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L 290/54 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
Only the original UN/ECE texts have legal effect under international public law. The status and date of entry into force of this Regulation
should be checked in the latest version of the UN/ECE status document TRANS/WP.29/343, available at:
http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29fdocstts.html
Regulation No 90 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) —
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of replacement brake lining assemblies, drum-brake
linings and discs and drums for power-driven vehicles and their trailers [2018/1706]
Incorporating all valid text up to:
Supplement 4 to the 02 series of amendments — Date of entry into force: 16 October 2018
CONTENTS
1. Scope
2. Definitions
3. Application for approval
4. Approval
5. Specifications and tests
6. Packaging and marking
7. Modifications and extension of approval of replacement parts
8. Conformity of production
9. Penalties for non-conformity of production
10. Production definitively discontinued
11. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of Type Approval
Authorities
12. Transitional provisions
ANNEXES
1A Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production defini
tively discontinued of a replacement brake lining assembly or replacement drum brake lining pursuant to Regu
lation No 90
1B Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production defini
tively discontinued of a replacement brake disc or a replacement brake drum pursuant to Regulation No 90
2 Arrangements of the approval mark and approval data
3 Requirements for replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of categories M , M and N
1 2 1
4 Requirements for replacement brake lining assemblies and drum brake linings for vehicles of categories M , N
3 2
and N
3
5 Requirements for replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of categories O and O
1 2
6 Requirements for replacement brake lining assemblies and drum brake linings for vehicles of categories O and O
3 4
7 Requirements for replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of category L
7a Criteria to define groups of brake lining assembly for vehicles of category L
8 Technical prescriptions for replacement brake lining assemblies intended for the use in separate parking brake sys
tems being independent of the vehicle service brake system
9 Special additional procedures for conformity of production
10 Illustrations
11 Requirements for replacement brake discs or brake drums for vehicles of categories M and N
12 Requirements for replacement brake discs/drums for vehicles of category O
13 Model test report for a replacement brake disc/drum16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/55
14 Requirements for replacement brake discs for vehicles of categories L , L , L , L and L
1 2 3 4 5
15 Criteria for groups of discs for vehicles of categories L , L , L , L and L
1 2 3 4 5
1. SCOPE
1.1. This Regulation applies to the basic braking function of the following replacement parts (1) (2):
1.1.1. Replacement brake lining assemblies intended for use in friction brakes forming part of a braking system of
vehicles of category M, N, L and O which have a type approval in accordance with Regulation No 13, 13-H
or 78.
1.1.2. Replacement drum brake linings designed to be riveted to a brake shoe for fitment to and use on vehicles
of category M , N , N , O or O having a type approval in accordance with Regulation No 13.
3 2 3 3 4
1.1.3. The replacement brake lining assemblies used for separate parking brake systems being independent of the
vehicle service brake system will be subject only to the technical prescriptions defined in Annex 8 of this
Regulation.
1.1.4. Replacement brake drums and discs intended for use in friction brakes forming part of a braking system of
vehicles of category M, N and O which have a type approval in accordance with Regulation No 13 or
Regulation No 13-H.
1.1.5. Replacement brake discs intended for use in friction brakes forming part of a braking system of vehicles of
categories L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5, which have a type approval in accordance with Regulation No 78.
1.2. Original brake discs, brake drums, brake lining assemblies and drum brake linings fitted at time of manufac
turing of the vehicle and original replacement brake discs, brake drums, brake lining assemblies and drum
brake linings intended for the servicing of the vehicle are not subject to this Regulation.
1.3. This Regulation does not apply to ‘Special parts’, as defined in paragraph 2.3.4.
2. DEFINITIONS
2.1. General definitions
2.1.1. ‘Manufacturer’ means the organization which can assume technical responsibility for the brake lining
assemblies or drum brake linings or brake drums and discs and can demonstrate that it possesses the
necessary means to achieve conformity of production.
2.1.2. ‘Replacement part’ means either a replacement brake lining assembly type, a replacement drum brake lining
type, a replacement drum brake lining, a replacement brake drum or a replacement brake disc.
2.1.3. ‘Original part’ means either an original brake lining, an original brake lining assembly, an original drum
brake lining, an original brake drum or an original brake disc.
2.2. Definitions regarding the approval of a replacement brake lining assembly type, a replacement drum brake
lining type or a replacement drum brake lining.
2.2.1. ‘Braking system’ has the meaning assigned in Regulation No 13, paragraph 2.3, or Regulation No 13-H,
paragraph 2.3, or Regulation No 78, paragraph 2.5.
2.2.2. ‘Friction brake’ means the part of a braking system in which the forces opposing the movement of a vehicle
are developed by friction between a brake lining and a wheel disc or drum moving relatively to each other.
2.2.3. ‘Brake lining assembly’ means a component of a friction brake which is pressed against a drum or disc,
respectively, to produce the friction force.
2.2.3.1. ‘Shoe assembly’ means a brake lining assembly of a drum brake;
2.2.3.1.1. ‘Shoe’ means a component of a shoe assembly which carries the brake lining;
(1) In this Regulation, references to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 78 shall be deemed also to refer to any other international rule such as
71/320/EEC, that applies the same technical requirements as Regulation No 13, 13-H or 78. References to specific sections of the
Regulations shall be interpreted accordingly.
(2) It does not apply to possible additional functions of replacement parts as for example speed sensing in the case of integrated speed
sensing devices or guidance of the wheels in the case of integrated hubs.L 290/56 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
2.2.3.2. ‘Pad assembly’ means a brake lining assembly of a disc brake;
2.2.3.2.1. ‘Backplate’ means a component of a pad assembly which carries the brake lining;
2.2.3.3. ‘Brake lining’ means the friction material component with the shape and final dimension to be fixed on to
the shoe or backplate;
2.2.3.4. ‘Drum brake lining’ means a brake lining for a drum brake.
2.2.3.5. ‘Friction material’ means the product of a specified mixture of materials and processes which together
determine the characteristics of a brake lining;
2.2.4. ‘Brake lining type’ means a category of brake linings which do not differ in friction material characteristics.
2.2.5. ‘Brake lining assembly type’ means wheel sets of brake lining assemblies which do not differ in brake lining
type, dimension or functional characteristics.
2.2.6. ‘Drum brake lining type’ means wheel sets of brake lining components which after fitment to the shoes do
not differ in brake lining type, dimensions or functional characteristics.
2.2.7. ‘Original brake lining’ means a brake lining type referenced in the vehicle type approval documentation,
Regulation No 13, Annex 2, paragraph 8.1.1, Regulation No 13-H, Annex 1, paragraph 7.1 (3) or
Regulation No 78, Annex 1, paragraph 5.4.
2.2.8. ‘Original brake lining assembly’ means a brake lining assembly conforming to the data attached to a vehicle
type approval documentation;
2.2.9. ‘Replacement brake lining assembly’ means a brake lining assembly of a type approved under this
Regulation as a suitable service replacement for an original brake lining assembly.
2.2.10. ‘Original drum brake lining’ means a drum brake lining conforming to the data attached to a vehicle type
approval documentation.
2.2.11. ‘Replacement drum brake lining’ means a drum brake lining of a type approved under this Regulation as
a suitable service replacement when fitted to a shoe for an original drum brake lining.
2.2.12. ‘Parking brake lining assembly’ means a pad assembly or shoe assembly belonging to a parking brake
system separate and independent from the service brake system.
2.2.13. ‘Identical brake lining assembly’ is a replacement brake lining assembly identical to the brake lining
assembly supplied and fitted as original equipment and included in the vehicle type approval to Regulation
No 13 or Regulation No 13-H with the exception of the vehicle/brake assembly manufacturers mark which
is omitted.
2.2.14. ‘Identical drum brake lining’ is a replacement drum brake lining identical to the drum brake lining supplied
and fitted as original equipment and included in the vehicle type approval to Regulation No 13 or
Regulation No 13-H with the exception of the vehicle/brake assembly manufacturers mark which is
omitted.
2.3. Definitions regarding the approval of a replacement brake drum or a replacement brake disc.
2.3.1. ‘Original brake disc/brake drum’
2.3.1.1. In the case of motor vehicles, is a brake disc/drum covered by the vehicle braking system type approval
according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 78.
2.3.1.2. In the case of trailers:
(a) Is a brake disc/drum covered by the vehicle braking system type approval according to Regulation
No 13;
(b) Is a brake disc/drum which is part of a brake for which the axle manufacturer owns a test report
according to Annex 11 of Regulation No 13.
(3) If such brake linings are not available on the market, alternatively, brake linings listed under paragraph 8.2 may be used.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/57
2.3.2. ‘Identification code’ identifies the brake discs or brake drums covered by the braking system approval
according to Regulations Nos 13 and 13-H. It contains at least the manufacturer's trade name or trademark
and an identification number.
The vehicle manufacturer shall provide on request of the technical service and/or approval authority the
necessary information, which makes the link between the braking system type approval and the
corresponding identification code.
2.3.3. Replacement parts
2.3.3.1. Original replacement brake discs and brake drums
2.3.3.1.1. In the case of vehicle categories M, N and O: original brake discs/brake drums intended for servicing the
vehicle and carrying an identification code as defined in paragraph 2.3.2 affixed in such a way as to be
indelible and clearly legible.
2.3.3.1.2. In the case of vehicle categories L , L , L , L and L : original brake discs/brake drums intended for servicing
1 2 3 4 5
the vehicle.
2.3.3.2. Identical brake discs
2.3.3.2.1. In the case of vehicle categories M, N and O: a replacement brake disc which is chemically and physically
identical in every respect with the exception of the vehicle manufacturer mark, which is absent, to the
original brake disc.
2.3.3.2.2. In the case of vehicle categories L , L , L , L and L : a replacement brake disc which is chemically and
1 2 3 4 5
physically identical in every respect.
2.3.3.3. ‘Identical brake drum’ is a replacement brake drum identical to the brake drum supplied and fitted as
original equipment and included in the vehicle type approval to Regulation No 13 or Regulation No 13-H
with the exception of the vehicle/brake assembly manufacturers mark and the identification code which are
omitted.
2.3.3.4. Equivalent brake discs and brake drums
2.3.3.4.1. ‘Equivalent brake discs for categories M, N and O’ is a replacement brake disc which is identical to the
original brake disc in respect to all dimensions, geometric features and basic design and is also from the
same material subgroup as the original brake disc as defined in paragraph 5.3.3.2.
2.3.3.4.2. ‘Equivalent brake discs for categories L , L , L , L and L ’ are replacement brake discs which are identical to
1 2 3 4 5
the original brake disc in respect to all dimensions, geometric features and basic design and is also from the
same following materials:
(a) Braking surface: one of materials listed in paragraph 5.3.3.2.2;
(b) Bell and braking ring fasteners: same materials and mechanical properties of original disc.
2.3.3.4.3. ‘Equivalent brake drum’ is a replacement brake drum which is identical to the original brake drum in
respect to all dimensions, geometric features and basic design and is also from the same material sub-group
as the original brake drum as defined in paragraph 5.3.3.2.
2.3.3.5. Interchangeable brake discs and brake drums
2.3.3.5.1. ‘Interchangeable brake disc’ is a replacement brake disc which has the same interface dimensions as the
original brake disc but may differ from the original brake disc in terms of its design, material composition
and mechanical properties.
2.3.3.5.2. ‘Interchangeable brake drum’ is a replacement brake drum which has the same interface dimensions as the
original brake drum but may differ from the original brake drum in terms of its design, material
composition and mechanical properties.
2.3.4. ‘Special brake disc/drum’ means a replacement brake disc/drum not covered by paragraphs 2.3.1 to 2.3.3.
2.3.5. ‘Functional dimensions’: all the measurements that are relevant with regard to the fitting and functioning of
the components of the braking system (see paragraph 5.3.7.1 and Annex 10).
2.3.6. ‘Type of brake disc/drum’: brake discs or drums having the same basic design and material group in
accordance with the classification criteria pursuant to paragraphs 5.3.5.1 or 5.3.5.2 as appropriate.L 290/58 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
2.3.7. ‘Test group’: type of brake discs/drums having the same characteristics pursuant to paragraph 5.3.6.
2.3.8. ‘Variant’: individual brake disc/drum within a given test group.
2.3.9. ‘Material’: chemical composition and mechanical properties as per paragraph 3.4.1.2.
2.3.10. ‘Material group’: e.g. grey cast iron, steel, aluminium, etc.
2.3.11. ‘Material sub-group’: one of the sub-group defined in paragraph 5.3.3.2.
2.3.12. ‘Minimum thickness’: the thickness of the brake disc is the point at which replacement becomes necessary.
2.3.13. ‘Maximum inside diameter’: the maximum inside diameter of the brake drum is the point at which
replacement becomes necessary.
3. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL
3.1. An application for approval of a replacement part for (a) specific vehicle type(s) shall be submitted by the
manufacturer of the replacement part or his duly accredited representative.
3.2. An application may be submitted by the holder of (a) vehicle type approval(s) to Regulation No 13 or 13-H
or 78 in respect of replacement part conforming to the type recorded in the vehicle type approval(s)
documentation.
3.3. In the case of an application regarding the approval of a replacement brake lining assembly type,
a replacement drum brake lining type or a replacement drum brake lining:
3.3.1. An application for approval shall be accompanied, in triplicate, by a description of the replacement brake
lining assembly or replacement drum brake lining with regard to the items specified in Annex 1 to this
Regulation, and by the following particulars:
3.3.1.1. Diagrams showing functional dimensions of the replacement brake lining assembly or replacement drum
brake lining;
3.3.1.2. An indication of the positions of the replacement brake lining assembly or replacement drum brake lining
on the vehicles for which approval to fit is sought.
3.3.1.3. In the case of brake lining assemblies for vehicles of category L, the list of brake lining assemblies belonging
to the same group defined according to Annex 7a. This list shall indicate for each brake lining assembly:
name of brake lining assembly manufacturer, the brake lining assembly manufacturer's code, the friction
material area (cm2).
3.3.2. Brake lining assemblies or drum brake linings of the type for which approval is sought shall be made
available in sufficient quantity to perform the approval tests.
3.3.3. The applicant shall agree with and make available to the technical service responsible for conducting
approval tests the suitable representative vehicle(s) and/or brake(s).
3.3.4. The Competent Authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective
control of the conformity of production before type approval is granted.
3.3.4.1. The applicant shall submit values for friction behaviour in accordance with Annex 9, Part A,
paragraph 2.4.1 or 3.4.1 respectively of this Regulation.
3.4. In the case of an application regarding the approval of a replacement brake drum or a replacement brake
disc.
3.4.1. An application for approval shall be accompanied, in triplicate, by a description of replacement brake drum
or a replacement brake disc with regard to the items specified in Annex 1B to this Regulation, and by the
following particulars:
3.4.1.1. Disc or drum drawing(s) including the dimensions of the features mentioned in paragraph 5.3.7.1, together
with tolerances, and any accompanying accessories:
(a) Location and nature of the marking pursuant to paragraph 6.2.2 — dimensions in mm;
(b) Weight in grams;
(c) Material (for one-piece discs) or material for composed and floating disc of categories L , L , L , L
1 2 3 4
and L .
516.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/59
3.4.1.2. Component description
The manufacturer shall provide a component description containing at least the following information:
(a) The manufacturer of the unmachined part;
(b) A description of the process of manufacture of the unmachined part;
(c) Proof of the reliability of the process (e.g. freedom from cracks and cavities, dimensions);
(d) Material composition, specifically:
(i) Chemical composition;
(ii) Microstructure;
(iii) Mechanical properties for cast iron brake discs and brake drums:
(a) Brinell hardness pursuant to ISO 6506-1:2005;
(b) Tensile strength in accordance with ISO 6892:1998;
(iv) Mechanical properties for martensitic stainless steel brake disc:
Rockwell C hardness pursuant to ISO 6508-1;
(e) Corrosion or surface protection;
(f) Description of the balancing measures, maximum permissible balance error;
(g) Amount of wear allowed (minimum thickness in the case of brake discs or the maximum internal
diameter in the case of brake drums).
