Article 14 Financing 1. For the purpose of implementing this Regulation, a Union financial contribution shall be made available from the Single Market Programme established by Regulation (EU) 2021/690, in accordance with Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509, to the national statistical institutes and other national authorities included on the list referred to in Article 5(2) of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009, for: (a) adaptations of infrastructure and training in the national statistical system necessary for the development and implementation of new or enhanced: data sources, methodologies, data sharing, statistical units, topics, detailed topics, and variables and their breakdowns; (b) the preparation and implementation of additional statistical data collection as referred to in Article 5(9); (c) the participation of the Member States in representative pilot and feasibility studies referred to in Article 13. A financial contribution may also be made available from the general budget of the Union. 2. The amount of the Union financial contribution referred to in the first subparagraph of paragraph 1 shall be established in accordance with the rules of the Single Market Programme as part of the annual budgetary procedure, subject to the availability of funding. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj 19/28EN OJ L, 12.12.2025 National statistical institutes and other national authorities included on the list referred to in Article 5(2) of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 may also apply for support from other applicable Union financial programmes in accordance with the rules of such programmes. In addition, Member States may apply for support from the Technical Support Instrument to improve the quality of statistics and to develop methodologies in support of the requirements of this Regulation in accordance with the rules of the Technical Support Instrument and with its objective to foster the production, provision and quality monitoring of data and statistics. 3. The Union financial contribution referred to in paragraph 1 shall not exceed 90 % of the eligible costs. Article 15 Protection of the financial interests of the Union Where a third country participates in the actions financed under this Regulation by means of a decision adopted pursuant to an international agreement or on the basis of any other legal instrument, the third country shall grant the necessary rights and access required for the authorising officer responsible, the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF), the Court of Auditors and the European Public Prosecutor’s Office to comprehensively exercise their respective competences. In the case of OLAF, such rights shall include the right to carry out investigations, including on-the-spot checks and inspections, pursuant to Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 883/2013. Article 16 Exercise of the delegation 1. The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article. 2. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 5(3) and (9) shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of five years from 1 January 2026. The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of power no later than nine months before the end of that five-year period. The delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an identical duration, unless the European Parliament or the Council opposes such extension no later than three months before the end of each period. 3. The delegation of power referred to in Article 5(3) and (9) may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect on the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force. 4. Before adopting a delegated act, the Commission shall consult experts designated by each Member State in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making. 5. As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the Council. 6. A delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 5(3) or (9) shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or by the Council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by two months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council. Article 17 Committee procedure 1. The Commission shall be assisted by the European Statistical System Committee established by Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009. That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011. 2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply. 20/28 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/ojEN OJ L, 12.12.2025 Article 18 Derogations 1. Where the application of this Regulation, or the delegated or implementing acts adopted pursuant thereto, requires major adaptations to be made to a Member State’s national statistical system, the Commission may, by means of implementing acts, grant derogations to the Member States concerned, for a maximum of three years in accordance with the procedure set out in paragraphs 4 and 5. 2. Where there is sufficient evidence at the end of the period for which it was granted that a derogation as referred to in paragraph 1 remains justified, the Commission may, by means of an implementing act, grant a subsequent derogation for a maximum of three years in accordance with paragraphs 4 and 5. 3. When granting derogations pursuant to paragraph 1 or 2 of this Article, the Commission shall take into account the comparability of Member States’ statistics and the need for a timely calculation of the required representative and reliable statistical aggregates at European level. When granting such derogations, the Commission shall also ensure that the requirements related to statistics, metadata and quality covered by this Regulation, and covered, before the date of application of this Regulation, by Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 or by Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 862/2007, are continued without interruption. 