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18.10.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 266/31
Only the original UN/ECE texts have legal effect under international public law. The status and date of entry into force of this Regulation should be
checked in the latest version of the UN/ECE status document TRANS/WP.29/343, available at:
http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29fdocstts.html
Regulation No 80 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) —
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of seats of large passenger vehicles and of these
vehicles with regard to the strength of the seats and their anchorages 2019/1724
Incorporating all valid text up to:
Supplement 3 to the 03 series of amendments — Date of entry into force: 10 February 2018
CONTENTS
REGULATION
1. Scope
2. Definitions
3. Application for approval
4. Approval
5. Requirements for seats
6. Requirements for seat anchorages of a vehicle type
7. Requirements for installation of seats in a vehicle type
8. Conformity of production
9. Penalties for non-conformity of production
10. Modification and extension of approval of the seat type and/or the vehicle type
11. Production definitively discontinued
12. Transitional provisions
13. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of Type Approval
Authorities
APPENDICES
1. Test procedures for seats according to paragraph 5 and/or anchorages according to paragraph 6.1.2 and/or the
installation of side-facing seats according to paragraph 3 of Appendix 7
2. Test procedure for the anchorages of a vehicle in application of paragraph 6.1.1
3. Measurements to be made
4. Determination of acceptability criteria
5. Static test requirements and procedure
6. Energy absorption characteristics of the rear part of seat backs
7. Requirements for the safeguarding of passengers in side-facing seats according to paragraph 7.4.4
ANNEXES
1. Communication concerning the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production defini
tively discontinued of a seat type or types with regard to its (their) strength, pursuant to Regulation No 80
2. Communication concerning the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production defini
tively discontinued of a type of vehicle with regard to the strength of the seat anchorages pursuant to Regulation
No 80
3. Arrangements of approval marks
4. Procedure for determining the ‘H’ point and the actual torso angle for seating position in motor vehiclesL 266/32 EN Official Journal of the European Union 18.10.2019
1. SCOPE
1.1. This Regulation applies to:
(a) Passenger seats for forward-facing installation in vehicles of categories M and M , of Classes II, III and B (1);
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(b) Vehicles of categories M and M of Classes II, III and B (1) in respect of their passenger seat anchorages and
2 3
seat installation.
(c) It does not apply to rearward-facing seats or to any head restraint fitted to these seats.
1.2. At the request of the manufacturer, vehicles of category M (1) approved to Regulation No 17 shall be deemed
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to meet the requirements of this Regulation.
1.3. Vehicles where some seats benefit from the derogation provided in paragraph 7.4 to Regulation No 14 shall be
approved to this Regulation.
1.4. The installation of side-facing seats shall be prohibited in vehicles of categories M (of class II, III and B) and M
2 3
(of class II, III and B) with the exception of vehicles of category M (of class II, III and B) of a technically
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permissible maximum laden mass exceeding 10 tonnes provided the requirements of paragraph 7.4 are met.
1.5. Paragraph 1.4 shall not apply to ambulances or to vehicles intended for use by the armed services, civil
defence, fire services and forces responsible for maintaining public order.
2. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Regulation:
2.1. ‘Approval of a seat’ means an approval of a seat type as a component in relation to the protection of the
occupants of forward-facing seats with regard to their strength and the design of the seat backs;
2.2. ‘Approval of a vehicle’ means an approval of a vehicle type with regard to the strength of the parts of the
vehicle structure to which seats are to be secured, and with regard to the installation of seats;
2.3. ‘Seat type’ means seats which do not differ essentially with respect to the following characteristics likely to
affect their strength and their aggressiveness:
2.3.1. Structure, shape, dimensions and materials of the load bearing parts;
2.3.2. Types and dimensions of the seat back adjustment and locking system;
2.3.3. Dimensions, structure and materials of the attachments and supports (e.g. legs);
2.4. ‘Vehicle type’ means vehicles which do not differ essentially in respect of:
2.4.1. The constructional features relevant to this Regulation; and,
2.4.2. The type or types of type approved seat(s) fitted to the vehicle, if any.
2.5. ‘Seat’ means a structure likely to be anchored to the vehicle structure, including its trim and attachment fittings,
intended to be used in a vehicle, and to seat one or more adult persons. Depending on its orientation, a seat is
defined as follows:
2.5.1. ‘Forward-facing seat’ means a seat which can be used while the vehicle is in motion and which faces towards
the front of the vehicle in such a manner that the vertical plane of symmetry of the seat forms an angle of less
than +10 ° or -10 ° with the vertical plane of symmetry of the vehicle.
(1) As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3.), document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.6, para. 2 —
http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29resolutions.html18.10.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 266/33
2.5.2. ‘Rearward-facing seat’ means a seat which can be used while the vehicle is in motion and which faces towards
the rear of the vehicle in such a manner that the vertical plane of symmetry of the seat forms an angle of less
than +10 ° or -10 ° with the vertical plane of symmetry of the vehicle.