The applicant shall submit the information and specifications outlined in Annex 9, Part B, paragraph 2.5
for cast iron discs and Annex 9, Part C, paragraph 2.5 for martensitic stainless steel discs, of this
Regulation.
3.4.2. Conformity of production
The competent authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective
control of the conformity of production before type approval is granted.
3.4.2.1. The applicant shall submit the documentation in accordance with Annex 9, Part B and Part C, paragraph 2
of this Regulation.
3.4.3. Sample quantities and usage
3.4.3.1. A minimum number of disc or drum samples — of the design for which approval is requested — shall be
provided, as shown in the following tables.
The tables also show the recommended use of the samples.
Sample number for brake discs for vehicles of cat
Item egories M, N and O
Check/Test Remarks
No
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Geometric check x x x x x x
Paragraphs 5.3.3.1, 5.3.4.1
2 Material check x x
Paragraphs 5.3.3.2
3 Balancing provisions check x x x x
Paragraph 5.3.7.2
4 Wear condition marking check x x x x
Paragraph 5.3.7.3
5 Integrity test — thermal fatigue x x
Paragraphs 4.1.1, 4.2.1 of Annex 11,
4.1.1, 4.2.1 of Annex 12L 290/60 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
Sample number for brake discs for vehicles of cat
Item egories M, N and O
Check/Test Remarks
No
1 2 3 4 5 6
6 Integrity test — high load test x
Paragraphs 4.1.2, 4.2.2 of Annex 11,
and paragraphs 4.1.2, 4.2.2 of An
nex 12
7 Service brake vehicle performance test Pair of discs Either front or rear
axle
Paragraph 2.2 of Annex 11, Para
graph 2.2 of Annex 12
8 Parking brake vehicle performance test Pair of discs If applicable
Paragraph 2.3 of Annex 11, Para
graph 2.3 of Annex 12
9 Service brake dynamometer perform x Alternative to
ance test vehicle test
Paragraph 3.3 of Annex 11, para
graph 3.3 of Annex 12
Sample number for brake discs for
vehicles of categories L, L, L, L
Item 1 2 3 4
Check/Test and L Remarks
No 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 Geometric check x x x x x
Paragraphs 5.3.3.1, 5.3.4.1
2 Wear condition marking check x x x x x
Paragraph 5.3.7.3
3 Material and hardness braking surface x
Paragraphs 5.3.3.2
4 Bell and fasteners material check x
Paragraphs 2.4 and 2.5 of Annex 15
5 Resistance to static torque test x x
Paragraph 2 of Annex 14
6 Service brake vehicle performance x
Paragraphs 3.2 of Annex 14
7 Thermal fatigue x
Paragraph 5.1 of Annex 14
8 Service brake dynamometer performance Alternative to
vehicle test
Paragraph 4.3 of Annex 14
3.4.3.2. Each disc and drum, other than those using geometric and material checks, shall be accompanied by the
appropriate number of the suitable brake lining assemblies which have an approval to Regulation No 13,
13-H or 90.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/61
3.4.3.3. In the case where a comparison with the original brake disc or brake drum is required, an axle set of
original brake discs or original brake drum, as applicable, shall be provided.
3.4.3.4. Where an equivalent replacement disc/drum approval is sought, two original brake disc/drum or original
replacement brake disc/drum samples shall be provided for dimensional and material comparisons.
3.4.3.5. Where an interchangeable replacement disc/drum approval is sought, two original brake disc/drum or
original replacement brake disc/drum samples shall be provided for dimensional comparison.
4. APPROVAL
4.1. If the replacement part submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation meet the requirements of
paragraph 5 below, approval of the replacement part shall be granted.
4.1.1. In the case of replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of category L with a combined braking
system in the meaning of paragraph 2.9 of Regulation No 78, the approval must be restricted to the brake
lining assembly combination(s) on the axles of the vehicle having been tested according to Annex 7 of this
Regulation.
4.2. To each replacement part approved there shall be assigned an approval number comprising four groups of
digits:
4.2.1. The first two digits (at present 02 for the Regulation in its 02 series of amendments) shall indicate the
series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation
at the time of issue of the approval.
4.2.2. The following single digit shall indicate the category of the replacement part as follows:
A Replacement brake lining assembly
B Replacement drum brake lining
C Replacement brake disc
D Replacement brake drum
4.2.3. The next series of digits shall indicate the manufacture and the type of the brake lining, the type of disc or
the type of drum.
The digital suffix shall indicate:
(a) The shoe or back plate or specific dimension in the case of drum brake linings;
(b) The Test Group in the case of a replacement disc or replacement drum.
The variants approved as a Test Group shall be listed as an appendix to the communication document.L 290/62 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
Example:
4.2.4. In the case of brake lining assemblies for vehicles of category L, brake lining assemblies belonging to the
same group defined according to the criteria of Annex 7a, shall be assigned the same approval number of
the one assigned to the representative brake lining assembly.
4.3. The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number to another replacement part. The same type
approval number may cover the use of that replacement part on a number of differing vehicle types.
4.4. Notice of approval or of extension or refusal of approval or withdrawal of approval or production
definitively discontinued of a replacement part pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the
Parties to the 1958 Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model
in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
4.5. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place, to every replacement part approved
under this Regulation, an international approval mark consisting of:
4.5.1. A circle surrounding the letter ‘E’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted
approval (4);
4.5.2. The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter ‘R’, a dash and the approval number to the right of
the circle prescribed in paragraph 4.5.1.
4.6. The approval mark referred to in paragraph 4.5 above shall be clearly legible and be indelible.
4.7. Annex 2 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of the approval mark and approval data
referred to above and in paragraph 6.1.5 below.
5. SPECIFICATIONS AND TESTS
5.1. General
A replacement part shall be so designed and constructed that, when substituted for the part originally fitted
to a vehicle, the braking efficiency of that vehicle accords with that of the approved vehicle type.
Specifically:
(a) A replacement part for a vehicle type approved prior to Regulation No 13, 09 series of amendments, or
the original version of Regulation No 13-H or Regulation No 78, 01 series of amendments, shall satisfy
as a minimum the appropriate abovementioned Regulation level;
(b) A replacement part shall display performance characteristics similar to that of the original part it is
intended to replace;
(4) The distinguishing numbers of the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement are reproduced in Annex 3 to Consolidated Resolution on
the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2/Amend.1.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/63
(c) A replacement part must possess adequate mechanical characteristics;
(d) Brake linings shall not contain asbestos;
(e) A replacement brake disc/drum shall exhibit sufficient deformation resistance under temperature;
(f) The minimum thickness of the brake disc shall not be less than the minimum thickness of the original
brake disc as specified by the vehicle manufacturer;
(g) The maximum permissible inside diameter of the brake drum shall not be more than the maximum
permissible inside diameter of the original brake drum specified by the vehicle manufacturer.
5.1.1. Replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings conforming to the type specified in
vehicle type approval documentation to Regulation No 13 or to Regulation No 13-H or Regulation No 78
are deemed to satisfy the requirements of paragraph 5 of this Regulation.
5.1.2. Replacement discs and replacement drums conforming to the identification code specified in vehicle type
approval documentation to Regulation No 13 or to Regulation No 13-H and replacement discs conforming
to the type specified in vehicle type approval documentation to Regulation No 78, are deemed to satisfy the
requirements of paragraph 5 of this Regulation.
5.1.3. Identical replacement brake lining assemblies and identical drum brake linings do not need to be tested
according to the requirements of paragraph 5.2.1 below, provided the following conditions are fulfilled:
(a) That the applicant for approval demonstrates that they produce and supplies the submitted brake lining
assemblies or drum brake linings to the vehicle or brake manufacturer as original equipment for the
specific vehicle models, axles and brakes mentioned under Annex 1A item 6, for which approval is
being sought.
(b) That the Technical Service and/or Type Approval Authority verify that the applicant is producing and
supplying the relevant part mentioned in Appendix 1 to Annex 2 to Regulation No 13 approval or the
Appendix to Annex 1 to Regulation No 13-H approval, in paragraph related to ‘Make and type of brake
linings’ (5).
(c) The applicant for approval continues to produce the original and identical parts:
(i) From the same raw material mixture;
(ii) With the same manufacturing process;
(iii) On the same production line;
(iv) With the same quality assurance system; and
(v) With the same results of the conformity of production tests referenced in paragraph 8.4.1 of the
Regulation, as for the original parts.
The demonstration of compliance to requirements specified in this paragraph shall be supported by an
onsite audit, conducted by the Technical Services in charge of approval tests. To support the audit the
manufacturer shall provide access to the process flow chart and control plan.
5.2. Requirements regarding the approval of a replacement brake lining assembly type, a replacement drum
brake lining type or a replacement drum brake lining
5.2.1. Performance requirements
(5) At the request of (an) applicant(s) for Regulation No 90 approval, the information shall be provided by the Type Approval Authority as
contained in Appendix 1 to Annex 2 to Regulation No 13 approval or the appendix to Annex 1 to Regulation No 13-H approval.
However, this information shall not be provided for purposes other than Regulation No 90 approvals.L 290/64 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
5.2.1.1. Replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of categories M , M and N
1 2 1
At least one set of replacement brake lining assemblies, representing the type of lining to be approved, shall
be installed and tested in at least one vehicle which is representative of the vehicle type for which approval
is sought, according to the prescriptions of Annex 3 and shall satisfy the requirements stated in this annex.
The representative vehicle(s) shall be selected from among the application range using a worst case
analysis (6). For speed sensitivity and cold performance equivalence, one of the two methods described in
Annex 3 shall be used.
5.2.1.2. Replacement brake lining assemblies and replacement drum brake linings for vehicles of categories M , N
3 2
and N
3
At least one set of replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings, representing the
type of lining to be approved, shall be installed and tested in at least one vehicle or a brake which is rep
resentative of the vehicle type for which approval is sought, according to the prescriptions of Annex 4,
using one of the two methods described in paragraph 1 (vehicle test) or in paragraph 2 (inertia
dynamometer test) and shall satisfy the requirements stated in this annex. The representative vehicle(s) or
brake(s) shall be selected from among the application range using a worst case analysis (7).
5.2.1.3. Replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of categories O and O
1 2
Replacement brake lining assemblies shall be tested according to the prescriptions of Annex 5 and shall
satisfy the requirements stated in this annex.
5.2.1.4. Replacement brake lining assemblies and replacement drum brake linings for vehicles of categories O
3
and O
4
Replacement brake lining assemblies and replacement drum brake linings shall be tested according to the
prescriptions of Annex 6 and shall satisfy the requirements stated in this annex. For the tests, one of the
three methods described in paragraph 3 of Appendix 2 to Annex 11 of Regulation No 13 shall be used.
5.2.1.5. Replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of category L
It is allowed the verification of a brake lining assembly deemed to be representative of a group of brake
lining assemblies, grouped according to the criteria defined in Annex 7a.
The representative brake lining assembly is deemed to identify the most severe application.
Results obtained with that representative brake lining assembly are considered valid for all the brake lining
assemblies belonging to the same group defined according to the grouping criteria as from Annex 7a.
At least one set of the chosen replacement brake lining assemblies, representing the type of lining to be
approved, shall be installed and tested in at least one vehicle which is representative of the vehicle type for
which approval is sought, according to the prescriptions of Annex 7 and shall satisfy the requirements
stated in this annex. The representative vehicle(s) shall be selected from among the application range using
a worst case analysis (8).
(6) Worst case analysis must include the following technical characteristics (as a minimum) of each vehicle type in the application
range:
(a) Rotor diameter;
(b) Rotor thickness;
(c) Ventilated or solid rotor;
(d) Piston diameter;
(e) Tyre dynamic radius;
(f) Vehicle mass;
(g) Axle mass and percentage of braking effort of the axle;
(h) Maximum speed of the vehicle.
The testing conditions shall be specified in the test report.
(7) See footnote 6.
(8) See footnote 6.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/65
5.2.2. Mechanical characteristics
5.2.2.1. Replacement brake lining assemblies for vehicles of categories M , M , N , O , O , and L
1 2 1 1 2
5.2.2.1.1. Replacement brake lining assemblies of the type for which approval is requested shall be tested for shear
strength according to Standard either ISO 6312:1981 or ISO 6312:2001.
The minimum acceptable shear strength is 250 N/cm2 for pad assemblies and 100 N/cm2 for shoe
assemblies.
5.2.2.1.2. Replacement brake lining assemblies of the type for which approval is requested shall be tested for compres
sibility according to standard either ISO 6310:1981, ISO 6310:2001 or ISO 6310:2009.
The compressibility values shall not exceed 2 per cent at ambient temperature and 5 per cent at 400 °C for
pad assemblies and 2 per cent at ambient temperature and 4 per cent at 200 °C for shoe assemblies. This
requirement does not apply to parking brake lining assemblies.
5.2.2.2. Replacement brake lining assemblies and replacement drum brake linings for vehicles of categories M , N ,
3 2
N , O , and O
3 3 4
5.2.2.2.1. Shear strength
This test applies only to disc brake pad assemblies.
Replacement brake lining assemblies of the type for which approval is requested shall be tested for shear
strength according to Standard ISO 6312:1981 or ISO 6312:2001. Brake lining assemblies may by divided
into two or three parts to match the test machine's capability.
The minimum acceptable shear strength is 250 N/cm2.
5.2.2.2.2. Compressibility
Replacement brake lining assemblies and replacement drum brake linings of the type for which approval is
requested shall be tested for compressibility according to standard either ISO 6310:1981, ISO 6310:2001
or ISO 6310:2009. Flat specimens according to sample type I may be used.
The compressibility values shall not exceed 2 per cent at ambient temperature and 5 per cent at 400 °C for
pad assemblies and 2 per cent at ambient temperature and 4 per cent at 200 °C for shoe assemblies and
drum brake linings.
5.2.2.2.3. Material hardness (9)
This requirement applies to drum brake lining assemblies and drum brake linings.
Replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings of the type for which approval is
requested shall be tested for hardness according to Standard ISO 2039-2:1987.
The hardness figure for the friction material at the rubbing surface shall be the mean value out of five
sample linings from different production batches (if available) by taking five measurements at different
places of each brake lining.
5.3. Technical requirements regarding the approval of a replacement brake drum or a replacement brake disc
All replacement parts have to be separated in 4 groups:
(a) Original replacement brake disc/drum;
(b) Identical brake disc/drum;
(c) Equivalent disc/drum;
(d) Interchangeable disc/drum.
(9) This test is included for conformity of production purposes. Minimum values and the tolerances to be agreed with the Technical Service.L 290/66 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
Depending on its group, the replacement brake disc or drum has to pass the following tests:
Performance tests
Resistance to static Comparison test with
according to Integrity tests (high
torque (only for dynamic frictional
Regulations load and thermal
vehicle categories L, properties of the
1 Nos 13/13-H/78 fatigue)
L, L, L and L) original part
2 3 4 5 (Type 0, I, II, etc.)
Original Disc not subjected to this regulation
replacement parts
Identical parts No No No No
Equivalent parts No No No Dynamometer test
Interchangeable Static bench test Vehicle test or Vehicle test or Dynamometer test
parts alternative alternative
dynamometer test dynamometer test
The test requirements for brake discs and drums for vehicles of categories M and N are detailed in
Annex 11.
The test requirements for brake discs and drums for vehicles of category O are detailed in Annex 12.
The test requirements for brake discs for vehicles of categories L , L , L , L and L are detailed in Annex 14.
1 2 3 4 5
5.3.1. Original replacement brake discs/drums
5.3.1.1. Original replacement brake discs/drums are excluded from the scope of this Regulation provided they carry
an identification code as defined in paragraph 2.3.2 affixed in such a way as to be indelible and clearly
legible.