4. Member States requesting a derogation under paragraph 1 shall submit a duly justified request to the Commission within three months of the date of the entry into force of the act concerned, or, in the case of a request for an extension pursuant to paragraph 2, six months before the end of the period for which the existing derogation has been granted. 5. The implementing acts referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 17(2). Article 19 Amendments to Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 is amended as follows: (1) the title is replaced by the following: ‘Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on European statistics on asylum and administrative and judicial procedures related to immigration legislation, and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 311/76 on the compilation of statistics on foreign workers’; (2) in Article 1, points (a) and (b) are deleted; (3) Article 2(1) is amended as follows: (a) points (a), (b) and (c) are deleted; (b) point (d) is replaced by the following: ‘(d) “citizenship” means citizenship as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Regulation (EU) 2025/2458 of the European Parliament and of the Council(*) (*) Regulation (EU) 2025/2458 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 November 2025 on European statistics on population and housing, amending Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 and repealing Regulations (EC) No 763/2008 and (EU) No 1260/2013 (OJ L, 2025/2458, 12.12.2025, ELI: http://data. europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj).’; (c) points (f) and (g) are deleted. (4) Article 3 is deleted; (5) the following article is inserted: ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj 21/28EN OJ L, 12.12.2025 ‘Article 9c Timely access to, and use of, administrative data 1. Pursuant to Article 17a of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009, national public and semi-public bodies in charge of administrative data sources relevant for the purposes of this Regulation shall allow the use of data in a timely manner and with sufficient frequency to enable the production and transmission of statistics within the deadlines and in accordance with the specific quality requirements set out in this Regulation. The national statistical institutes and other national authorities included on the list referred to in Article 5(2) of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 and the national public and semi-public bodies in charge of the administrative records shall establish the necessary cooperation mechanisms to ensure access to those records in a timely manner and free of charge. 2. For the purposes of this Regulation, the Commission (Eurostat) shall be allowed, upon request, to access and use in a timely manner relevant data and metadata from databases and interoperability systems maintained by Union bodies and agencies, including those established pursuant to Regulations (EU) No 910/2014(*)and (EU) 2018/1724(**)of the European Parliament and of the Council, and statistical data stored in the central repository for reporting and statistics (CRRS). In particular, the Commission (Eurostat) shall be allowed to access data from the CRRS originating from the interoperable large scale IT systems managed by the European Agency for the Operational Management of Large-Scale IT Systems in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (eu-LISA), in accordance with Regulations (EU) 2019/817(***) and (EU) 2019/818(****)of the European Parliament and of the Council and the Regulations establishing the systems whose statistical data are stored in the CRRS. To that end, the Commission (Eurostat) shall further cooperate with the relevant Union bodies and agencies with a view to specifying the customised statistical data and metadata required, where possible under Union law, for European statistics on population and housing, the operational arrangements for their provision and the necessary accompanying physical and logical safeguards. (*) Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC (OJ L 257, 28.8.2014, p. 73, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/910/oj). (**) Regulation (EU) 2018/1724 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 2 October 2018 establishing a single digital gateway to provide access to information, to procedures and to assistance and problem-solving services and amending Regulation (EU) No 1024/2012 (OJ L 295, 21.11.2018, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/ reg/2018/1724/oj). (***) Regulation (EU) 2019/817 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2019 on establishing a framework for interoperability between EU information systems in the field of borders and visa and amending Regulations (EC) No 767/2008, (EU) No 2016/399, (EU) 2017/2226, (EU) 2018/1240, (EU) 2018/1726 and (EU) 2018/1861 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Decisions 2004/512/EC and 2008/633/JHA (OJ L 135, 22.5.2019, p. 27, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/817/oj). (****)Regulation (EU) 2019/818 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2019 on establishing a framework for interoperability between EU information systems in the field of police and judicial cooperation, asylum and migration and amending Regulations (EU) 2018/1726, (EU) 2018/1862 and (EU) 2019/816 (OJ L 135, 22.5.2019, p. 85, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/818/oj).’; (6) the following article is inserted: ‘Article 10a Lists of countries and territories The lists of countries and territories referred to in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2025/2458 shall be applied for the compilation of statistics under this Regulation to ensure comparability of country-specific and territory-specific details across European statistics. Member States shall apply those lists for the first time to compile statistics required under this Regulation, starting with data transmissions for the reference year 2028.’