2.5.3. ‘Side-facing seat’ means a seat which can be used whilst the vehicle is in motion and which faces towards the
side of the vehicle in such a manner that the vertical plane of symmetry of the seat forms an angle of 90 °
(± 10 °) with the vertical plane of symmetry of the vehicle;
2.6. ‘Individual seat’ means a seat designed and constructed for the accommodation of one seated passenger;
2.7. ‘Double seat’ means a seat designed and constructed for the accommodation of two seated passengers side by
side; two seats side by side and having no interconnection shall be regarded as two individual seats;
2.8. ‘Row of seats’ means a seat designed and constructed for the accommodation of three or more seated passen
gers side by side; several individual or double seats arranged side by side shall not be regarded as a row of seats;
2.9. ‘Seat cushion’ means the part of the seat which is arranged almost horizontally and designed to support
a seated passenger;
2.10. ‘Seat-back’ means the part of the seat that is almost vertical, designed to support the passenger’s back, shoul
ders and, possibly, his head;
2.11. ‘Adjustment system’ means the device by which the seat or its parts can be adjusted to a position suited to the
seated occupant;
2.12. ‘Displacement system’ means a device enabling the seat or one of its parts to be displaced laterally or longitudi
nally without a fixed intermediate position of the seat or one of its parts, to facilitate access by passengers;
2.13. ‘Locking system’ means a device ensuring that the seat and its parts are maintained in the position of use;
2.14. ‘Anchorage’ means a part of the floor or of the body of a vehicle to which a seat may be fixed;
2.15. ‘Attachment fittings’ means bolts or other components used to attach the seat to the vehicle;
2.16. ‘Trolley’ means the test equipment made and used for dynamic reproduction of road accidents involving frontal
collision;
2.17. ‘Auxiliary seat’ means a seat for the manikin mounted on the trolley to the rear of the seat to be tested. This
seat shall be representative of the seat to be used in the vehicle behind the seat to be tested;
2.18. ‘Reference plane’ means the plane passing through the points of contact of the heels of the manikin, used for
the determination of the H point and the actual angle of torso for the seating position of motor vehicles
according to the prescriptions of Annex 4;
2.19. ‘Reference height’ means the height of the top of the seat above the reference plane;
2.20. ‘Manikin’, a manikin corresponding to the specifications for HYBRID II or III (2) for forward-facing seats; or
a manikin corresponding to the specifications for side impact dummy according to Regulation No 95, Annex 6
for side facing seats;
2.21. ‘Reference zone’, means the space between two vertical longitudinal planes, 400 mm apart and symmetrical
with respect to the H-point, and defined by rotation from vertical to horizontal of the headform apparatus,
described in Regulation No 21, Annex 1. The apparatus shall be positioned as described in that annex to Regu
lation No 21 and set to its maximum length of 840 mm and its minimum length of 736 mm for residual
limitation of said space;
(2) The technical specifications and detailed drawings of HYBRID II and III, corresponding to the principal dimensions of the fiftieth per
centile male of the United States of America, and the specifications for its adjustment for this test are deposited with the Secretary-
General of the United Nations and may be consulted on request at the secretariat of the Economic Commission for Europe, Palais des
Nations, Geneva, Switzerland.L 266/34 EN Official Journal of the European Union 18.10.2019
2.22. ‘3-point belt’ for the purposes of this Regulation also includes belts with more than three anchorage points;
2.23. ‘Seat spacing’ means, in the case of seats facing in the same direction, the distance between the front of a seat
squab and the back of the seat squab of the seat preceding it, measured horizontally at the height of 620 mm
above the floor.
3. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL
3.1. The application for approval of a seat shall be submitted by the seat manufacturer or by his duly accredited
representative.
3.2. The application for approval of the vehicle shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his duly
accredited representative.
3.3. The application for approval of a seat or a vehicle shall be accompanied by the following documents in tripli
cate and the following particulars:
3.3.1. For approval of a seat:
3.3.1.1. A detailed description of the seat, its attachment fittings and its adjustment, displacement and locking systems;
3.3.1.2. Drawings, on an appropriate scale and in sufficient detail, of the seat, its attachment fittings and adjustment,
displacement and locking systems;
3.3.2. For approval of a vehicle:
3.3.2.1. A detailed description of the parts of the structure of the vehicle used as anchorages;
3.3.2.2. Drawings, on an appropriate scale and in sufficient detail, of the parts of the vehicle used as anchorages.
3.4. The following shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for the approval tests:
3.4.1. Two seats representative of the type to be approved, in the case of approval of a seat;
3.4.2. A part of the vehicle structure, in the case of approval of a vehicle.
4. APPROVAL
4.1. If the seat submitted for approval under this Regulation meets the relevant requirements of paragraph 5 below,
approval of that seat type shall be granted.
4.2. If the vehicle submitted for approval under this Regulation meets the relevant requirements of paragraphs 6
and 7 below, approval of that vehicle type shall be granted.
4.3. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 03, corresponding
to the 03 series of amendments) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major
technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party
shall not assign the same number to any other seat type or any other vehicle type.
4.4. Notice of approval or of extension or refusal of approval of a seat type and/or a vehicle type pursuant to this
Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation, by means of
a form conforming to the model in Annex 1 and/or Annex 2 to this Regulation.
4.5. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place specified on the approval form, to every
seat conforming to a seat type approved under this Regulation and to every vehicle conforming to a vehicle
type approved under this Regulation an international approval mark consisting of:
4.5.1. A circle surrounding the letter ‘E’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted
approval (3);
(3) The distinguishing numbers of the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement are reproduced in Annex 3 to Consolidated Resolution
on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev. 6, Annex 3 — http://www.unece.org/trans/main/
wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29resolutions.html18.10.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 266/35
4.5.2. The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter R, a dash and the approval number, placed to the right of
the circle prescribed in paragraph 4.5.1.