5.3.2. Identical brake discs/drums
5.3.2.1. The applicant for approval shall demonstrate to the Technical Service and/or approval authority that they
produce and supply the submitted brake discs or drums to the vehicle manufacturer as original equipment
for the specific model/models, axles, mentioned under Annex 1B item 4 for which approval is being
sought. This demonstration shall include verifiable evidence that the brake discs or drums are produced
under the same production and quality assurance systems as for the original parts pursuant to
paragraph 2.3.1 of the Regulation. Specifically it is required that the applicant for approval continues to
produce the original and identical parts:
(a) From the same raw material, composition and microstructure;
(b) With the same manufacturing process;
(c) On the same production line;
(d) With the same quality assurance system; and
(e) With the same results of the conformity of production tests referenced in paragraph 8.4.2 of the
Regulation, as for the original parts.
The demonstration of compliance to requirements specified in this paragraph shall be supported by an
onsite audit, conducted by the Technical Services in charge of approval tests. To support the audit the
manufacturer shall provide access to the process flow chart and control plan.
5.3.2.2. Since the identical brake discs/drums fulfils all requirement as the Original part no testing requirements are
prescribed.
5.3.3. Equivalent replacement discs or drums
5.3.3.1. Geometric requirements
The brake discs or drums shall be identical to the original brake disc or drum in respect to all dimensions,
geometric features, tolerances and basic design.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/67
5.3.3.2. Material and metallurgical requirements
In order to be considered ‘Equivalent’ the replacement brake disc or drum shall be from the same material
sub-group as the original brake disc or drum. Four original part material sub-groups are defined.
Sub-group 1
Sub-group 2 Sub-group 3 Sub-group 4
Base cast iron
Test standard Base high carbon Alloyed high Unalloyed high
DIN EN 1561
EN-GJL-150 carbon carbon
EN-GJL-200
Carbon Content (per 3,20-3,60 3,60-3,90 3,55-3,90 3,60-3,90
cent)
Silicon Content (per 1,70-2,30 1,60-2,20 1,60-2,20 1,60-2,20
cent)
Manganese Content Min 0,40 Min 0,40 Min 0,40 Min 0,40
(per cent)
Chromium Content Max 0,35 Max 0,35 0,30-0,60 Max 0,25
(per cent)
Copper Content (per — 0,30-0,70 0,30-0,70 Max 0,40
cent)
Hardness HBW ISO 6506-1:2005 190-248 160-210 180-230 160-200
Tensile strength ISO 6892:1998 Min 220 Min 160 Min 170 Min 150
(N/mm2)
5.3.3.2.1. For vehicles of category M, N, O, in order to be considered ‘Equivalent’ the replacement brake disc or drum
shall be from the same material sub-group as the original brake disc or drum. Four original part material
sub-groups are defined.
5.3.3.2.2. Martensitic stainless steel for braking ring of vehicles of categories L , L , L , L and L . In order to be
1 2 3 4 5
considered ‘Equivalent’ the replacement brake disc shall be from the same material subgroup as the original
brake disc. Five original part material subgroups are defined.
Subgroup 2 Subgroup 3 Subgroup 4 Subgroup 5
Subgroup 1
Test standard X 10 Cr 13 X 12 Cr 13 X 20 Cr 13 X 30 Cr 13
JIS SUS 410
EN 10088/2 EN 10088/2 EN 10088/2 EN 10088/2
Carbon Content (per 0,02-0,10 0,08-0,12 0,08-0,15 0,16-0,25 0,26-0,35
cent)
Silicon Content (per Max 0,80 Max 1,00 Max 1,00 Max 1,00 Max 1,00
cent)
Manganese Content 0,50-2,50 Max 1,00 Max 1,50 Max 1,50 Max 1,50
(per cent)
Chromium Content 10,00-14,50 12,00-14,00 11,50-13,50 12,00-14,00 12,00-14,00
(per cent)
Iron Content (per rest
cent)
Hardness HRC ISO 6508-1:2005 30-40 30-40 30-40 30-40 30-40
5.3.3.3. Performance requirements
The part has to pass the integrity tests for high load and thermal fatigue according to Annexes 11 and 12.
5.3.3.3.1. Brake disc and brake drum for categories M, N and O
The part has to pass the integrity tests for high load and thermal fatigue according to Annexes 11 and 12.L 290/68 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
5.3.3.3.2. Brake disc for categories L , L , L , L and L
1 2 3 4 5
The part has to pass the integrity tests for high load and thermal fatigue according to Annex 14.
5.3.4. Interchangeable replacement discs or drums
5.3.4.1. Geometric requirements
As paragraphs 5.3.4.1.1 and 5.3.4.1.2 plus the same interface dimensions.
An interchangeable replacement disc or drum may differ from the original part disc in design features such
as:
(a) Type and geometry of ventilation (for vented discs);
(b) Integral or composite disc or drum;
(c) Surface finish (e.g. holes, slots etc.).
5.3.4.1.1. For discs, the following maximum values shall be met:
M, N, O, O M, N, M, N, O, O
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4
Thickness variation 0,015 mm 0,030 mm 0,040 mm
Cheek thickness variation 1,5 mm 2,0 mm 2,0 mm
(for ventilated disc only)
Lateral run-out friction surface 0,050 mm(1) 0,15 mm(1) 0,15 mm(1)
Location bore variation H9 H9 H9
‘Top hat’ parallelism 0,100 mm 0,100 mm 0,100 mm
Location face flatness 0,050 mm 0,050 mm 0,050 mm
Friction surface roughness(2) 3,2 µm 3,2 µm 3,2 µm
(1) N/A in the case of a floating disc
(2) Ra-value according to ISO 1302:2002
5.3.4.1.2. For drums, the following maximum values shall be met:
M, N, O, O M, M, N, N, O, O
1 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 3 4
Radial run-out friction surface 0,050 mm 0,100 mm
Location bore variation H9 H9
Ovality 0,040 mm 0,150 mm
Location face flatness 0,050 mm 0,050 mm
Friction surface roughness(1) 3,5 µm 3,5 µm
(1) Ra-value according to ISO 1302:2002
5.3.4.2. Performance requirements
The part shall pass the following performance tests according to Annexes 11 and 12 for categories M, N
and O and Annex 14 for categories L , L , L , L and L :
1 2 3 4 5
(a) The performance test according to Regulation No 13 or 13-H or 78;
(b) The Comparison test with dynamic frictional properties of the original part;
(c) The integrity tests for high load and thermal fatigue.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/69
5.3.5. Type
Brake discs/drums that do not differ in terms of their main characteristics as detailed below shall be
regarded as one type within one report or approval:
5.3.5.1. Type criteria for brake discs
5.3.5.1.1. Basic design
(a) With or without ventilation (e.g. solid, ventilated);
(b) Design of ventilation;
(c) Surface (e.g. with or without grooves or holes);
(d) Hub (with or without integrated parking brake drum);
(e) Mounting (rigid, semi-floating, floating, etc.);
(f) Hat (with or without integrated parking brake drum).
5.3.5.1.2. Material group
For brake discs for vehicles of categories M, N and O, all material groups (including their respective
subgroups) are considered to be a separate type.
For brake discs for vehicles of categories L , L , L , L and L , all material groups (excluding the martensitic
1 2 3 4 5
stainless steel subgroup) are considered to be a separate type.
5.3.5.1.2.1. Cast iron
5.3.5.1.2.2. Steel
5.3.5.1.2.3. Composite materials
5.3.5.1.2.4. Multi-material construction
5.3.5.2. Type criteria for brake drums
(a) Material group (e.g. steel, cast iron, composite);
(b) Hub (with/without);
(c) Composite design.
5.3.6. Test group criteria (within the same type)
It is only possible to test interchangeable parts in Test Groups if the connection between the mounting area
and the disc friction faces are of the same general form.
From each of the test groups mentioned below, at least one variant is subject to the corresponding tests laid
down in Annexes 10, 11 or 12. The variant chosen from within a test group to test the replacement part is
that which has the highest ratio of kinetic energy to its directly corresponding replacement part mass:
! !
E 0,5�m�v2
Max i ¼Max max, i
m m
replacement part, i replacement part, i
With:
V maximum design speed of the vehicle to which the replacement part is fitted (in the
max, i
case of trailers v is assumed at least at 80 km/h)
max, i
m test mass as defined in Annex 11, paragraph 3.2.1.2, Annex 12, paragraph 3.2.1.2
and Annex 14, paragraph 4.2.1.2.
m mass of the replacement part of the corresponding vehicle
replacement part, i
5.3.6.1. Replacement brake discs
5.3.6.1.1. Criteria concerning the formation of test groups with regard to replacement brake discs in vehicles
belonging to categories M , M , N , N , O and O
1 2 1 2 1 2L 290/70 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
5.3.6.1.1.1. Test group relating to the tests stipulated in paragraphs 1 to 4 of Annex 11 or Annex 12
This test group includes all brake discs where the outside diameter of the disc do not vary by more than
6 mm and the disc thickness by not more than 4 mm.
5.3.6.1.1.2. In the case of different materials within a group of materials, proof shall be furnished for each separate
material that the requirements stipulated in Annex 11 or Annex 12 are met.
5.3.6.1.2. Criteria concerning the formation of test groups with regard to replacement brake discs in vehicles
belonging to categories M , N , O and O
3 3 3 4
5.3.6.1.2.1. Test group relating to the tests stipulated in paragraphs 1 to 4 of Annex 11 or Annex 12
This test group includes all brake discs where the outside diameter of the disc does not vary by more than
10 mm and the disc thickness by not more than 4 mm.
5.3.6.1.2.2. In the case of different materials within a group of materials, proof shall be furnished for each separate
material that the requirements stipulated in Annex 11 or Annex 12 are met.
5.3.6.1.3. Criteria concerning the formation of test groups with regard to replacement brake discs in vehicles
belonging to categories L , L , L , L and L .
1 2 3 4 5
5.3.6.1.3.1. Test group relating to the tests stipulated of Annex 14.
This test group includes all brake discs according to the criteria set out in Annex 15.
5.3.6.2. Replacement brake drums
5.3.6.2.1. Criteria concerning the formation of test groups with regard to replacement brake drums in vehicles
belonging to categories M , M , N , N , O and O
1 2 1 2 1 2
5.3.6.2.1.1. Test group relating to the tests stipulated in paragraphs 1 to 4 of Annex 11 or Annex 12
This test group includes all brake drums that do not vary by more than 30 mm in terms of the inside
diameter of the drum and by more than 10 mm as regards the shoe width of the drum brake.
5.3.6.2.1.2. In the case of different materials within a group of materials, proof shall be furnished for each separate
material that the requirements stipulated in Annex 11 or Annex 12 are met.
5.3.6.2.2. Criteria concerning the formation of test groups with regard to replacement brake drums in vehicles
belonging to categories M , N , O and O
3 3 3 4
5.3.6.2.2.1. Test group relating to the tests stipulated in paragraphs 1 to 4 of Annex 11 or Annex 12
Brake drums may be grouped together as test groups on the basis that each permitted test group range is
from the smallest inside diameter to the smallest inside diameter +10 per cent and by no more than
40 mm on the shoe width of the drum.
5.3.6.2.2.2. In the case of different materials within a group of materials, proof shall be furnished for each separate
material that the requirements stipulated in Annex 11 or Annex 12 are met.
5.3.7. Scope of assessment with regard to replacement brake discs/drums
5.3.7.1. Geometric checks
Compared with original parts, replacement brake discs/drums shall be checked in terms of the following
applicable characteristics (see also Annex 10):
(a) Disc/drum diameter, including friction surface diameters (in the case of a disc brake with an integrated
parking brake drum, both diameters have to be checked);
(b) Disc thickness (original dimensions and the minimum permissible wear indication) — mounting face to
external friction surface;
(c) Mounting flange thickness;
(d) Pitch circle diameter of fixing holes/studs;
(e) Number of fixing holes/studs;16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/71
(f) Mounting flange diameter;
(g) Type of centring (e.g. central spigot or mounting bolts/studs);
(h) In the case of brake discs with integrated parking brake drums the width of the friction surface area and
any heat compensation groove(s);
(i) Additionally, in the case of ventilated brake discs:
(i) The type of ventilation (internal/external);
(ii) The number of ribs and pillars;
(iii) The dimensions of the ventilation duct.
5.3.7.2. Balancing provision
The balancing provision with regard to the replacement brake discs/drums shall correspond to that of the
original part being replaced.
5.3.7.3. Assessment of the wear condition of the friction surfaces
This shall conform to the vehicle manufacturer criteria.
5.3.7.4. Tests
Each test group (see paragraph 5.3.6) within a particular type of replacement brake disc/drum (see
paragraph 5.3.5) shall be tested by the Technical Service.
5.3.8. Test report
A test report shall be produced, the content of which shall be at least that defined in Annex 13 to this
Regulation.
6. PACKAGING AND MARKING
6.1. Packaging and marking requirements regarding a replacement brake lining assembly type, a replacement
drum brake lining type or a replacement drum brake lining:
6.1.1. Replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings conforming to a type approved in
accordance with this Regulation shall be marketed in axle sets.
6.1.2. Each axle set shall be contained in a sealed package constructed to show previous opening.
6.1.3. Each package shall display the following information:
6.1.3.1. The quantity of replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings in the package;
6.1.3.2. Manufacturer's name or trade mark;
6.1.3.3. Make and type of replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings;
6.1.3.4. The vehicles/axles/brakes for which the contents are approved;
6.1.3.5. The approval mark.
6.1.4. Each package shall contain fitting instructions in an official ECE language, supplemented by the
corresponding text in the language of the country where it is sold:
6.1.4.1. With particular reference to auxiliary parts;
6.1.4.2. Stating that replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings should be replaced in
axle sets;
6.1.4.3. With, in the case of replacement drum brake linings, a general statement calling attention to the following
points:
The integrity of the shoe platform, abutment and pivot;
Freedom of the shoe from distortion, deformation and corrosion;
The type and size of rivet to be used;
The required riveting tools and forces.
6.1.4.4. With, additionally, in the case of combined braking systems in the meaning of paragraph 2.9 of Regulation
No 78 giving the approved brake lining assembly combination(s).L 290/72 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
6.1.5. Each replacement brake lining assembly or replacement drum brake lining shall display permanently one set
of approval data:
6.1.5.1. The approval mark;
6.1.5.2. The date of manufacture, at least month and year, or batch number;
6.1.5.3. Make and type of brake lining.
6.2. Packaging and marking requirements regarding replacement brake discs or replacement brake drums
6.2.1. Every unit sold shall be provided with at least the following information:
6.2.1.1. Part number;
6.2.1.2. In the case of motor vehicles:
Make, type and trade name of the vehicle, the axle intended to be fitted and period of manufacturing
of the vehicle; should the period of manufacture not be readily available a reference to the original part
number/identification code may be used;
6.2.1.3. In the case of trailers a reference to the original part number/identification code shall be used;
6.2.1.4. Each package shall contain fitting instructions in the language of the country where it is sold:
6.2.1.4.1. With particular reference to ancillary parts;
6.2.1.4.2. Stating that replacement brake discs and drums should be replaced in axle sets.
6.2.2. Marking
Every brake disc/drum approved in accordance with this Regulation shall be durably marked with at least
the following information:
6.2.2.1. Manufacturer's name or trade mark;
6.2.2.2. The approval number;
6.2.2.3. Part number;
6.2.2.4. An indication which provides traceability of the production process (e.g. date, batch number, source code);
6.2.2.5. The minimum thickness of the brake disc or the maximum permissible inside diameter of the brake drum.
7. MODIFICATIONS AND EXTENSION OF APPROVAL OF REPLACEMENT PARTS
7.1. Every modification of the replacement part shall be notified to the Type Approval Authority which granted
the type approval. The Authority may then either:
7.1.1. Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have appreciable adverse effects and that in any event
the replacement part still complies with the requirements; or
7.1.2. Require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.
7.2. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be notified by the procedure specified
in paragraph 4.4 above to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation.