. 22/28 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/ojEN OJ L, 12.12.2025 Article 20 Repeal Regulations (EC) No 763/2008 and (EU) No 1260/2013 are repealed with effect from 1 January 2028, without prejudice to the obligations set out in those legal acts with regard to reference periods that fall, in whole or in part, before that date. References to the repealed Regulations referred to in the first paragraph shall be construed as references to this Regulation. Article 21 Entry into force and application This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. It shall apply from 1 January 2028. This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. Done at Strasbourg, 26 November 2025. For the European Parliament For the Council The President The President R. METSOLA M. BJERRE ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj 23/28ANNEX Domains, topics and detailed topics with periodicity, reference time, transmission deadline and territorial level per detailed topic Reference time (date or Domain Topic Detailed topic Periodicity Transmission deadline Territorial level period) Demography Population stocks The person’s basic characteristics A 31.12.YY T+ 60 days National(1) T+6 months National(2) +(3) T+10 months(4) NUTS 3 T+12 months(5) Grid(2) MA 31.12.YY T+18 months(5) NUTS 3 MA 31.12.YY T+24 months LAU D 31.12.YY T+18 months(5) NUTS 3 D 31.12.YY T+24 months LAU The person’s socioeconomic MA 31.12.YY T+18 months(5) NUTS 3 + Grid(6) characteristics MA 31.12.YY T+24 months LAU D 31.12.YY T+24 months NUTS 3 + LAU 24/28 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj EN OJ L, 12.12.2025Reference time (date or Domain Topic Detailed topic Periodicity Transmission deadline Territorial level period) Fertility Live births Q Month T+60 days National(1) A Year T+10 months(4) NUTS 3 + LAU Legally induced abortions(6) A Year T+12 months National Mortality Deaths Q Month, Week(6) T+60 days National(2) A Year T+10 months(4) NUTS 3 + LAU Infant deaths A Year T+9 months(4) National Late foetal deaths(6) A Year T+12 months National Partnerships Marriages and registered partnerships A Year T+12 months National Characteristics of persons entering A Year T+12 months National a marriage or registered partnership Divorces and terminated registered A Year T+12 months National partnerships ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj 25/28 OJ L, 12.12.2025 ENReference time (date or Domain Topic Detailed topic Periodicity Transmission deadline Territorial level period) Migration Immigrants Q Month T+120 days National(1) A Year T+6 months National(2) T+12 months NUTS 3 Emigrants A Year T+6 months National(2) T+12 months NUTS 3 Internal migration A Year T+12 months NUTS 3 Acquisition and loss of Persons who acquired citizenship A Year T+9 months National citizenship of Member State and the Union Persons who lost/gave up citizenship A Year T+9 months(4) National Housing Living quarters Living quarters characteristics D 31.12.YY T+24 months NUTS 3 + LAU Conventional dwellings Basic building characteristics MA 31.12.YY T+24 months NUTS 3 + LAU + Grid D 31.12.YY T+24 months NUTS 3 + LAU Energy-related building A (from 2035 31.12.YY T+12 months NUTS 3 characteristics(7) onward) MA 31.12.YY T+18 months(5) NUTS 3 + Grid D 31.12.YY T+24 months NUTS 3 + LAU 26/28 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj EN OJ L, 12.12.2025Reference time (date or Domain Topic Detailed topic Periodicity Transmission deadline Territorial level period) Occupied conventional Characteristics of occupied D 31.12.YY T+24 months NUTS 3 dwellings conventional dwellings Usage of occupied conventional D 31.12.YY T+24 months NUTS 3 dwellings Families and Families Family characteristics D 31.12.YY T+24 months NUTS 3 + LAU households Households Household characteristics A 31.12.YY T+24 months National MA 31.12.YY T+24 months NUTS 3 + LAU The person’s household situation A 31.12.YY T+24 months NUTS 3 D 31.12.YY T+24 months NUTS 3 + LAU (1) First estimate of total figure at national level. (2) First estimate, breakdowns limited to age and sex. (3) The total population at national level in this data set is the figure provided by the Commission to the Council pursuant to Article 3(7). (4) T+12 months until 2035. (5) T+24 months until 2035. (6) To be provided on a voluntary basis. (7) Pursuant to Article 6(5) of this Regulation, a Member State shall transmit the data on the energy performance of buildings, for the first time, at the latest 24 months from the date on which the national database for energy performance of buildings set up pursuant to Article 22 of Directive (EU) 2024/1275 is available in that Member State. Pursuant to Article 5(2), second subparagraph, of this Regulation, the data on energy efficiency of buildings shall be restricted to the data available in this national database. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj 27/28 OJ L, 12.12.2025 ENKey for column headed ‘Periodicity’ Quarterly Q Annual A Multi-annual (years ending with ‘1’, ‘5’, ‘8’) MA Decennial (years ending with ‘1’) D 28/28 ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2458/oj EN OJ L, 12.12.2025