4.6. The approval mark shall be clearly legible and shall be indelible.
4.7. As the case may be, the approval mark shall be placed on the seat or seats or on, or close to, the data plate
affixed to the vehicle by the manufacturer.
4.8. Examples of arrangements of approval marks are given in Annex 3.
5. REQUIREMENTS FOR SEATS
5.1. Each type of forward-facing seat shall be subject to the test requirements of either Appendix 1 (dynamic test) or
Appendices 5 and 6 (static test) at the request of the manufacturer.
5.2. The tests which the seat type has passed shall be recorded in the communication form concerning the approval
of a seat type and conforming to the model in Annex 1.
5.3. Every adjustment and displacement system provided shall incorporate a locking system, which shall operate
automatically.
5.4. The adjustment and locking systems shall not be required to be in full working order after the test.
5.5. A head restraint shall be mounted on every outboard front seat in every vehicle of category M with a maxi
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mum mass not exceeding 3 500 kg. This head restraint shall comply with the requirements of UN Regulation
No 25, as amended by the 04 series of amendments.
6. REQUIREMENTS FOR SEAT ANCHORAGES OF A VEHICLE TYPE
6.1. The anchorages for the seats of the vehicle shall be capable of withstanding:
6.1.1. Either the test described in Appendix 2;
6.1.2. Or, if a seat is mounted on the part of the vehicle structure being tested, the tests prescribed in Appendix 1.
The seat need not to be an approved seat provided that it satisfies the requirements of paragraph 3.2.1 of the
abovementioned appendix.
6.2. Permanent deformation, including breakage, of an anchorage or of the surrounding area shall be permissible
provided that the prescribed force has been sustained throughout the prescribed period.
6.3. When there is more than one type of anchorage on a vehicle, each variant shall be tested in order to obtain an
approval for the vehicle.
6.4. One test may be used to approve simultaneously a seat and a vehicle.
6.5. In the case of vehicles of category M , seat anchorages shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of
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paragraphs 6.1 and 6.2 if the safety-belt anchorages of the corresponding seating positions are fitted directly to
the seats to be installed and these belt anchorages comply with the requirements of Regulation No 14, if neces
sary with the derogation provided in paragraph 7.4.
7. REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTALLATION OF SEATS IN A VEHICLE TYPE
7.1. All forward-facing seats installed shall be approved to the requirements of paragraph 5 of this Regulation and
subject to the following conditions:
7.1.1. The seat shall have a reference height of at least 1 m; and
7.1.2. The H-point of the seat immediately behind shall be less than 72 mm higher than the H-point of the seat in
question or, if the seat behind has the H-point more than 72 mm higher, the seat in question shall be tested
and approved for installation in such a position.
7.2. When approved to Appendix 1, Test 1 and 2 shall apply, except as follows:
7.2.1. Test 1 shall not apply where the rear of the seat cannot be struck by an unrestrained passenger (i.e. there is no
forward or side-facing seat directly behind the seat to be tested).L 266/36 EN Official Journal of the European Union 18.10.2019
7.2.2. Test 2 shall not apply:
7.2.2.1. If the rear of the seat cannot be struck by a restrained passenger; or
7.2.2.2. If the seat behind is a forward-facing seat fitted with a 3-point belt with anchorages that comply fully with
Regulation No 14 (without derogation); or
7.2.2.3. If the seat fulfils the requirements of Appendix 6 to this Regulation.
7.3. When approved to Appendices 5 and 6, all tests shall apply, except as follows:
7.3.1. The test of Appendix 5 shall not apply if the rear of the seat cannot be struck by an unrestrained passenger (i.e.
there is no forward or side-facing seat directly behind the seat to be tested).
7.3.2. The test of Appendix 6 shall not apply:
7.3.2.1. If the rear of the seat cannot be struck by a restrained passenger; or
7.3.2.2. If the seat behind is a forward-facing seat fitted with a 3-point belt with anchorages that comply fully with
Regulation No 14 (without derogation).
7.4. The installation of side-facing seats shall be subject to the following conditions:
7.4.1. The seat shall have a reference height of at least 1 m;
7.4.2. The plane through the H-points of adjacent side-facing seats shall be parallel to the reference plane;
7.4.3. The horizontal distance between the H-point lines of two adjacent side facing seats shall not exceed 725 mm
and shall not be less than 450 mm, measured horizontally between the vertical longitudinal planes passing
through the centres of these seating positions, (see Appendix 7, Figure 1); and
7.4.4. The passengers in side-facing seats shall be safeguarded by a vehicle part (e.g. partition, wall or seat back of
a forward-facing seat) forward of the foremost side-facing seat. This vehicle part shall meet the requirements of
Appendix 7. It shall maintain its safeguard function during testing.
8. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
The conformity of production procedures shall comply with those set out in the Agreement, Appendix 2
(E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2), with the following requirements:
8.1. Seats and or vehicles approved to this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved
by meeting the requirements set out in paragraphs 5, 6 and 7 above.
8.2. In order to verify that the requirements of paragraph 8.1 are met, suitable controls of the production shall be
carried out. In this case, suitable controls mean checking the dimensions of the product as well as the existence
of procedures for the effective control of the quality of products.