7.3. The Competent Authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an
extension and inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means
of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.
8. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
8.1. Replacement parts approved to this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type
approved.
8.2. Original parts being the subject of an application under paragraph 3.2 are deemed to satisfy the
requirements of paragraph 8.
8.3. To verify that the requirements of paragraph 8.1 are met, suitable controls of the production shall be
applied. These shall encompass the control of raw materials and components used.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/73
8.4. The holder of an approval shall in particular:
8.4.1. Ensure that for each replacement brake lining assembly type or replacement drum brake lining type at least
the relevant tests prescribed in paragraph 5.2.2 and the relevant tests as prescribed in Annex 9 to this
Regulation are carried out on a statistically controlled and random basis in accordance with a regular
quality assurance procedure. For parking brake lining assemblies only the shear strength described in
paragraph 5.2.2 is applicable.
8.4.2. Ensure that for each replacement disc and drum at least the tests prescribed in Annex 9 to this Regulation
are carried out on a statistically controlled and random basis in accordance with a regular quality assurance
procedure.
8.4.3. Ensure existence of procedures for the effective control of the quality of products;
8.4.4. Have access to the control equipment necessary for checking the conformity of each approved type;
8.4.5. Analyse the results of each type of test in order to verify and ensure the consistency of the product charac
teristics, making allowance for variation of an industrial production;
8.4.6. Ensure that data of test results are recorded and that annexed documents remain available for a period to be
determined in agreement with the administrative service;
8.4.7. Ensure that any samples or test pieces giving evidence of non-conformity with the type of test considered
shall give rise to another sampling and another test. All the necessary steps shall be taken to re-establish the
conformity of the corresponding production.
8.5. The Competent Authority which has granted type-approval may at any time verify the conformity control
methods applicable to each production unit.
8.5.1. In every inspection, the test books and production survey records shall be presented to the visiting
inspector.
8.5.2. The inspector may take samples at random to be tested in the manufacturer's laboratory. The minimum
number of samples may be determined according to the results of the manufacturer's own verification.
8.5.3. When the quality level appears unsatisfactory or when it seems necessary to verify the validity of the tests
carried out in application of paragraph 8.5.2 the inspector shall select samples to be sent to the technical
service which has conducted the type approval tests.
8.5.4. The competent authority may carry out any tests prescribed in this Regulation.
8.5.5. The normal frequency of inspections authorized by the Competent Authority shall be one per year. In the
case where negative results are recorded during one of these visits, the competent authority shall ensure
that all necessary steps are taken to re-establish the conformity of production as rapidly as possible.
9. PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
9.1. The approval granted in respect of a replacement brake lining assembly type or drum brake lining type
pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements laid down in paragraph 8.1 above are
not complied with.
The approval granted in respect of the type of a replacement brake drum or a replacement brake disc
pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements laid down in paragraph 8.1 above are
not complied with.
9.2. If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously
granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation, by means of
a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1A or Annex 1B to this Regulation.
10. PRODUCTION DEFINITIVELY DISCONTINUED
If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a replacement part approved in accordance
with this Regulation, he shall so inform the authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the
relevant communication that authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement
applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1A or 1B
to this Regulation.L 290/74 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
11. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF TECHNICAL SERVICES RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING APPROVAL TESTS, AND OF
TYPE APPROVAL AUTHORITIES
The Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement which apply this Regulation shall communicate to the
United Nations secretariat the names and addresses of the Technical Services responsible for conducting
approval tests and of the Type Approval Authorities which grant approval and to which forms certifying
approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval, or production definitively discontinued, issued
in other countries, are to be sent.
12. TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
12.1. As from the official date of entry into force of the 02 series of amendments, no Contracting Party applying
this Regulation shall refuse to grant approval under this Regulation as amended by the 02 series of
amendments.
12.2. Even after the date of entry into force of the 02 series of amendments, brake lining assembly and drum
brake lining approvals to the 01 series of amendments to the Regulation shall remain valid and Contracting
Parties applying the Regulation shall continue to accept them and shall not refuse to grant extensions of
approval to the 01 series of amendments to this Regulation.
12.3. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall continue to allow fitting or use on a vehicle in use of
a replacement brake lining assembly approved to this Regulation in its original, unamended form.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/75
ANNEX 1AL 290/76 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
ANNEX 1B16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/77
ANNEX 2
ARRANGEMENTS OF THE APPROVAL MARK AND APPROVAL DATA
(See paragraph 4.2 of this Regulation)
a = 8 mm min
The above approval mark shows that the item concerned has been approved in France (E2) pursuant to Regulation
No 90 under approval number C0359/7248. The first two digits of the approval number indicate that the approval was
granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No 90 as amended by the 02 series of amendments.
Example of pad assembly marking
Example of shoe assembly marking
Example of drum brake lining marking
Note: Positions of markings and mutual positions of markings shown in the examples are not mandatory.L 290/78 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
ANNEX 3
REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLIES FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES M,
1
M AND N
2 1
1. CONFORMANCE WITH REGULATION No 13 OR 13-H
Compliance with the requirements of Regulation No 13 or 13-H shall be demonstrated in a vehicle test.
1.1. Vehicle preparation
1.1.1. Test Vehicle
A vehicle which is representative of the type(s) for which the replacement brake lining assembly approval is
required shall be equipped with the replacement brake lining assemblies of the type for which approval is
requested and instrumented for brake testing as required by Regulations Nos 13 and 13-H.
Brake linings submitted for test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and, until a fixed burnishing procedure is
established, shall be burnished to the manufacturer's instructions in agreement with the technical service.
1.1.2. Bedding (burnishing) procedure
1.1.2.1. General conditions
Brake lining assemblies submitted for test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes. In the case of replacement
brake lining assemblies, new brake linings must be used. Drum brake linings may be machined to achieve the
best possible initial contact between the linings and drum(s). The test vehicle shall be fully laden.
Original brake lining assemblies used for comparison test and already fitted to the test vehicle may be used
provided they are in a good condition and have not been worn out by more than 20 per cent of the initial
thickness. They must not show damages, cracks, excessive corrosion or signs of overheating. They shall be
bedded to the procedure described below.
1.1.2.2. Procedure
Perform a minimum 50 km driving distance and at least 100 brake applications at varying decelerations (at
least between 1 m/s2 and 5 m/s2) with initial speeds between 50 km/h and 120 km/h. A temperature range
between 250 °C and 500 °C for pad assemblies or between 150 °C and 250 °C for drum brake lining
assemblies (measured at the rubbing surface of the disc or drum) must be achieved at least 3 times during the
bedding procedure. Temperatures must not exceed 500 °C for pad assemblies and 250 °C for drum brake
lining assemblies.
1.1.2.3. Performance check
By braking only one axle at a time perform 5 brake applications from 70 km/h to 0 km/h (front axle)
and 45 km/h to 0 km/h (rear axle) at a line pressure of 4 Mpa (1) and with an initial temperature of 100 °C
for each stop. The 5 consecutive non-monotonic results must remain within the tolerance of 0,6 m/s2 (front
axle) or 0,4 m/s2 (rear axle) of their mean fully developed deceleration.
If this requirement is not fulfilled the bedding procedure according to paragraph 1.1.2.2 must be extended and
the performance check according to paragraph 1.1.2.3 must be repeated.
1.2. The braking system of the vehicle shall be tested according to the requirements for the vehicle category in
question (M , M or N ) in Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraphs 1 and 2 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3,
1 2 1
paragraphs 1 and 2 whichever is appropriate taking into consideration the original approval of the system.
The applicable requirements or tests are:
1.2.1. Service braking system
1.2.1.1. Type-0 test with engine disconnected, vehicle laden, according to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.4.2
or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 1.4.2.
(1) For other than hydraulic braking systems an equivalent input value should be used.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/79
1.2.1.2. Type-0 test with engine connected, vehicle unladen and laden, according to Regulation No 13, Annex 4,
paragraphs 1.4.3.1 (stability test) and 1.4.3.2 (only the test with initial speed v = 0,8 v ) or Regulation
max
No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraphs 1.4.3.1 and 1.4.3.2.
1.2.1.3. Type-I test, according to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3,
paragraph 1.5.
1.2.2. Secondary braking system
1.2.2.1. Type-0 test with engine disconnected, vehicle laden, according to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 2.2
or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 2.2 (this test may be omitted in cases where it is obvious that the
requirements are met, e.g. diagonal split braking system).
1.2.3. Parking braking system
(Only applicable if the brakes for which lining approval is sought are used for parking).
1.2.3.1. Parking brake test at 18 per cent gradient, vehicle laden, according to Regulation No 13, Annex 4,
paragraph 2.3.1 or parking brake test at 20 per cent gradient, vehicle laden, Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3,
paragraph 2.3.1.
1.3. The vehicle must satisfy all the relevant requirements stated in Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 2 or
Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 2 for that category of vehicle.
2. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Compliance with the additional requirements shall be demonstrated by using one of the two following
methods:
2.1. Vehicle test (split axle test)
For this test the vehicle shall be fully laden and all brake applications made with engine disconnected, on
a level road.
The vehicle service brake control system shall be equipped with a means of isolating front and rear axle
brakes so that either may be used independently of the other.
Where brake lining assembly approval is required for front axle brakes the rear axle brakes shall remain
inoperative throughout the test.
Where brake lining assembly approval is required for rear axle brakes the front axle brakes shall remain
inoperative throughout the test.
2.1.1. Cold performance equivalence test
A comparison of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly and the original brake lining
assembly shall be made by comparing the results of testing to the following method:
2.1.1.1. Make a minimum of six brake applications at spaced increments of pedal effort or line pressure up to wheel
lock or, alternatively, up to a mean fully developed deceleration of 6 m/s2 or up to the allowed maximum
pedal force for the category of vehicle in question from an initial speed as given in the table below:
Test speed in km/h
Vehicle category
Front axle Rear axle
M 70 45
1
M 50 40
2
N 65 50
1
The initial brake temperature at the start of each application shall be ≤ 100 °C.L 290/80 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
2.1.1.2. Note and plot pedal force or line pressure and mean fully developed deceleration for each application, and
determine the pedal force or line pressure required to achieve (if possible) a mean fully developed deceleration
of 5 m/s2 for front axle brakes and 3 m/s2 for rear axle brakes. If these values cannot be achieved with the
maximum allowed pedal force determine alternatively the pedal force or line pressure required to achieve
maximum deceleration.
2.1.1.3. The replacement brake lining assembly shall be considered to show similar performance characteristics to the
original brake lining assembly if the achieved mean fully developed decelerations at the same control force or
line pressure in the upper two thirds of the generated curve are within 15 per cent of those obtained with the
original brake lining assembly.
2.1.2. Speed sensitivity test
2.1.2.1. Using the pedal force derived from paragraph 2.1.1.2 of this annex and with initial brake temperature
≤ 100 °C, make three brake applications from each of the following speeds:
(a) Front axle 65, 100 km/h and additionally 135 km/h where v exceeds 150 km/h;
max
(b) Rear axle 45, 65 km/h and additionally 90 km/h where v exceeds 150 km/h.
max
2.1.2.2. Average the results for each group of three applications and plot speed against corresponding mean fully
developed deceleration.
2.1.2.3. Mean fully developed decelerations recorded for the higher speeds shall lie within 15 per cent of that recorded
for the lowest speed.
2.2. Inertia dynamometer test
2.2.1. Test equipment
For the tests an inertia dynamometer shall be equipped with the vehicle brake in question. The dynamometer
shall be instrumented for continuous recording of rotational speed, brake torque, pressure in the brake line,
number of rotations after brake application, braking time and brake rotor temperature.
2.2.2. Test conditions
2.2.2.1. The rotational mass of the dynamometer shall correspond to half the axle portion of the maximum vehicle
mass as listed in the table below and to the rolling radius of the largest tyre that is authorized for that vehicle
type(s).
Axle portion of maximum vehicle mass
Vehicle category
Front Rear
M 0,77 0,32
1
M 0,69 0,44
2
N 0,66 0,39
1
2.2.2.2. The initial dynamometer rotational speed shall correspond to the linear vehicle speed as stated in paragraphs
2.2.3 and 2.2.4 of this annex and shall be based on the dynamic rolling radius of the tyre.
2.2.2.3. Brake linings submitted for test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and bedded (burnished) according to the
following procedure:
Burnishing phase 1, 64 snubs from 80 km/h to 30 km/h at varying line pressures:
Rear axle Rear axle
Parameter Front axle Disc brake Drum brake
Number of snubs per cycle 32 32 32
Brake speed (km/h) 80 80 8016.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/81
Rear axle Rear axle
Parameter Front axle Disc brake Drum brake
Release speed (km/h) 30 30 30
Initial brake temperature (°C) < 100 < 100 < 80
Final brake temperature (°C) Open Open Open
Pressure snub 1 (kPa) 1 500 1 500 1 500
Pressure snub 2 (kPa) 3 000 3 000 3 000
Pressure snub 3 (kPa) 1 500 1 500 1 500
Pressure snub 4 (kPa) 1 800 1 800 1 800
Pressure snub 5 (kPa) 2 200 2 200 2 200
Pressure snub 6 (kPa) 3 800 3 800 3 800
Pressure snub 7 (kPa) 1 500 1 500 1 500
Pressure snub 8 (kPa) 2 600 2 600 2 600
Pressure snub 9 (kPa) 1 800 1 800 1 800
Pressure snub 10 (kPa) 3 400 3 400 3 400
Pressure snub 11 (kPa) 1 500 1 500 1 500
Pressure snub 12 (kPa) 2 600 2 600 2 600
Pressure snub 13 (kPa) 1 500 1 500 1 500
Pressure snub 14 (kPa) 2 200 2 200 2 200
Pressure snub 15 (kPa) 3 000 3 000 3 000
Pressure snub 16 (kPa) 4 600 4 600 4 600
Pressure snub 17 (kPa) 2 600 2 600 2 600
Pressure snub 18 (kPa) 5 100 5 100 5 100
Pressure snub 19 (kPa) 2 200 2 200 2 200
Pressure snub 20 (kPa) 1 800 1 800 1 800
Pressure snub 21 (kPa) 4 200 4 200 4 200
Pressure snub 22 (kPa) 1 500 1 500 1 500
Pressure snub 23 (kPa) 1 800 1 800 1 800
Pressure snub 24 (kPa) 4 600 4 600 4 600
Pressure snub 25 (kPa) 2 600 2 600 2 600
Pressure snub 26 (kPa) 1 500 1 500 1 500
Pressure snub 27 (kPa) 3 400 3 400 3 400
Pressure snub 28 (kPa) 2 200 2 200 2 200
Pressure snub 29 (kPa) 1 800 1 800 1 800L 290/82 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
Rear axle Rear axle
Parameter Front axle Disc brake Drum brake
Pressure snub 30 (kPa) 3 000 3 000 3 000
Pressure snub 31 (kPa) 1 800 1 800 1 800
Pressure snub 32 (kPa) 3 800 3 800 3 800
Number of cycles 2 2 2
Burnishing phase 2, 10 stops from 100 km/h to 5 km/h at 0,4 g deceleration and increasing initial
temperatures:
Rear axle Rear axle
Parameter Front axle Disc brake Drum brake
Number of stops per cycle 10 10 10
Brake speed (km/h) 100 100 100
Release speed (km/h) < 5 < 5 < 5
Deceleration level (g) 0,4 0,4 0,4
Maximum pressure (kPa) 16 000 16 000 10 000
Initial temperature 1 (°C) < 100 < 100 < 100
Initial temperature 2 (°C) < 215 < 215 < 151
Initial temperature 3 (°C) < 283 < 283 < 181
Initial temperature 4 (°C) < 330 < 330 < 202
Initial temperature 5 (°C) < 367 < 367 < 219
Initial temperature 6 (°C) < 398 < 398 < 232
Initial temperature 7 (°C) < 423 < 423 < 244
Initial temperature 8 (°C) < 446 < 446 < 254
Initial temperature 9 (°C) < 465 < 465 < 262
Initial temperature 10 (°C) < 483 < 483 < 270
Number of cycles 1 1 1
Recovery, 18 snubs from 80 km/h to 30 km/h at line pressure of 3 000 kPa:
Rear axle Rear axle
Parameter Front axle Disc brake Drum brake
Number of stops per cycle 18 18 18
Brake speed (km/h) 80 80 80
Release speed (km/h) 30 30 30
Pressure (kPa) 3 000 3 000 3 000
Initial brake temperature (°C) < 100 < 100 < 80
Final brake temperature (°C) Open Open Open
Number of cycles 1 1 116.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/83
2.2.2.4. Perform 5 brake applications from 80 km/h to 0 km/h at a line pressure of 4 MPa and with an initial
temperature of 100 °C for each stop. The 5 consecutive non-monotonic results must remain within the
tolerance of 0,6 m/s2 of their mean fully developed deceleration.
If this requirement is not fulfilled the first part of the bedding procedure ‘Burnishing Phase 1’ must be
repeated until the required performance stability is achieved.
2.2.2.5. The use of cooling air is permitted. The speed of the airflow during the brake application at the brake
shall be:
v = 0,33 v
air
Where:
v = vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.
2.2.3. Cold performance equivalence test
A comparison of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly and the original brake lining
assembly shall be made by comparing the results of testing to the following method.
2.2.3.1. From the initial speed of 80 km/h for M and N and 60 km/h for M and with brake temperature ≤ 100 °C at
1 1 2
the start of each application make a minimum of six brake applications at spaced intervals of line pressure up
to a mean fully developed deceleration of 6 m/s2.
2.2.3.2. Note and plot line pressure and mean fully developed deceleration for each application, and determine line
pressure required to achieve 5 m/s2.
2.2.3.3. The replacement brake lining assembly shall be considered to show similar performance characteristics to the
original brake lining assembly if the achieved mean fully developed decelerations at the same control force or
line pressure in the upper two thirds of the generated curve are within 15 per cent of those obtained with the
original brake lining assembly.
2.2.4. Speed sensitivity test
2.2.4.1. Using the line pressure derived from paragraph 2.2.3.2 and with initial brake temperature ≤ 100 °C make
three brake applications from rotational speeds corresponding to vehicle linear speeds of:
75, 120 km/h and additionally 160 km/h where v exceeds 150 km/h.
max
2.2.4.2. Average the results for each group of three applications and plot speed against corresponding mean fully
developed deceleration.
2.2.4.3. Mean fully developed decelerations recorded for the higher speeds shall lie within 15 per cent of that recorded
for the lowest speed.L 290/84 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
ANNEX 4
REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLIES AND DRUM BRAKE LININGS FOR
VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES M, N AND N
3 2 3
1. VEHICLE TEST
1.1. Test vehicle
A vehicle which is representative of the type(s) for which the replacement brake lining assembly approval or
drum brake lining approval is required shall be equipped with brake lining assemblies or drum brake linings
of the type for which approval is sought and instrumented for brake testing as required by Regulation
No 13.
Brake linings submitted for test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and, until a fixed burnishing procedure
is established, shall be burnished to the manufacturer's instructions in agreement with the technical service.
1.2. Tests and requirements
1.2.1. Conformance with Regulation No 13
1.2.1.1. The braking system of the vehicle shall be tested according to the requirements for the vehicle category in
question (M , N or N ) in Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraphs 1 and 2. The applicable requirements or
3 2 3
tests are:
1.2.1.1.1. Service braking system
1.2.1.1.1.1. Type-0 test with engine disconnected, vehicle laden
1.2.1.1.1.2. Type-0 test with engine connected, vehicle unladen and laden, according to Regulation No 13, Annex 4,
paragraphs 1.4.3.1 (stability test) and 1.4.3.2 (only the test with initial speed v = 0,8 v ).
max
1.2.1.1.1.3. Type-I test according to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraphs 1.5.1 and 1.5.3.
1.2.1.1.1.4. Type-II test
The laden vehicle must be tested in such a manner that the energy input is equivalent to that recorded in
the same period of time with the laden vehicle driven at an average speed of 30 km/h on a 2,5 per cent
down-gradient for a distance of 6 km with the gear disengaged, the braking energy being taken by the
service brakes alone.
1.2.1.1.2. Secondary braking system
1.2.1.1.2.1. Type-0 test with engine disconnected, vehicle laden (this test may be omitted if covered by tests according
to paragraph 1.2.2 of this annex).
1.2.1.1.3. Parking braking system
(Only applicable if the brakes for which lining approval is sought are used for parking.)
1.2.1.1.3.1. Downhill test at 18 per cent gradient, vehicle laden
1.2.1.2. The vehicle must satisfy all relevant requirements stated in Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 2 for
that category of vehicle.
1.2.2. Additional requirements (split axle test)
For the tests mentioned below the vehicle shall be fully laden and all brake applications made with engine
disconnected, on a level road.
The vehicle service brake control system shall be equipped with a means of isolating front and rear axle
brakes so that either may be used independently of the other.
Where brake lining assembly approval or drum brake lining approval is required for front axle brakes the
rear axle brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/85
Where brake lining assembly approval or drum brake lining approval is required for rear axle brakes the
front axle brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.
1.2.2.1. Cold performance equivalence test
A comparison of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly or the replacement drum
brake lining and the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining shall be made by
comparing the results of testing to the following method.
1.2.2.1.1. Make a minimum of six brake applications at spaced increments of pedal force or line pressure up to wheel
lock or, alternatively, up to a mean fully developed deceleration of 3,5 m/s2 or up to the maximum allowed
pedal force or up to the maximum line pressure from an initial speed of 45 km/h and with a brake
temperature ≤ 100 °C at the start of each application.
1.2.2.1.2. Note and plot pedal force or line pressure and mean fully developed deceleration for each application, and
determine the pedal force or line pressure required to achieve (if possible) a mean fully developed
deceleration of 3 m/s2. If this value cannot be achieved determine alternatively the pedal force or line
pressure required to achieve maximum deceleration.
1.2.2.1.3. The replacement brake lining assembly or the replacement drum brake lining shall be considered to show
similar performance characteristics to the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining if
the achieved mean fully developed decelerations at the same control force or line pressure in the upper two
thirds of the generated curve are within 15 per cent of those obtained with the original brake lining
assembly or the original drum brake lining.
1.2.2.2. Speed sensitivity test
1.2.2.2.1. Using the pedal force derived from paragraph 1.2.2.1.2 of this annex and with initial brake temperature
≤ 100 °C, make three brake applications from each of the following speeds:
40 km/h down to 20 km/h,
60 km/h down to 40 km/h, and
80 km/h down to 60 km/h (if v ≥ 90 km/h).
max
1.2.2.2.2. Average the results for each group of three applications and plot speed against corresponding mean fully
developed deceleration.
1.2.2.2.3. Mean fully developed decelerations recorded for the higher speeds shall lie within 25 per cent of that
recorded for the lowest speed.
2. INERTIA DYNAMOMETER TEST
2.1. Test equipment
For the tests an inertia dynamometer shall be equipped with the vehicle brake in question. The
dynamometer shall be instrumented for continuous recording of rotational speed, brake torque, pressure in
the brake line, number of rotations after brake application, braking time and brake rotor temperature.
2.1.1. Test conditions
2.1.1.1. The rotational mass of the dynamometer shall correspond to half the axle portion of 0,55 of the maximum
vehicle mass and the rolling radius of the largest tyre that is authorised for that vehicle type(s).
2.1.1.2. The initial dynamometer rotational speed shall correspond to the linear vehicle speed as stated in the
paragraphs below and shall be based on the mean of the dynamic rolling radii of the largest and smallest
tyres authorized for that vehicle type(s).
2.1.1.3. Brake lining assemblies or drum brake linings submitted for the test shall be fitted to the brake and, until
a fixed burnishing procedure is established, shall be burnished to the manufacturer's instructions in
agreement with the technical service.L 290/86 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
2.1.1.4. If cooling air is used, the speed of the airflow at the brake shall be:
v = 0,33v
air
Where:
v = vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.
2.1.1.5. The actuation cylinder fitted to the brake must be of the smallest size that is authorized for that vehicle
type(s).
2.2. Tests and requirements
2.2.1. Tests derived from Regulation No 13
2.2.1.1. Type-0 test
From the initial speed of 60 km/h with a brake temperature ≤ 100 °C at the start of each application make
a minimum of six brake applications at spaced intervals of line pressure up to the line pressure that is
permanently guaranteed by the braking system of the vehicle type(s) (e.g. cut in pressure of the
compressor). A mean fully developed deceleration of at least 5 m/s2 must be achieved.
2.2.1.2. Type-0 test, high speed performance
Make three brake applications with a brake temperature of ≤ 100 °C at the start of each application from
a speed of 100 km/h where approval is directed to vehicles of category N and 90 km/h where approval is
2
directed to vehicles of categories M and N using the guaranteed line pressure as defined in
3 3
paragraph 2.2.1.1. The mean value of the achieved mean fully developed decelerations of the three
applications must be at least 4 m/s2.
2.2.1.3. Type-I test
2.2.1.3.1. Heating procedure
Make 20 consecutive snub applications with v = 60 km/h and v = 30 km/h with a cycle time of 60 s
1 2
starting at a brake temperature of ≤ 100 °C at the first application. The line pressure shall correspond to
a deceleration of 3 m/s2 at the first application and must remain constant throughout the succeeding
applications.
2.2.1.3.2. Hot performance
On completion of the heating procedure the hot performance shall be measured under the conditions of
paragraph 2.2.1.1 above using the guaranteed line pressure as defined in paragraph 2.2.1.1 (the temperature
conditions may be different). The mean fully developed deceleration with the heated brake must not be less
than 60 per cent of the value achieved with the cold brake or 4 m/s2.
2.2.1.3.3. Recovery
Starting 120 s after the hot performance brake application make 5 full stops with the line pressure used in
paragraph 2.2.1.3.1 above and with intervals of at least 2 minutes from the initial speed of 60 km/h. At the
beginning of the fifth application the brake temperature shall be ≤ 100 °C and the mean fully developed
deceleration achieved shall be within 10 per cent of that calculated from the relation line pressure/dece
leration of the Type-0 test at 60 km/h.
2.2.1.4. Type-II test
2.2.1.4.1. Heating procedure
The brakes shall be heated by constant braking torque corresponding to a deceleration of 0,15 m/s2 at
a constant speed of 30 km/h during a period of 12 minutes.
2.2.1.4.2. Hot performance
On completion of the heating procedure the hot performance shall be measured under the conditions of
paragraph 2.2.1.1 above using the guaranteed line pressure as defined in paragraph 2.2.1.1 (the temperature
conditions may be different). The mean fully developed deceleration with the heated brake must not be less
than 3,75 m/s2.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/87
2.2.1.5. Static test for parking performance
2.2.1.5.1. For the whole range of applications determine the worst case regarding input force to the brake, maximum
vehicle mass to be braked by one axle, and tyre radius.
2.2.1.5.2. Apply the brake with the input force as determined under paragraph 2.2.1.5.1 above.
2.2.1.5.3. Put a slowly increasing torque on the dynamometer shaft in order to turn the drum or disc. Measure the
output torque at the brake in the moment the dynamometer shaft begins to move and calculate
corresponding axle braking force using the tyre radius as determined under paragraph 2.2.1.5.1.
2.2.1.5.4. The brake force measured under paragraph 2.2.1.5.3 divided by one-half of the vehicle mass as determined
under paragraph 2.2.1.5.1 must give at least a quotient of 0,18.
2.2.2. Cold performance equivalence test
A comparison of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly or the replacement drum
brake lining and the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining shall be made by
comparing the results of the Type-0 test as described in paragraph 2.2.1.1.
2.2.2.1. The Type-0 test as prescribed in paragraph 2.2.1.1 shall be performed with one set of the original brake
lining assembly or the original drum brake lining.
2.2.2.2. The replacement brake lining assembly or the replacement drum brake lining shall be considered to show
similar performance characteristics to the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining if
the achieved mean fully developed decelerations at the same line pressure in the upper two thirds of the
generated curve are within 15 per cent of those obtained with the original brake lining assembly or the
original drum brake lining.
2.2.3. Speed sensitivity test
2.2.3.1. Using the guaranteed line pressure as defined in paragraph 2.2.1.1 and with initial brake temperature
≤ 100 °C, make three brake applications from each of the following speeds:
60 km/h down to 30 km/h,
80 km/h down to 60 km/h, and
110 km/h down to 80 km/h (if v ≥ 90 km/h).
max
2.2.3.2. Average the results for each group of three applications and plot speed against corresponding mean fully
developed deceleration.
2.2.3.3. Mean fully developed decelerations recorded for the higher speeds shall lie within 25 per cent of that
recorded for the lowest speed.L 290/88 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
ANNEX 5
REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLIES FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES O
1
AND O
2
1. GENERAL
The test method described in this annex is based on an inertia dynamometer test. Alternatively the tests may be
carried out on a test vehicle or on a rolling road test bench provided that the same test conditions are achieved
and the same parameters measured as in the inertia dynamometer test.
2. TEST EQUIPMENT
For the tests an inertia dynamometer shall be equipped with the vehicle brake in question. The dynamometer
shall be instrumented for continuous recording of rotational speed, brake torque, pressure in the brake line or
actuation force, number of rotations after brake application, braking time and brake rotor temperature.
2.1. Test conditions
2.1.1. The rotational mass of the dynamometer shall correspond to half the relevant axle portion of the maximum
vehicle mass and the rolling radius of the largest tyre that is authorized for that vehicle type(s).
2.1.2. The initial dynamometer rotational speed shall correspond to the linear vehicle speed as stated in paragraph 3.1
of this annex and shall be based on the dynamic rolling radius of the smallest tyre that is authorized for that
vehicle type(s).
2.1.3. Brake linings submitted for the test shall be fitted to the relevant brake and, until a fixed burnishing procedure is
established, shall be burnished to the manufacturer's instructions in agreement with the technical service.
2.1.4. If cooling air is used, the speed of the airflow at the brake shall be:
v = 0,33v
air
Where:
v = vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.
2.1.5. The actuation device fitted to the brake must correspond to the vehicle installation.
3. TESTS AND REQUIREMENTS
3.1. Type-0 test
From the initial speed of 60 km/h with a brake temperature ≤ 100 °C at the start of each application make
a minimum of six consecutive brake applications at spaced intervals of line pressure or application force up to
the maximum line pressure or up to 6 m/s2 deceleration. Repeat the last brake application using an initial speed
of 40 km/h.
3.2. Type-I test
3.2.1. Heating procedure
The brake shall be heated with continuous braking according to the requirement of Regulation No 13, Annex 4,
paragraph 1.5.2 starting with a brake rotor temperature ≤ 100 °C.
3.2.2. Hot performance
On completion of the heating procedure the hot performance from an initial speed of 40 km/h shall be
measured under the conditions of paragraph 3.2.1 above using the same line pressure or application force (the
temperature conditions may be different). The mean fully developed deceleration with the heated brake must not
be less than 60 per cent of the value achieved with the cold brake or 3,5 m/s2.
3.3. Cold performance equivalence test
A comparison of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly and the original brake lining
assembly shall be made by comparing the results of the Type-0 test as described in paragraph 3.1.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/89
3.3.1. The Type-0 test as prescribed in paragraph 3.1 shall be performed with one set of the original brake lining
assembly.