8.3. The competent authority which has granted the Type Approval may at any time verify the conformity control
methods applicable to each production unit and carry out on samples any test deemed necessary among the
tests carried out for the approval. The normal frequency of these verifications shall be once a year.
9. PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
9.1. The approval granted in respect of a seat type and/or a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation may be with
drawn if the requirements set forth above are not met.
9.2. If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously
granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation, by means of
a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 and/or Annex 2 to this Regulation.18.10.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 266/37
10. MODIFICATION AND EXTENSION OF APPROVAL OF THE SEAT TYPE AND/OR THE VEHICLE TYPE
10.1. Every modification of the seat type and/or the vehicle type shall be notified to the Type Approval Authority
which approved the seat type and/or the vehicle type. The authority may then either:
10.1.1. Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the
seat and/or the vehicle still complies with the requirements; or
10.1.2. Require a further test report from the Technical Service responsible for conducting the tests.
10.2. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations shall be communicated by the procedure speci
fied in paragraph 4.4 above to the Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation.
10.3. The Type Approval Authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an exten
sion and inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of
a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 and/or Annex 2 to this Regulation.
11. PRODUCTION DEFINITIVELY DISCONTINUED
If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a vehicle type approved in accordance with this
Regulation, he shall so inform the authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant commu
nication that authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation
by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 and or Annex 2 to this Regulation.
12. TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
12.1. As from the official date of entry into force of the 02 series of amendments, no Contracting Party applying this
Regulation shall refuse to grant approvals under this Regulation as amended by the 02 series of amendments.
12.2. As from 1 November 2012 Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall grant approvals only if the
requirements of this Regulation, as amended by the 02 series of amendments, are satisfied.
12.3. As from 1 November 2014, approvals granted in conformity to this Regulation shall cease to be valid, except
those granted in conformity with the requirements of this Regulation as amended by the 02 series of
amendments.
12.4. As from 1 November 2014, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation may refuse first national or regional
registration (first entry into service) of a vehicle which has not been type approved in conformity with the
requirements of the 02 series of amendments to this Regulation.
12.5. Even after the date of entry into force of the 02 series of amendments, approvals of the components to the 01
series of amendments to this Regulation shall remain valid and Contracting Parties applying this Regulation
shall continue to accept them and shall not refuse to grant extensions of approval to the 01 series of amend
ments to this Regulation.
12.6. As from the official date of entry into force of the 03 series of amendments, no Contracting Party applying this
Regulation shall refuse to grant approvals under this Regulation as amended by the 03 series of amendments.
12.7. As from 24 months after the date of entry into force of the 03 series of amendments Contracting Parties
applying this Regulation shall grant approvals for new vehicle types only if the requirements of this Regulation,
as amended by the 03 series of amendments, are satisfied.
12.8. Starting 60 months after the entry into force of the 03 series of amendments to this Regulation, Contracting
Parties applying this Regulation may refuse national or regional type approval and may refuse first national or
regional registration (first entry into service) of a vehicle which does not meet the requirements of the 03 series
of amendments to this Regulation.
12.9. Even after the date of entry into force of the 03 series of amendments, approvals of components to the 01 or
02 series of amendments to this Regulation shall remain valid and Contracting Parties applying this Regulation
shall continue to accept them and shall not refuse to grant extensions of approval to the 01 or 02 series of
amendments to this Regulation.L 266/38 EN Official Journal of the European Union 18.10.2019
13. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF TECHNICAL SERVICES RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING APPROVAL TESTS AND OF
TYPE APPROVAL AUTHORITIES
The Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations Secre
tariat the names and addresses of the Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of the
Type Approval Authorities which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or extension or refusal
or withdrawal of approval, issued in other countries, are to be sent.18.10.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 266/39
APPENDIX 1
Test procedures for seats according to paragraph 5 and/or anchorages according to paragraph 6.1.2
and/or the installation of side-facing seats according to paragraph 3 of Appendix 7
1. REQUIREMENTS
1.1. The tests are to determine:
1.1.1. If the seat occupant(s) is (are) correctly retained by the seat(s) in front of him (them) and/or by the use of
a safety belt.
1.1.1.1. This requirement shall be considered satisfied if the forward movement of any part of the trunk and the head
of the manikin does not pass beyond the transversal vertical plane situated at 1,6 m from the R point of the
auxiliary seat;
1.1.2. If the seat occupant(s) is (are) not seriously injured.
1.1.2.1. This requirement shall be considered satisfied if the following biomechanical acceptability criteria for the
instrumented manikin, determined in accordance with Appendix 4, are met; that is:
1.1.2.2. For a manikin in an auxiliary forward-facing seat the following biomechanical acceptability criteria have to be
met:
1.1.2.2.1. The head injury criterion HIC is less than 500;
1.1.2.2.2. The thorax acceptability criterion (ThAC) is less than 30 g except for periods totalling less than 3 ms
(g = 9,81 m/s2);
1.1.2.2.3. The femur acceptability criterion (FAC) is less than 10 kN and the value of 8 kN is not exceeded for periods
totalling more than 20 ms;
1.1.2.3. For a manikin in an auxiliary side-facing seat the following biomechanical acceptability criteria have to be
met:
1.1.2.3.1. The head injury criterion HIC is less than 500;
1.1.2.3.2. The thorax acceptability criteria:
(a) Rib Deflection Criterion (RDC) less than or equal to 42 mm;
(b) Soft Tissue Criterion (VC) less or equal to 1,0 m/sec;
1.1.2.3.3. The pelvis acceptability criterion:
Pubic Symphysis Peak Force (PSPF) less than or equal to 6 kN;
1.1.2.3.4. The abdomen acceptability criterion:
Abdominal Peak Force (APF) less than or equal to 2,5 kN internal force (equivalent to external force of
4,5 kN).