3.3.2. The replacement brake lining assembly shall be considered to show similar performance characteristics to the
original brake lining assembly if the achieved mean fully developed decelerations at the same line pressure or
application force in the upper two thirds of the generated curve are within 15 per cent of those obtained with
the original brake lining assembly.L 290/90 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
ANNEX 6
REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLIES AND DRUM BRAKE LININGS FOR
VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES O AND O
3 4
1. TEST CONDITIONS
The tests prescribed in this annex may be carried out alternatively on a test vehicle or on an inertia dynamometer
or on a rolling road test bench under the same conditions as mentioned in Regulation 13, Annex 11,
Appendix 2, paragraphs 3.1 to 3.4.
Brake linings submitted for test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and, until a fixed burnishing procedure is
established, shall be burnished to the manufacturer's instructions in agreement with the technical service.
2. TESTS AND REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Conformance with Regulation No 13, Annex 11
The brakes shall be tested according to the requirements of Regulation No 13, Annex 11, Appendix 2,
paragraph 3.5.
2.1.1. The results shall be reported in a form according to Regulation No 13, Annex 11, Appendix 3.
2.1.2. A comparison shall be made between these results and those obtained with the original brake lining assemblies
or the original drum brake linings under the same conditions.
2.1.3. The achieved hot performance at the same input torque of the replacement brake lining assembly or the
replacement drum brake lining in the Type-I test or in the Type-III test (whichever is applicable) must be:
(a) Equal to or higher than the hot performance of the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake
lining; or
(b) At least 90 per cent of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly or the replacement
drum brake lining.
The corresponding stroke of the actuator must not be ≥ 110 per cent of the value achieved with the original
brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining and must not exceed the value s as defined in Annex 11,
p
Appendix 2, paragraph 2 of Regulation No 13. In the case where the original brake lining assembly or drum
brake lining has been tested against the Type-II test requirements, the minimum requirements of Regulation
No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.7.2 (Type-III test) are applicable for the replacement brake lining assembly or drum
brake lining.
2.2. Cold performance equivalence test (Type-0)
2.2.1. Under the conditions of paragraph 1 of this annex and from an initial speed of 60 km/h with a brake
temperature ≤ 100 °C make 6 brake applications at spaced intervals of control force or line pressure
up to 6,5 bar or an achieved deceleration of 6 m/s2.
2.2.2. Note and plot control force or line pressure and mean brake torque or mean fully developed deceleration for
each application.
2.2.3. Compare the results with those obtained with the original brake lining assemblies or the original drum brake
linings under the same test conditions.
2.2.4. The replacement brake lining assembly or the replacement drum brake lining shall be considered to show similar
performance characteristics to the original brake lining assembly or the original drum brake lining if the achieved
mean fully developed decelerations at the same input force or line pressure in the upper two thirds of the
generated curve are within –5 per cent and +15 per cent of those obtained with the original brake lining
assembly or the original drum brake lining.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/91
ANNEX 7
REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLIES FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORY L
1. TEST CONDITIONS
1.1. A vehicle which is representative of the type(s) for which the replacement brake lining assembly approval is
required shall be equipped with the brake lining assemblies of the type for which approval is requested and
instrumented for brake testing as required by Regulation No 78.
1.2. Brake lining assemblies submitted for the test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and, until a fixed burnishing
procedure is established, shall be burnished to the manufacturer's instructions in agreement with the technical
service.
1.3. In the case of brake lining assemblies for vehicles with a combined braking system in the meaning of
paragraph 2.9 of Regulation No 78 the combination(s) of brake lining assemblies for the front and the rear axle
to which the approval shall be directed must be tested.
The combination may consist of replacement brake lining assemblies for both axles and/or a replacement brake
lining assembly on one and an original brake lining assembly on the other axle.
2. TESTS AND REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Conformance with Regulation No 78
2.1.1. The braking system of the vehicle shall be tested according to the requirements for the vehicle category in
question (L , L , L , L or L ) in Regulation No 78, Annex 3, paragraph 1. The applicable requirements or tests
1 2 3 4 5
are:
2.1.1.1. Type-0 test with engine disconnected
The test is to be carried out only in the laden condition. Make a minimum of six brake applications at spaced
increments of control force or line pressure up to wheel lock, or up to a deceleration of 6 m/s2 or up to the
maximum allowed control force.
2.1.1.2. Type-0 test with engine connected
Only applicable for vehicles of categories L , L and L
3 4 5
2.1.1.3. Type-0 test with wet brakes
Not applicable to vehicles of category L or in cases of drum brakes or fully enclosed disc brakes not subjected
5
to this test during approval to Regulation No 78.
2.1.1.4. Type-I test
Only applicable for vehicles of categories L , L and L
3 4 5
2.1.2. The vehicle must satisfy all the relevant requirements stated in Regulation No 78, Annex 3, paragraph 2 for
that category of vehicles.
2.2. Additional requirements
2.2.1. Cold performance equivalence test
A comparison of the cold performance of the replacement brake lining assembly and the original brake lining
assembly shall be made by comparing the results of the Type-0 test as described in paragraph 2.1.1.1.
2.2.1.1. The Type-0 test as prescribed in paragraph 2.1.1.1 shall be performed with one set of the original brake lining
assembly.
2.2.1.2. The replacement brake lining assembly shall be considered to show similar performance characteristics to the
original brake lining assembly if the achieved mean fully developed decelerations at the same line pressure in
the upper two thirds of the generated curve are within 15 per cent of those obtained with the original brake
lining assembly.L 290/92 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
2.2.2. Speed sensitivity test
This test is only applicable for vehicles of categories L , L and L and shall be carried out with the laden
3 4 5
vehicle under the conditions of the Type-0 test with engine disconnected. However, the test speeds are different.
2.2.2.1. From the results of the Type-0 test as described in paragraph 2.1.1.1 determine the control force or line
pressure corresponding to the minimum required mean fully developed deceleration for that category of
vehicle.
2.2.2.2. Using the control force or line pressure determined in paragraph 2.2.2.1 and with initial brake temperature
≤ 100 °C, make three brake applications from each of the following speeds:
40 km/h, 80 km/h and 120 km/h (if v ≥ 130 km/h).
max
2.2.2.3. Average the results for each group of three applications and plot speed against corresponding mean fully
developed deceleration.
2.2.2.4. Mean fully developed decelerations recorded for the higher speeds shall lie within 15 per cent of that recorded
for the lowest speed.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/93
ANNEX 7a
CRITERIA TO DEFINE GROUPS OF BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLY FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORY L
1. GROUPING CRITERIA
The grouping is made according to the following approach:
(a) According to the individual friction material of the brake lining;
(b) Depending on the area of the friction material area of the brake lining assembly operated by the piston/pistons
of only one side of the brake caliper.
Friction material area means all the area enclosed within the perimeter of the brake lining (see the red cross-hatched
area, Figure 1), thus excluding the presence of any grooves and/or chamfers:
Figure 1
3 area groups are foreseen, as in Table 1:
Table 1
Brake lining area
Group
[cm2]
A ≤ 15
B > 15 ≤ 22
C > 22
2. PROCEDURE FOR SELECTION OF THE BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLY REPRESENTATIVE OF THE GROUP TO BE APPROVED
The brake lining assembly to be approved is defined, according to the following criteria:
(a) Choice of friction material to be approved;
(b) Verification of the applications where the chosen friction material is applied;
(c) Definition of the area of the selected brake lining assemblies according to Table 1, and classification into groups
A – B – C;
(d) For each group, selection of the most severe application, according to the highest value of the index Ep (kinetic
energy by brake lining area), as follows:
E = ½ × M × p × (V × c)2/(S × q )
p p
where:
Ep = kinetic energy index [kJ/cm2]
M = gross vehicle weight of the vehicle [kg]L 290/94 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
p = allocation percentage of the vehicle weight:
(a) for front braking system:
(i) 75 per cent in case of 1 brake disc
(ii) 37,5 per cent in case of 2 brake discs
(b) for rear braking system:
(i) 50 %
V = vehicle maximum speed [m/s]
c = correction coefficient of speed:
(c) for front braking system = 0,8
(d) for rear braking system: variable according to the brake disc diameter:
(i) 0,5 for Ø ≤ 245 [mm]
(ii) 0,6 per Ø > 245 < 280 [mm]
(iii) 0,75 per Ø ≥ 280 [mm]
S = brake lining area as defined in Table 1 [cm2].
q = number of pads in 1 caliper
p
3. EXTENSION OF THE HOMOLOGATION FOR NEW APPLICATION
For new application that will be included into an existing group, an increase of 10 per cent MAX kinetic energy
index (Ep = kinetic energy [kJ/cm2]) is allowed with reference to the value used for the approval of the brake lining
assembly of the reference group.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/95
ANNEX 8
TECHNICAL PRESCRIPTIONS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLIES INTENDED FOR THE USE
IN SEPARATE PARKING BRAKE SYSTEMS BEING INDEPENDENT OF THE VEHICLE SERVICE BRAKE
SYSTEM
1. COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATION No 13 OR 13-H
Compliance with the requirements of Regulation No 13 or 13-H shall be demonstrated in a vehicle test.
1.1. Vehicle test
A vehicle which is representative of the type(s) for which the replacement brake lining assembly approval is
required shall be equipped with the replacement brake lining assemblies of the type for which approval is requested
and instrumented for brake testing as required by Regulation No 13 or Regulation No 13-H whichever is
appropriate. The vehicle shall be fully laden. Brake linings submitted for test shall be fitted to the relevant brakes
and shall not be burnished.
1.2. The parking braking system of the vehicle shall be tested according to all relevant requirements in Regulation
No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 2.3 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 2.3, whichever is appropriate taking
into consideration the original approval of the system.L 290/96 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
ANNEX 9
SPECIAL ADDITIONAL PROCEDURES FOR CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
PART A
Determination of friction behaviour by machine testing
1. INTRODUCTION
Part A applies to replacement brake lining assemblies or replacement drum brake linings approved to this
Regulation.
1.1. Samples of a replacement brake lining assembly type shall be tested on a machine capable of generating the
test conditions and applying the test procedures described in this annex.
1.2. Test results shall be evaluated to determine sample friction behaviour.
1.3. The friction behaviour of samples shall be compared to assess conformity with the standard registered for
a replacement brake lining assembly type.
2. REPLACEMENT BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLIES FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES M, M, N, O, O, AND L
1 2 1 1 2
2.1. Equipment
2.1.1. The machine shall be designed to accept and operate a full size brake similar to those fitted to the vehicle axle
used for approval testing to paragraph 5 of this Regulation.
2.1.2. The disc or drum rotational speed shall be 660 ± 10 1/min (1) without load and shall not fall below
600 1/min on full load.
2.1.3. The test cycles and brake applications during the cycles to be adjustable and automatic.
2.1.4. Output torque or brake pressure (constant torque method) and working surface temperature shall be
recorded.
2.1.5. Provisions shall be made to direct cooling air across the brake at a rate of 600 ± 60 m3/h.
2.2. Test procedure
2.2.1. Sample preparation
The manufacturer's bedding schedule shall ensure a minimum of 80 per cent surface contact area for pad
assemblies without exceeding a surface temperature of 300 °C and 70 per cent surface contact area for the
leading shoe assemblies without exceeding a surface temperature of 200 °C.
2.2.2. Test schedule
The test schedule comprises a number of consecutive braking cycles each containing X braking intervals of
5 seconds brake applied followed by 10 seconds brake released.
The following two methods may be used alternatively.
2.2.2.1. Test schedule with constant pressure
2.2.2.1.1. Pad assemblies
The hydraulic pressure p under the piston(s) of the caliper shall be constant following the formula:
M
p¼ d
0,57�r �A
w k
M = 150 Nm for Ak ≤ 18,1 cm2
d
M = 300 Nm for Ak > 18,1 cm2
d
(1) In the case of vehicles of categories L and L, a lower test speed may be used.
1 216.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/97
A = area of caliper piston(s)
k
r = effective radius of disc
w
No of Number of brake applica Initial brake rotor Max. brake rotor tempera
Forced cooling
cycle tions X temperature (°C) ture (°C)
1 1 × 10 ≤ 60 open no
2-6 5 × 10 100 open (350)(1) no
7 1 × 10 100 open yes
(1) In the case of vehicles of category L, the temperature shall be limited to 350 °C. If necessary, the number of applications
per cycle must be reduced accordingly. However, in this case, the number of cycles shall be increased to keep the total
number of applications constant.
2.2.2.1.2. Shoe assemblies
The mean contact pressure at the brake lining working surface shall be constant at 22 ± 6 N/cm2 calculated
for a static brake without self-energizing.
No of Number of brake applica Initial brake rotor Max. brake rotor tempera
Forced cooling
cycle tions X temperature (°C) ture (°C)
1 1 × 10 ≤ 60 200 yes
2 1 × 10 100 open no
3 1 × 10 100 200 yes
4 1 × 10 100 open no
2.2.2.2. Test schedule with constant torque
This method applies only for pad assemblies. The brake torque shall be constant within a tolerance of ± 5 per
cent and adjusted to guarantee the maximum brake rotor temperatures given in the table below.
No of Number of brake applica Initial brake rotor Max. brake rotor tempera
Forced cooling
cycle tions X temperature (°C) ture (°C)
1 1 × 5 ≤ 60 300-350 (200-250)(1) no
2-4 3 × 5 100 300-350 (200-250) no
5 1 × 10 100 500-600 (300-350) no
6-9 4 × 5 100 300-350 (200-250) no
10 1 × 10 100 500-600 (300-350) no
11-13 3 × 5 100 300-350 (200-250) no
14 1 × 5 ≤ 60 300-350 (200-250) no
(1) Values in brackets for vehicles of category L.
2.3. Evaluation of test results
Friction behaviour is determined from the brake torque noted at selected points in a test schedule. Where
brake factor is constant, e.g. a disc brake, brake torque may be translated to coefficient of friction.
2.3.1. Pad assemblies
2.3.1.1. The operational coefficient of friction (µ ) is the mean of the values recorded during cycles two to seven
op
(constant pressure method) or during cycles 2-4, 6-9 and 11-13 (constant torque method); measurement
being made one second after commencing the first brake application of each cycle.
2.3.1.2. The maximum coefficient of friction (µ ) is the highest value recorded during all cycles.
max
2.3.1.3. The minimum coefficient of friction (µ ) is the lowest value recorded during all cycles.
minL 290/98 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
2.3.2. Shoe assemblies
2.3.2.1. The mean torque (M ) is the average of the maximum and minimum values of brake torque recorded
mean
during the fifth brake application of cycles one and three.
2.3.2.2. The hot torque (M ) is the minimum brake torque developed during cycles two and four. If the temperature
hot
exceeds 300 °C during these cycles the value at 300 °C is to be taken as M .
hot
2.4. Acceptance criteria
2.4.1. With each application for approval of a brake lining assembly type there shall be submitted:
2.4.1.1. For pad assemblies, values for µ , µ , µ .
op min max
2.4.1.2. For shoe assemblies, values for M and M .
mean hot
2.4.2. During production of an approved brake lining assembly type, test samples must demonstrate compliance
with the values registered under paragraph 2.4.1 of this annex with the following tolerances:
2.4.2.1. For disc brake pads:
µ ± 15 per cent of registered value;
op
µ ≥ registered value;
min
µ ≤ registered value.
max
2.4.2.2. For simplex drum brake linings:
M ± 20 per cent of registered value;
mean
M ≥ registered value.
hot
3. BRAKE LINING ASSEMBLIES AND DRUM BRAKE LININGS FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES M, N, N, O, AND O
3 2 3 3 4
3.1. Equipment
3.1.1. The machine shall be equipped with a disc brake of the fixed caliper type with a cylinder diameter of 60 mm
and a solid (not ventilated) disc having a diameter of 278 ± 2 mm and a thickness of 12 mm ± 0,5 mm.
A rectangular piece of the friction material with an area of 44 cm2 ± 0,5 cm2 and a thickness of at least
6 mm shall be attached to the backing plate.
3.1.2. The disc rotational speed shall be 660 ± 10 1/min without load and shall not fall below 600 1/min on full
load.
3.1.3. The mean contact pressure at the brake lining working surface shall be constant at 75 N/cm2 ± 10 N/cm2.
3.1.4. The test cycles and brake applications during the cycles to be adjustable and automatic.
3.1.5. Output torque and working surface temperature shall be recorded.
3.1.6. Provisions shall be made to direct cooling air across the brake at a rate of 600 ± 60 m3/h.
3.2. Test procedure
3.2.1. Sample preparation
The manufacturer's bedding procedure shall ensure a minimum of 80 per cent surface contact area without
exceeding a surface temperature of 200 °C.
3.2.2. Test schedule
The test procedure comprises a number of consecutive braking cycles each containing a number of X braking
intervals of 5 seconds brake applied followed by 10 seconds brake released.
No of
Number of brake applications X Initial brake rotor temperature (°C) Forced cooling
cycle
1 5 100 yes
2 5 increasing ≤ 200 no
3 5 200 no16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/99
No of
Number of brake applications X Initial brake rotor temperature (°C) Forced cooling
cycle
4 5 increasing ≤ 300 no
5 5 300 no
6 3 250 yes
7 3 200 yes
8 3 150 yes
9 10 100 yes
10 5 increasing ≤ 300 no
11 5 300 no
3.3. Evaluation of test results
Friction behaviour is determined from the brake torque noted in selected cycles of the test schedule. Brake
torque shall be translated to coefficient of friction µ.
The µ-value of each brake application shall be determined as the mean value of the 5 seconds brake applied.
3.3.1. The operational coefficient of friction µ is the mean value of µ recorded for the brake applications in cycles
op1
1 and µ is the mean value of µ recorded for the brake applications in cycle 9.
op2
3.3.2. The maximum coefficient of friction µ is the highest value of µ recorded in an application during cycles 1
max
to 11 inclusive.
3.3.3. The minimum coefficient of friction µ is the lowest value of µ recorded in an application during cycles 1 to
min
11 inclusive.
3.4. Acceptance criteria
3.4.1. With each application for approval of a replacement brake lining assembly type or a replacement drum brake
lining type, there shall be submitted values for µ , µ , µmin and µ .
op1 op2 max
3.4.2. During production of an approved replacement brake lining assembly type or replacement drum brake lining
type, test samples must demonstrate compliance with the values registered under paragraph 3.4.1 of this
annex within the following tolerances:
µ , µ ± 15 per cent of the registered value;
op1 op2
µ ≥ registered value;
min
µ ≤ registered value.
max
PART B
CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION FOR BRAKE DISCS AND DRUMS IN CAST IRON
1. INTRODUCTION
Part B applies to replacement brake discs and drums approved to this Regulation.
2. REQUIREMENTS
Conformity of production is to be demonstrated through the routine control and documentation of at least the
following:
2.1. Chemical composition
2.2. Microstructure
The microstructure must be characterised in accordance with ISO 945-1:2006
(a) Description of the composition of the matrix;
(b) Description of the graphite shape, distribution and size.L 290/100 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
2.3. Mechanical properties
(a) Tensile strength measured in accordance with ISO 6892:1998;
(b) Brinell hardness measured in accordance with ISO 6506-1:2005.
In each case the measurements must be made on samples taken from the actual brake disc or drum.
2.4. Geometric features
Brake Discs:
(a) Thickness variation;
(b) Friction surface run out;
(c) Friction surface roughness;
(d) Cheek thickness variation (for ventilated brake discs).
Brake Drums:
(a) Ovality;
(b) Friction surface roughness.
2.5. Acceptance criteria
With each application for approval of a replacement brake disc or drum there shall be submitted a production
specification covering:
(a) Chemical composition and its permitted range, or where appropriate, maximum value, for each element;
(b) Microstructure as per paragraph 2.2;
(c) Mechanical properties as per paragraph 2.3 and their permitted range, or where appropriate, minimum value.
During routine production of an approved replacement brake disc or drum production must demonstrate
compliance with these registered specifications.
In the case of Geometric features the values prescribed in paragraph 5.3.4.1.1 for brake discs and
paragraph 5.3.4.1.2 for brake drums must not be exceeded.
2.6. Documentation
The documentation shall contain the manufacturer's maximum and minimum permitted values.
2.7. Test frequency
The measurements prescribed in this annex should be carried out for each production batch.
PART C
CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION FOR BRAKE DISCS IN MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL
1. INTRODUCTION
Part C applies to replacement brake discs approved to this Regulation.
2. REQUIREMENTS
Conformity of production is to be demonstrated through the routine control and documentation of at least the
following:
2.1. Chemical composition
2.2. Mechanical properties
Rockwell C hardness measured in accordance with ISO 6508-1:2005.
In each case the measurements must be made on samples taken from the actual brake disc or drum.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/101
2.3. Geometric features
Brake Discs:
(a) Thickness variation;
(b) Friction surface run out;
(c) Friction surface roughness.
2.4. Acceptance criteria
With each application for approval of a replacement brake disc or drum there shall be submitted a production
specification covering:
(a) Chemical composition and its permitted range, or where appropriate, maximum value, for each element;
(b) Mechanical properties as per paragraph 2.3 and their permitted range, or where appropriate, minimum value.
During routine production of an approved replacement brake disc or drum production must demonstrate
compliance with these registered specifications.
In the case of geometric features the values prescribed in paragraph 5.3.4.1.1 for brake discs must not be exceeded.
2.5. Documentation
The documentation shall contain the manufacturer's maximum and minimum permitted values.
2.6. Test frequency
The measurements prescribed in this annex should be carried out for each production batch.L 290/102 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
ANNEX 10
ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Brake disc design types for M, N and O categories (examples)
Flat type
Cylinder type16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/103
Pot type
Conical type
Double flange typeL 290/104 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
B Diameter of mounting bolt holes (or thread size in case of threaded holes)
D External diameter of disc
F Inner diameter of friction surface (inboard)
(i)
F Inner diameter of friction surface (outboard)
(o)
H Mounting flange thickness
L Width of cooling (ventilating) channel
(k)
S Disc thickness (nominal)
(new)
S Disc thickness (minimal permissible wear thickness)
(min)
T Internal diameter (mounting spigot diameter)
(i)
T ‘x’ number of mounting bolt holes and pitch circle diameter
(k)
T Overall length of disc
(t)
2. Brake drum for M, N and O categories (examples)
A Inside diameter of the drum
B Friction surface width
C ‘x’ number of mounting bolt holes and pitch circle diameter
D Mounting spigot diameter
E Outside drum width
F Mounting flange thickness
G Outside diameter of the drum
H Casing diameter
I Diameter of the mounting bolt holes16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/105
3. Brake disc design types for L , L , L , L and L categories (examples)
1 2 3 4 5
One-piece type: brake disc with braking surface and bell made in a single piece and, therefore, of the same material
Composed fixed type: brake disc having the braking ring made of steel, while the bell is of other material, generally
aluminium; the 2 components are rigidly bounded by a screwed or riveted connection.
Floating type: brake disc having the braking ring radially released from the bell, in order to allow its thermal
expansion.
B Diameter of mounting bolt holes (or thread size in case of threaded holes)
D External diameter of disc
F Inner diameter of friction surface (inboard)
(i)
F Inner diameter of friction surface (outboard)
(o)
H Mounting flange thickness
S Disc thickness (nominal)
(new)
S Disc thickness (minimal permissible wear thickness)
(min)
T Internal diameter (mounting spigot diameter)
(i)
T ‘x’ number of mounting bolt holes and pitch circle diameter
(k)
T Overall length of disc
(t)L 290/106 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
ANNEX 11
REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE DISCS OR BRAKE DRUMS FOR VEHICLES OF
CATEGORIES M AND N
1. TEST OVERVIEW
The tests required in paragraph 5.3 of this Regulation are detailed as follows according to the vehicle
category:
Table A11/1A
Vehicles of categories M , N
1 1
Vehicle test Alternative dynamometer test
Performance tests 2.2.1. Type 0, engine disconnected 3.4.1. Type 0 (simulation engine discon
according to nected)
Regulations
Nos 13/13-H
2.2.2. Type 0, engine connected 3.4.4. Brake tests simulation Type 0,
engine connected
Speed and load analog to item 2.2.2
2.2.3. Type I 3.4.2. Type I
2.3. Parking braking system (if appli —
cable)
Comparison test 2.4. Testing the dynamic frictional prop 3.5. Testing the dynamic frictional proper
with original part erties (comparison test conducted ties (comparison test conducted on
on the individual axles) the individual wheel brake)
Integrity tests No vehicle test — use dynamometer test 4.1. Brake discs
4.1.1. Brake disc thermal fatigue test
4.1.2. Brake disc high load test
4.2. Brake drums
4.2.1. Brake drum thermal fatigue test
4.2.2. Brake drum high load test
Table A11/1B
Vehicles of categories M , M , N , N
2 3 2 3
Vehicle test Alternative dynamometer test
Performance tests 2.2.1. Type 0, engine disconnected 3.4.1. Type 0
according to
Regulation No 13
2.2.3. Type I 3.4.2. Type I
2.2.4. Type II 3.4.3. Type II
2.3. Parking braking system (if required) —
Comparison test 2.4. Testing the dynamic frictional prop 3.5. Testing the dynamic frictional proper
with original part erties (comparison test conducted ties (comparison test conducted on
on the individual axles) the individual wheel brake)16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/107
Vehicle test Alternative dynamometer test
Integrity tests No vehicle test — use dynamometer test 4.1. Brake discs
4.1.1. Thermal fatigue
4.1.2. High load test
4.2. Brake drums
4.2.1. Thermal fatigue
4.2.2. High load test
2. VERIFICATION OF THE VEHICLE TEST REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Test vehicle
A vehicle that is representative for the selected test group (see definition in paragraph 5.3.6 of this
Regulation) in respect of which an approval or parts report for a replacement brake disc/drum is applied for
shall be fitted with this replacement brake disc/drum as well as be equipped with test devices for testing the
brakes pursuant to the provisions of Regulation No 13 or 13-H.
The replacement brake disc/drum shall be fitted to the axle in question together with an accompanying
brake lining which has been type approved according to Regulation No 13 or 13-H or 90 available from
the vehicle or axle manufacturer.
Unless a uniform procedure is laid down for how braking is to be effected, the test shall be carried out
following agreement with the Technical Service. All the tests listed below shall be carried out on brakes that
have been bedded in.
The same ‘bedding-in’ programme shall be used for both replacement and original brake discs and drums.
2.2. Service braking system
2.2.1. Type 0 brake tests, engine disconnected, vehicle laden
This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.4.2 or Regulation
No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 1.4.2.
2.2.2. Type 0 brake tests, engine connected, vehicle unladen and laden
This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.4.3 (supplementary test,
how the vehicle behaves when braking from high speed) or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 1.4.3.
2.2.3. Type I brake tests
This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5.1 or Regulation
No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 1.5.1.
At the end of the Type I brake test, the performance when the brakes are hot is to be satisfied pursuant to
Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5.3 or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 1.5.2.
2.2.4. Type II brake tests
This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.6.
2.3. Parking braking system (if required)
2.3.1. If the service brake system and the parking brake system use a common disc or drum friction surface, it is
not necessary to conduct a specific parking brake system test. The satisfactory achievement of the Type 0
laden test shall be taken as meeting the parking brake system requirements.
2.3.2. Static test with 18 per cent gradient, vehicle laden
2.3.3. The vehicle shall satisfy all the relevant provisions laid down in Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 2.3
or Regulation No 13-H, Annex 3, paragraph 2.3 that apply to this category of vehicle.L 290/108 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
2.4. Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles)
For this test, the vehicle shall be laden and all brake applications carried out on a flat road with the engine
disconnected.
The service braking system of the vehicle shall be provided with a device that separates the front-wheel
brakes from the rear-wheel brakes so that they can always be operated independently of one another.
If an approval or a part report is required in connection with a replacement brake disc/drum for the front-
wheel brakes, the rear-wheel brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.
If an approval or a part report is required in connection with a replacement brake disc/drum for the rear-
wheel brakes, the front-wheel brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.
2.4.1. Performance comparison test when the brakes are cold
With cold brakes, the performance of the replacement brake disc/drum shall be compared with the original
equivalents by comparing the results of the test below.
2.4.1.1. Using the replacement brake disc/drum, at least six consecutive brake applications with different, gradually
increasing control forces or brake pressures are carried out as part of the process up to the point at which
the wheels lock, or up to a mean fully developed deceleration of 6 m/s2 (M , M , N ) or 3,5 m/s2 (M , N ,
1 2 1 3 2
N ) or up to the maximum control force or line pressure permitted for this category of vehicle, in which
3
connection the initial speed for the testing of front or rear axle brake discs and drums is as per the table
below:
Table A11/2.4.1.1
Test speed in km/h
Vehicle category
Front axle Rear axle
M 70 45
1
M 50 40
2
N 65 50
1
M , N , N 45 45
3 2 3
Prior to each brake application, the initial temperature of the brake disc/drum shall be ≤ 100 °C.
2.4.1.2. The brake test described in paragraph 2.4.1.1 also has to be carried out using the original brake disc/drum.
2.4.1.3. The dynamic frictional properties of the replacement brake disc/drum can be regarded as similar to those of
the original brake disc/drum, provided the values attained in relation to the mean fully developed
deceleration at the same operating pressures or control forces in the region of the upper 2/3 of the curve
generated do not deviate by either ± 10 per cent or ± 0,4 m/s2 from those of the original brake disc/drum.
3. INERTIA DYNAMOMETER TEST
3.1. Equipping the dynamometer
For testing purposes, the dynamometer shall be fitted out with the original brake caliper or wheel brake of
the vehicle(s) concerned. The inertia dynamometer shall be equipped with a constant torque device and
equipment for recording rotational speed, brake pressure, the number of revolutions after braking has
commenced, brake torque, the braking period and the temperature of the brake discs/drums on
a continuous basis.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/109
3.2. Test conditions
3.2.1. Inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be set as close as possible, with a permissible variation
of ± 5 per cent, to the theoretically required value which corresponds to that part of the total inertia of the
vehicle braked by the appropriate wheel. The formula used for calculation purposes is as follows:
I = m · r 2
dyn
Where:
I = rotary inertia (kgm2);
r = dynamic rolling radius of the tyre (m);
dyn
m = test mass (part of the maximum mass of the vehicle braked by the appropriate wheel) as
stipulated by this Regulation.
3.2.1.1. Dynamic rolling radius
In calculating the inertia mass, the dynamic rolling radius (r ) of the largest tyre authorised for the vehicle
dyn
(or the axle) shall be taken into account.
3.2.1.2. Test mass
The test mass for calculating the inertia mass shall be as follows:
(a) When testing front axle brake discs and drums:
m¼
x�m
veh m veh = max. permitted mass of the vehicle
2�n
front n = number of front axles
front
(b) When testing rear axle brake discs and drums:
m¼y�m
veh m
veh
= max. permitted mass of the vehicle
2�n
rear n = number of rear axles
rear
Table A11/3.2.1.2
Percentage by mass m to be taken into account
Vehicle category
X values (front axle) Y values (rear axle)
M1 77 32
M 69 44
2
N 66 39
1
M , N , N 55 55
3 2 3
(c) When testing brake discs and drums for vehicles with more than 2 axles:
m = 0,55 m m : maximum technically permitted mass of the axle
axle axle
3.2.2. The initial rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear speed of the vehicle at
80 km/h (M , N ) or 60 km/h (M , M , N , N ) based on the mean of the dynamic rolling radii of the largest
1 1 2 3 2 3
and smallest tyre of the authorised tyre sizes.
3.2.3. Cooling
The cooling may be carried out either to paragraphs 3.2.3.1 or 3.2.3.2.
3.2.3.1. Test carried out with a complete wheel (rim and tyre), mounted on the moving part of the brake, as it
would be on the vehicle (worst case).