1.1.3. If the seat and the seat mountings are strong enough.
1.1.3.1. This requirement shall be considered satisfied if:
1.1.3.1.1. No part of the seat, the seat mountings or the accessories becomes completely detached during the test;
1.1.3.1.2. The seat remains firmly held, even if one or more anchorages are partly detached, and all the locking systems
remain locked during the whole duration of the test;
1.1.3.1.3. After the test no structural part of the seat or accessories has any fracture or sharp or pointed edges or
corners likely to cause any bodily injury.L 266/40 EN Official Journal of the European Union 18.10.2019
1.2. All fittings forming part of the back of the seat or accessories thereto shall be such as to be unlikely to cause
any bodily injury to a passenger during impact. This requirement shall be considered satisfied if any part
contactable by a sphere 165 mm in diameter presents a radius of curvature of at least 5 mm.
1.2.1. If any part of the fittings and accessories referred to above is made of a material of hardness less than
50 Shore A on a rigid backing, the requirements set out in paragraph 1.2 above shall apply only to the rigid
backing.
1.2.2. The parts of the back of the seat such as adjustment devices for the seat and accessories shall not be subject
to any requirements of paragraph 1.2 if in the position of rest they are situated below a horizontal plane
400 mm above the reference plane, even if the occupant might enter into contact with them.
2. PREPARATION OF THE SEAT TO BE TESTED
2.1. The seat to be tested shall be mounted:
2.1.1. Either on a testing platform representative of the body of a vehicle,
2.1.2. Or on a rigid testing platform.
2.2. The anchorage on the testing platform provided for the test seat(s) shall be identical to or have the same
characteristics as that used in vehicle(s) in which the seat is intended to be used.
2.3. The seat to be tested shall be complete with all upholstery and accessories. If the seat is fitted with a table, it
shall be in the stowed position.
2.4. If adjustable laterally, the seat shall be positioned for maximum extension.
2.5. If adjustable, the seat back shall be adjusted so that the resulting inclination of the torso of the manikin used
for determining the H-point and the actual torso angle for seating positions in motor vehicles is as close as
possible to that recommended by the manufacturer for normal use or, in the absence of any particular rec
ommendation by the manufacturer, as near as possible to 25 ° towards the rear in relation to the vertical.
2.6. If the seat back is equipped with a head restraint adjustable for height, it shall be in its lowest position.
2.7. Safety-belts of an approved type, conforming to Regulation No 16 and mounted on anchorages installed
according to Regulation No 14 (including, if appropriate, the derogation provided in paragraph 7.4 to that
Regulation) shall be fitted to both the auxiliary seat and the seat to be tested.
3. DYNAMIC TESTS
3.1. Test 1
The testing platform shall be mounted on a trolley.
3.2. Auxiliary seat
The auxiliary seat may be of the same type as the seat being tested and shall be located parallel to and
directly behind the seat being tested. The two seats shall be at the same height, adjusted identically and on
a seat spacing of 750 mm.
3.2.1. If an auxiliary seat of a different type is used this shall be mentioned in the communication form concerning
the approval of a seat type and in conformity to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
3.3. Manikin
3.3.1. The manikin shall be placed unrestrained on the auxiliary seat so that its plane of symmetry corresponds to
the plane of symmetry of the seating position in question.18.10.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 266/41
3.3.2. Irrespective of the seating position of the dummy, the angle between the upper arm and the torso arm refer
ence line on each side shall be 40 ° ± 5 °. The torso arm reference line is defined as the intersection of the
plane tangential to the front surface of the ribs and the longitudinal vertical plane of the dummy containing
the arm. The legs shall be extended to the maximum and shall, if possible, be parallel; the heels shall touch
the floor.
3.3.3. Each manikin required shall be installed on a seat in accordance with the following procedure:
3.3.3.1. The manikin shall be placed on the seat as close as possible to the desired position,
3.3.3.2. A flat rigid surface 76 mm × 76 mm in area shall be placed as low as possible against the front of the
manikin’s torso,
3.3.3.3. The flat surface shall be pressed horizontally against the manikin’s torso at a load of between 25 and 35
daN:
3.3.3.3.1. The torso shall be drawn forward by the shoulders to the vertical position, then laid back against the seat
back. This operation shall be performed twice;
3.3.3.3.2. Without the torso moving, the head shall be placed in a position such that the platform supporting the
measuring instruments contained in the head is horizontal and that the median sagittal plane of the head is
parallel to that of the vehicle (for side-facing seats, the median sagittal plane of the head shall be parallel to
the vertical median plane of the seat).
3.3.3.4. The flat surface be carefully removed,
3.3.3.5. The manikin shall be moved forward on the seat and the installation procedure described above repeated,
3.3.3.6. If necessary, the position of the lower members shall be corrected,
3.3.3.7. The measuring instruments installed shall not in any way affect the movement of the manikin during impact,
3.3.3.8. The temperature of the system of measuring instruments shall be stabilised before the test and maintained so
far as possible within a range between 19 °C and 26 °C.
3.4. Impact simulation
3.4.1. The total velocity change of the trolley simulating the impact shall be between 30 and 32 km/h.
3.4.2. The deceleration or, at the choice of the applicant, acceleration of the trolley during the impact simulation
shall be in accordance with the provisions shown in the figure below. Except for intervals totalling less than 3
ms, the curve of the trolley’s deceleration or acceleration as function of time shall remain between the limit
curves shown in the figure.
3.4.3. Furthermore, the average deceleration or acceleration shall be comprised between 6,5 and 8,5 g.
3.5. Test 2
3.5.1. Test 1 shall be repeated with a manikin seated in the auxiliary seat: the manikin shall be restrained by
a safety-belt fitted and adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The number of safety-belt
anchorage points for the purpose of Test 2 shall be recorded in the communication form concerning the
approval of a seat type and conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
3.5.2. The auxiliary seat shall be either of the same type as the seat being tested or of a different type, the details of
which shall be recorded in the communication form concerning the approval of a seat type and conforming
to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
3.5.3. Test 2 may also be applied to vehicle parts other than a seat, as referred to in paragraph 8.1.7 of Regulation
No 16 and paragraph 5.3.5 of Regulation No 14.L 266/42 EN Official Journal of the European Union 18.10.2019
3.5.4. In the case where Test 2 is conducted with the manikin restrained by a 3-point belt and the injury criteria are
not exceeded, the auxiliary seat shall be considered to have met the requirements relating to the static test
loads and movement of the upper anchorage during the test specified in Regulation No 14 with regard to
this installation.
3.5.5. Test 2 may also be applied to side-facing seats. In this case the auxiliary seat as mentioned in paragraph 3.2
shall be a side-facing seat and shall be located as specified in Appendix 7.18.10.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 266/43
APPENDIX 2
Test procedure for the anchorages of a vehicle in application of paragraph 6.1.1
1. TEST APPARATUS
1.1. A rigid structure sufficiently representative of the seat intended for use on the vehicle is fixed by the means of
fixation (bolts, screws, etc.) provided by the manufacturer to the parts of the structure submitted to the tests.
1.2. If several seat types differing from one another in respect of the distance between the front and back ends of
their feet can be mounted on the same anchorage, the test shall be carried out with the shortest footing. This
footing shall be described on the type approval certificate.
2. TEST PROCEDURE
2.1. A force F shall be applied.
2.1.1. At a height of 750 mm above the reference plane and on the vertical line containing the geometrical centre of
the surface bounded by the polygon having the different anchorage points as apexes or, if applicable, the extreme
anchorages of the seat, by the rigid structure as defined in paragraph 1.1 above;
2.1.2. In the horizontal direction and directed to the front of the vehicle;
2.1.3. In a delay as short as possible and for a duration of at least 0,2 s.
2.2. The force F shall be determined either
2.2.1. By the following formula: F = (5 000 ± 50) × i where:
F is given in N and i represents the number of seating positions of the seat for which the anchorages to be tested
are to be approved; or, if requested by the manufacturer,
2.2.2. In accordance with the representative loads measured during dynamic tests as described in Appendix 1 to this
Regulation.L 266/44 EN Official Journal of the European Union 18.10.2019
APPENDIX 3
MEASUREMENTS TO BE MADE
1. All measurements necessary shall be made with measurement systems corresponding to the specifications of
International Standard ISO 6487:1987 entitled ‘Measurement techniques in impact tests: Instrumentation’.
2. Dynamic test
2.1. Measurements to be made on the trolley
The characteristics of the deceleration or acceleration of the trolley shall be measured, from the decelerations or
accelerations measured on the rigid frame of the trolley, with measurement systems with a CFC of 60.
2.2. Measurements to be made on manikins
The readings of the measuring devices shall be recorded through independent data channels of the following
CFC:
2.2.1. Measurements in the head of the manikin
The resultant triaxial acceleration referring to the centre of gravity (γ) (1) shall be measured with a CFC of 600.
r
2.2.2. Measurements in the thorax of the manikin.
The resultant acceleration at the centre of gravity shall be measured with a CFC of 180. The deflection of the ribs
and the Viscous Criterion (VC) shall be measured with a CFC of 180.
2.2.3. Measurements in the femur of the manikin
The axial compression force shall be measured with a CFC of 600.
2.2.4. Measurements in the abdomen of the manikin.
The abdominal forces shall be measured with a CFC of 600.
2.2.5. Measurements in the pelvis of the manikin.
The pubic force shall be measured with a CFC of 600.
(1) Expressed in g (= 9,81 m/s2) the scalar value of which is calculated according to the following formula:
γ2 = γ2 + γ2 + γ2
r l v t
where:
γ l = value of instant longitudinal acceleration;
γ ν = value of instant vertical acceleration;
γ t = value of instant transversal acceleration.18.10.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 266/45
APPENDIX 4
DETERMINATION OF ACCEPTABILITY CRITERIA
1. Frontal impact (forward-facing seat)
1.1. Head injury criterion (HIC)
1.1.1. This injury criterion (HIC) is calculated on the basis of the resultant triaxial acceleration measured according to
Appendix 3, paragraph 2.2.1 by the following expression:
t2 2,5
1 ∫
HIC=(t −t ) ydt
2 1 t −t r
2 1 t1
in which t and t are any values of time during the test, HIC being maximum value for an interval t , t . The
1 2 1 2
values of t and t are expressed in seconds.
1 2
1.2. Thorax acceptability criterion (ThAC)
1.2.1. This criterion is determined by the absolute value of resultant acceleration, expressed in g and measured accord
ing to Appendix 3, paragraph 2.2.2, and by the acceleration period, expressed in ms.
1.3. Femur acceptability criterion (FAC)
This criterion is determined by the compression load expressed in kN, transmitted axially on each femur of the
manikin and measured according to Appendix 3, paragraph 2.2.3, and by the duration of the compression load,
expressed in ms.
2. Side impact (side-facing seat)
2.1. Head injury criterion (HIC) see above paragraph 1.1.
2.2. Thorax acceptability criterion
2.2.1. Chest deflection: the peak chest deflection is the maximum value of deflection on any rib as determined by the
thorax displacement transducers.
2.2.2. Viscous criterion (VC):
The peak viscous response is the maximum value of VC on any rib which is calculated from the instantaneous
product of the relative thorax compression related to the half thorax and the velocity of compression derived by
differentiation of the compression. For the purposes of this calculation the standard width of the half thorax rib
cage is 140 mm.
D dD
VC=max ×
0,14 dt
where D (metres) = rib deflection
The calculation algorithm to be used is set out in Regulation No 95, Annex 4, Appendix 2.
2.3. Abdomen acceptability criterion
The peak abdominal force is the maximum value of the sum of the three forces measured by transducers
mounted 39 mm below the surface on the crash side.
2.4. Pelvis acceptability criterion
The pubic symphysis peak force (PSPF) is the maximum force measured by a load cell at the pubic symphysis of
the pelvis.L 266/46 EN Official Journal of the European Union 18.10.2019
APPENDIX 5
STATIC TEST REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURE
1. REQUIREMENTS
1.1. The requirements for seats tested according to this appendix are to determine:
1.1.1. If the seat occupants are correctly retained by the seats in front of them;
1.1.2. If the seat occupants are not seriously injured; and
1.1.3. If the seat and the seat mountings are strong enough.
1.2. The requirements of paragraph 1.1.1 above shall be considered satisfied if the maximum displacement of the
central point of application of each force prescribed in paragraph 2.2.1 measured in the horizontal plane and
in the longitudinal median plane of the relevant seating position does not exceed 400 mm.
1.3. The requirements of paragraph 1.1.2 above shall be considered satisfied if the following characteristics are met:
1.3.1. The maximum displacement of the central point of application of each of the forces prescribed in paragraph
2.2.1, measured as described in paragraph 1.2, is not less than 100 mm;
1.3.2. The maximum displacement of the central point of application of each of the forces prescribed in paragraph
2.2.2, measured as described in paragraph 1.2, is not less than 50 mm.
1.3.3. All fittings forming part of the back of the seat or accessories thereto shall be such as to be unlikely to cause
any bodily injury to a passenger during impact. This requirement shall be considered satisfied if any part con
tactable by a sphere 165 mm in diameter presents a radius of curvature of at least 5 mm.
1.3.4. If any part of the fittings and accessories referred to above is made of a material of hardness less than 50 shore
A on a rigid backing, the requirements set out in paragraph 1.3.3 above shall apply only to the rigid backing.
1.3.5. The parts of the back of the seat such as adjustment devices for the seat and accessories shall not be subject to
any requirements of paragraph 1.3.3 if in the position of rest they are situated below a horizontal plane
400 mm above the reference plane, even if the occupant might enter into contact with them.
1.4. The requirements of paragraph 1.1.3 shall be considered satisfied if:
1.4.1. No part of the seat, the seat mountings or the accessories becomes completely detached during the test;
1.4.2. The seat remains firmly held, even if one or more anchorages is (are) partly detached, and all the locking sys
tems remain locked during the whole duration of the test;
1.4.3. After the test no structural part of the seat or accessories has any fracture or sharp or pointed edges or corners
likely to cause any bodily injury.
2. STATIC TESTS
2.1. Test apparatus
2.1.1. This consists of cylindrical surfaces with a radius of curvature equal to 82 ± 3 mm and a width:
2.1.1.1. At least equal to the width of the seat-back of each seating position of the seat to be tested for the upper form;
2.1.1.2. Equal to 320 – 0/+ 10 mm for the lower form as shown in the figure of this appendix.
2.1.2. The surface resting against the parts of the seat shall be made of a material the hardness of which is not less
than 80 Shore A.
2.1.3. Each cylindrical surface shall be equipped with at least one force transducer able to measure the forces applied
in the direction defined in paragraph 2.2.1.1.18.10.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 266/47
2.2. Test procedure
2.2.1. 1000
A test force to ± 50 N shall be applied using a device, conforming to paragraph 2.1 above, to the rear
H
1
part of the seat corresponding to each seating position of the seat.
2.2.1.1. The direction of application of the force shall be situated in the vertical median plane of the seating position
concerned; it shall be horizontal and from the rear towards the front of the seat.
2.2.1.2. This direction shall be situated at the height H which shall be between 0,70 m and 0,80 m and above the
1
reference plane. The exact height shall be determined by the manufacturer.
2.2.2. 2000
A test force equal to ± 100 N shall be applied simultaneously to the rear part of the seat corresponding
H
2
to each seating position of the seat in the same vertical plane and in the same direction at the height H which
2
shall be between 0,45 and 0,55 m above the reference plane, with a device conforming to paragraph 2.1
above. The exact height shall be determined by the manufacturer.
2.2.3. The test form shall be maintained as far as possible in contact with the rear of the seat during the application
of the forces specified in paragraphs 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 above. They shall be able to pivot in a horizontal plane.
2.2.4. Where a seat consists of more than one seating position, the forces corresponding to each seating position
shall be applied simultaneously and there shall be as many upper and lower forms as seating positions.
2.2.5. The initial position of each seating position of each of the forms shall be determined by bringing the test
devices into contact with the seat with a force equal to at least 20 N.
2.2.6. The forces indicated in paragraphs 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 above shall be applied as rapidly as possible and shall be
maintained together at the specified value, whatever the deformation, for at least 0,2 seconds.
2.2.7. If the test has been carried out with one or more forces but not with all forces greater than those specified in
paragraphs 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 above and if the seat complies with the requirements, the test shall be considered to
be satisfied.
Static test apparatusL 266/48 EN Official Journal of the European Union 18.10.2019
APPENDIX 6
ENERGY ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REAR PART OF SEAT BACKS
1. Elements of the rear part of seat backs situated in the reference zone, as defined in paragraph 2.21 of this Regula
tion, shall be verified at the request of the manufacturer according to the energy absorbing requirements set out in
Annex 4, to Regulation No 21. For this purpose, all accessories fitted shall be tested in all positions of use, except
tables which shall be considered in the stowed position.
2. This test shall be referred to in the communication form concerning the approval of a seat type conforming to the
model in Annex 1 to this Regulation. A drawing showing the area of the part of the seat back, verified by the energy
dissipation test, shall be enclosed.
3. This test may be applied to parts of a vehicle other than a seat (paragraph 3.5.3 of Appendix 1 and paragraph 2.3 of
Appendix 7).18.10.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 266/49
APPENDIX 7
Requirements for the safeguarding of passengers in side-facing seats according to paragraph 7.4.4
1. The distance between the foremost side-facing seat and the vehicle part forward of this foremost side-facing seat
shall not exceed 450 mm. All measurements are to be taken 1 000 mm above the reference plane of the fore
most side-facing seat (see Figure 1).
Figure 1
Positioning requirements for side-facing seats
2. The vehicle part (e.g. partition, wall or seat back of a forward facing seat) in front of the foremost side-facing seat
shall fulfil the following requirements in order to safeguard the passenger in that foremost side-facing seat (see
Figure 2):
2.1. The height of the vehicle part, based on the reference plane of the foremost side-facing seat, must not be less
than 1 020 mm; and
2.2. The effective impact surface of the vehicle part has a width of 200 mm and a height of 580 mm. This surface
shall be positioned so that the vertical centre-line is located 50 mm behind the H-point of the foremost side-
facing seat; and
2.3. The corresponding surface of the vehicle part in place projected onto a vertical plane through this H-point, shall
cover at least 95 per cent of the effective impact surface. This vehicle part shall fulfil the energy absorption
requirement by Appendix 6.
2.3.1. If there is a gap in the corresponding surface (typically two forward-facing seats with a gap in between)
a distance shall be determined for each gap by means of a sphere having a diameter of 165 mm. The sphere shall
be put into contact with the gap in a point of the gap area which allows the maximum sphere intrusion, consid
ering no load is to be applied. The distance between the two points of contact of the sphere must be less than
60 mm;
3. At the manufacturers' choice, a test according to Appendix 1 with the appropriate manikin for side-facing seats
may be conducted.L 266/50 EN Official Journal of the European Union 18.10.2019
Figure 2
Positioning requirements for the vehicle part forward of the foremost side-facing seat18.10.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 266/51
ANNEX 1
COMMUNICATION
(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))L 266/52 EN Official Journal of the European Union 18.10.201918.10.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 266/53
ANNEX 2
COMMUNICATION
(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))L 266/54 EN Official Journal of the European Union 18.10.2019
ANNEX 3
ARRANGEMENTS OF APPROVAL MARKS
1. Arrangement in the approval mark for a seat
a = 8 mm min
The above approval mark affixed to a seat shows that the seat type concerned has, with regard to the strength of the
seats, the test being carried out in accordance with paragraph 2 of Annex 4, been approved in the Netherlands (E4)
under number 032439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in accordance with the
requirements of Regulation No 80 as amended by the 03 series of amendments.
2. Arrangement in the approval mark for a vehicle type
a = 8 mm min
The above approval mark, affixed to a vehicle, shows that this type of vehicle has been approved in the Netherlands
(E4) under number 032439 with regard to the strength of the anchorages on the vehicle. The approval number
indicates that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No 80 as amended by the
03 series of amendments.18.10.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 266/55
ANNEX 4
Procedure for determining the ‘H’ point and the actual torso angle for seating position in motor vehicles (1)
Appendix 1 — Description of the three dimensional ‘H’ point machine (3-D H machine) (1) (2)
Appendix 2 — Three-dimensional reference system (1)
Appendix 3 — Reference data concerning seating positions (1)
(1) The procedure is described in Annex 1 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (RE.3) (document
ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2). www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29resolutions.html
(2) For details of the construction of the 3 DH machine refer to Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive,
Warrendale, Pennsylvania 15096, United States of America. The machine corresponds to that described in ISO Standard 6549-1980.