With respect to the Type I and Type II tests air cooling at a velocity and air flow direction simulating actual
conditions may be used during the heating runs, the speed of the air flow being v = 0,33 v
Air
Where:
v = vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.
In other cases cooling air is not restricted.
The temperature of the cooling air shall be the ambient temperature.L 290/110 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
3.2.3.2. Test carried out without a rim
With respect to the Type I and Type II tests during the heating runs no cooling is allowed.
In other cases cooling air is not restricted.
3.2.4. Preparation of the brake
3.2.4.1. Disc brakes
The test is conducted using a new disc with new brake lining assemblies which have been type approved
according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle, e.g. protective
grease removed).
3.2.4.2. Drum brakes
The test is conducted using a new drum with new linings assemblies which have been type approved
according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 (if applicable, protective grease removed).
Machining of the linings to achieve good lining to drum contact is permissible.
3.3. Alternative dynamometer performance test
Table A11/3.3
1a. In the case of vehicles of categories M , M , N
1 2 1
See bedding-in (burnishing) procedure as described in Annex 3, paragraph 2.2.2.3
1b. In the case of vehicles of categories M , N , N
3 2 3
Bedding-in (burnishing):
100 (disc) or 200 (drum) brake applications
T = 150 °C (disc) or 100 °C (drum)
i
v = 60 km/h
i
d = 1 and 2 m/s2 alternating
m
2. Dynamic friction properties, see paragraph 3.5.1 of this annex
3. Brake test Type 0 (simulation engine disconnected), see paragraph 3.4.1 of this annex
4. Brake test Type I, see paragraph 3.4.2 of this annex
5. Re-burnishing:
10 (disc) or 20 (drum) brake applications
T = 150 °C (disc) or 100 °C (drum)
i
v = 60 km/h,
i
d = 1 and 2 m/s2 alternating
m
6. Brake test Type 0 (simulation engine disconnected), see paragraph 3.4.1 of this annex
7. Brake test Type 0 (simulation engine connected), see paragraph 3.4.4 of this annex
8. Re-burnishing: (like No 5)
9. Dynamic friction properties, see paragraph 3.5.1 of this annex
10. Brake test Type II (if applicable), see paragraph 3.4.3 of this annex
11. Re-burnishing: (like No 5)
Steps 12 to 19 are optional (if activation is not sufficient)16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/111
12. Brake test Type 0, see paragraph 3.4.1 of this annex
13. Brake test Type I, see paragraph 3.4.2 of this annex
14. Re-burnishing: (like item 5)
15. Dynamic friction properties see paragraph 3.5.1 of this annex
16. Brake tests Type 0 (simulation engine connected), see paragraph 3.4.4 of this annex
17. Re-burnishing: (like item 5)
18. Dynamic friction properties see paragraph 3.5.1 of this annex
19. Re-burnishing: (like item 5)
3.4. Service braking system
3.4.1. Brake test Type-0 test (simulation engine disconnected)
From the initial rotational speed equivalent to 100 km/h (M /N ), or 60 km/h (M /M /N /N ) and at a brake
1 1 2 3 2 3
temperature ≤ 100 °C at the start of each application, perform three brake applications at the same brake
actuating pressure such that a mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see
paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) or a mean brake torque based on the braking distance equivalent to the
mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) of
at least 6,43 m/s2 for vehicles of categories M /N or 5 m/s2 for vehicles of categories M /M /N /N is
1 1 2 3 2 3
achieved.
In the case of pneumatic braking systems the brake actuator pressure shall not exceed the pressure that is
permanently guaranteed by the braking system of the vehicle type(s) (e.g. cut in pressure of the
compressor), and the brake input torque (C) shall not exceed the maximum permissible brake input torque
(C ) by using the smallest brake chamber of the vehicle type(s).
max
The average of the three results shall be taken as the cold performance.
3.4.1.1. Rolling resistance
The rolling resistance is taken to equate to a deceleration of 0,1 m/s2.
3.4.2. Brake test Type I
3.4.2.1. Heating procedure
3.4.2.1.1. According to the vehicle category make consecutive snub applications of the brake in accordance with the
conditions laid down in the following table. Every brake application shall be conducted in that way that
a constant deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) or a constant
brake torque equivalent to the deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this
annex) of 3 m/s2 will be achieved.
The first brake application shall commence at a brake temperature of ≤ 100 °C.
Vehicle Category v [km/h] v [km/h] Δt [sec] N
1 2
M 80 % v ≤ 120 km/h 0,5 v 45 15
1 max 1
M 80 % v ≤ 100 km/h 0,5 v 55 15
2 max 1
N 80 % v ≤ 120 km/h 0,5 v 45 15
1 max 1
M /N /N 80 % v ≤ 60 km/h 0,5 v 60 20
3 2 3 max 1
where:
v = initial speed, at beginning of braking
1
v = speed at end of braking
2L 290/112 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
v = maximum speed of vehicle
max
n = number of brake applications
Δt = duration of a braking cycle: time elapsing between the initiation of one brake application and the
initiation of the next.
3.4.2.1.2. In the case of brakes equipped with automatic brake adjustment devices, the adjustment of the brakes shall,
prior to the Type I test above, be set according to the following procedures as appropriate:
3.4.2.1.2.1. In the case of air-operated brakes, the adjustment of the brakes shall be such as to enable the automatic
brake adjustment device to function. For this purpose the actuator stroke shall be adjusted to:
s ≥ 1,1 · s
0 re-adjust
(the upper limit shall not exceed a value recommended by the manufacturer)
where:
s is the readjustment stroke according to the specification of the manufacturer of the automatic
re-adjust
brake adjustment device, i.e. the stroke, where it starts to readjust the running clearance of the
brake with an actuator pressure of 15 per cent of the brake system operating pressure but not
less than 100 kPa.
Where, by agreement with the Technical Service, it is impractical to measure the actuator stroke, the initial
setting shall be agreed with the Technical Service.
From the above condition the brake shall be operated with an actuator pressure of 30 per cent of the brake
system operating pressure but not less than 200 kPa 50 times in succession. This shall be followed by
a single brake application with an actuator pressure of ≥ 650 kPa.
3.4.2.1.2.2. In the case of hydraulically operated disc brakes, no setting requirements are deemed necessary.
3.4.2.1.2.3. In the case of hydraulically operated drum brakes, the adjustment of the brakes shall be as specified by the
manufacturer.
3.4.2.2. Hot performance
Not later than 60 seconds after completion of the heating procedure the hot performance shall be
measured under the conditions of speed and pressure applied in the Type 0 test.
For vehicles of category M and N the mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance
1 1
(see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) or a mean brake torque based on the braking distance equivalent to
the mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex)
must not be less than 75 per cent of the value achieved with the cold brake in the Type 0 test nor less than
4,8 m/s2.
For vehicles of category M , M , N and N the mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling
2 3 2 3
resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) or a mean brake torque based on the braking distance
equivalent to the mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1
of this annex) must not be less than 60 per cent of the value achieved with the cold brake in the Type 0
test nor less than 4 m/s2.
3.4.2.3. Free running test
In the case of brakes equipped with automatic brake adjustment devices, after completing the tests defined
in paragraph 3.4.2.2 above the brake shall be allowed to cool to a temperature representative of a cold
brake (i.e. ≤ 100 °C) and it shall be verified that the brake is capable of free running by fulfilling one of the
following conditions:
(a) The disc or drum is running freely (i.e. may be rotated by hand);
(b) When the disc or drum is rotated at a rotational speed equivalent to a constant speed of v = 60 km/h
with the brake released the asymptotic temperatures shall not exceed a drum/disc temperature increase
of 80 °C.
3.4.3. Brake test Type II
3.4.3.1. Heating procedure
3.4.3.1.1. The brakes shall be heated from an initial temperature of ≤ 100 °C by dragging the brake at a constant
rotational speed equivalent to 30 km/h with a constant braking torque corresponding to a deceleration,
excluding rolling resistance, of 0,15 m/s2 for a period of 12 minutes.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/113
3.4.3.1.2. In the case of brakes equipped with automatic brake adjustment devices the adjustment of the brake shall,
prior to the Type II test above, be set according to the procedure as laid down in paragraph 3.4.2.1.2 of
this annex.
3.4.3.2. Hot performance
Not later than 60 seconds after completion of the heating procedure the hot performance shall be
measured under the conditions of speed and brake actuating pressure applied in the Type 0 test.
With the heated brake the mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see
paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) or the mean brake torque based on the braking distance equivalent the
mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex)
must not be less than 3,75 m/s2.
3.4.3.3. Free running test
See paragraph 3.4.2.3 of this annex
3.4.4. Brake test Type-0 test (simulation engine connected)
Instead of the Type 0 test with engine connected, for the purpose of this Regulation it is acceptable to carry
out a test simulating for the laden condition (see paragraph 3.2 of this annex).
Vehicle Category Initial Speed - v (km/h)
1
M 80 % v ≤ 160 km/h
1 max
M 100 km/h
2
M 90 km/h
3
N 80 % v ≤ 160 km/h
1 max
N 100 km/h
2
N 90 km/h
3
where:
v = initial speed, at beginning of braking
1
v = maximum speed of vehicle
max
From an initial rotational speed equivalent to the vehicle speeds in the table above and at a brake
temperature of ≤ 100 °C at the start of each application make three brake applications at the same brake
actuating pressure such that a mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see
paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) or a mean brake torque based on the braking distance equivalent to the
mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) of
at least 5,76 m/s2, for vehicles of categories M and N or 4 m/s2, for vehicles of categories M , M , N
1 1 2 3 2
and N is achieved.
3
The average of the three results shall be taken as the cold performance
3.5. Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual wheel brake)
With cold brakes, the performance of the replacement brake disc/drum shall be compared with the original
equivalents by comparing the results of the test below.
3.5.1. Using the replacement brake disc/drum, at least six consecutive brake applications with different, gradually
increasing control forces or brake pressures are carried out as part of the process up to a mean fully
developed deceleration of 6 m/s2 (M , M , N ) or 5 m/s2 (M , N , N ). The control forces or line pressure
1 2 1 3 2 3
have not to exceed the maximum allowed control forces or line pressure that is permanently guaranteed by
the braking system of the vehicle (e. g. cut in pressure of the compressor). Prior to each brake application,
the initial temperature of the brake disc/drum shall be ≤ 100 °C.
3.5.2. The brake test described in paragraph 3.5.1 also has to be carried out using the original brake disc/drum.L 290/114 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
3.5.3. The dynamic frictional properties at the end of the procedure (step 9 or 18) of the replacement brake
disc/drum can be regarded as similar to those of the original brake disc/drum, provided the values attained
in relation to the mean fully developed deceleration at the same operating pressures or control forces in the
region of the upper 2/3 of the curve generated do not deviate by either ± 8 per cent or ± 0,4 m/s2 from
those of the original brake disc/drum.
4. INTEGRITY TESTS USING AN INERTIA DYNAMOMETER
The tests are conducted in accordance with paragraph 4.1 (discs) or 4.2 (drums).
A single test per test group is required unless the replacement part does not achieve the required number of
cycles before damage or failure (see paragraph 4.1.1.1.3 or 4.1.1.2.3 of this annex).
The brake should be installed on the dynamometer in accordance with its fitting position on the vehicle
(rigidly mounted brakes or those installed by means of a stub axle are exempt).
The temperature of the brake disc/brake drum should be measured in as close proximity to the friction
rubbing surface as possible. The temperature measurement should be recorded and the method and
measuring point shall be the same for all tests.
If cooling air is used during a brake application or between brake applications inside one braking cycle, the
speed of the airflow at the brake shall be limited to v = 0,33 v
air
Where:
v = vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.
In other cases cooling air is not restricted.
The temperature of the cooling air shall be the ambient temperature.
4.1. Brake discs
4.1.1. Brake disc thermal fatigue test
This test is conducted using a new disc, an original brake caliper of the vehicle(s) concerned and new brake
lining assemblies of the vehicle(s) concerned which have been type approved according to Regulation
No 13, 13-H or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle, e.g. protective grease removed).
Worn brake linings may be replaced during the test if necessary.
4.1.1.1. Vehicles of categories M , N
1 1
4.1.1.1.1. Test conditions (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid
down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 11.
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on
the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorized for that vehicle.
4.1.1.1.2. Test program (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
The new brake linings and the new disc shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and bedded (burnished)
according to the procedure of Annex 3, paragraph 2.2.2.3. If any new brake linings are required in order to
complete the test, they shall be bedded (burnished) according to the same procedure:
Table A11/4.1.1.1.2
Test provision Thermal fatigue test
Vehicle categories M /N
1 1
Type of braking Sequential brake applications16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/115
Test provision Thermal fatigue test
Braking interval (= t ) 70 s
total
Number of brake applications per cycle 2
Brake torque set to produce a deceleration of 5,0 m/s2
Total number of braking cycles 100 or 150 (see 4.1.1.1.3)
Brake applications
from v
max
to 20 km/h
Initial temperature of the 1st brake application in each cycle ≤ 100 °C
where:
v the v to be used to test the replacement part is that corresponding to the vehicle which has the
max max
highest ratio of kinetic energy to disc mass
t actual braking period during the application
bra
t minimum acceleration time in accordance with the accelerating power of the respective vehicle
acc
t rest period
rest
t Braking interval (t + t + t )
total bra acc rest
4.1.1.1.3. Test result (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
The test is regarded as having been passed if 150 or more cycles are completed without damage or failure.
If less than 150 cycles but more than 100 cycles are completed without damage or failure then the test
must be repeated on a new replacement part. Under these circumstances both tests must complete more
than 100 cycles without damage or failure for the part to have passed the test.
If less than 100 cycles are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted on the
original part and the results compared. If the damage or failure point is no worse than the number of cycles
of the original part -10 per cent then the test is regarded as having been passed.
Damage in this context means:
(a) Radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction
surface;
(b) Cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;
(c) Through-cracking of any friction ring;
(d) Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.
4.1.1.2. Vehicles of categories M , M , N and N
2 3 2 3
4.1.1.2.1. Test conditions (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
4.1.1.2.1.1. Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 7,5 t
By means of the following Test program, brake discs are tested as components of the braking system. It
does not imitate actual driving conditions but is understood as being purely a component test. The
parameters listed below in Table A11/4.1.1.2.1.1 cover the brakes that are presently used as a rule on
vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 7,5 t.L 290/116 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
Table A11/4.1.1.2.1.1
Outside disc diameter Test parameter Test parameter Example of equipment
‘Brake size’/smallest poss
Test mass m [kg] r [m]
dyn ible rim size
320-350 3 100 0,386 17,5″
351-390 4 500 0,445 19,5″
391-440 5 300 0,527 22,5″
> 440(1) (1) (1) —
(1) The test mass and the dynamic tyre rolling radius to be agreed between the applicant and the Technical Service.
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid
down in paragraph 3.2.1 of Annex 11 in conjunction with the parameters specified in the table above (test
mass and r ).
dyn
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on
the dynamic tyre rolling radii specified in Table A11/4.1.1.2.1.1.
4.1.1.2.1.2. Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t
As regards vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t in respect of which the parameters
listed in Table A11/4.1.1.2.1.1 do not apply, the test parameters shall be selected in such a way that the
worst case scenario that formed the basis of the range of use of the replacement brake disc (maximum
permitted vehicle mass, maximum tyre equipment size) is covered.
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid
down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 11.
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on
the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorized for that vehicle.
4.1.1.2.2. Test program (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
Table A11/4.1.1.2.2
‘Bedding-in’ procedure 100 brake applications
Initial speed: 60 km/h
Final speed: 30 km/h
d alternating between 1 m/s2 and 2 m/s2
m
Initial temperature: ≤ 300 °C (beginning at room temperature)
1. Conditioned braking 10 brake applications from 60 to 30 km/h
d alternating between 1 m/s2 and 2 m/s2
m
Initial temperature: ≤ 250 °C
2. High-speed braking 2 Brake applications from 130 to 80 km/h
d 3 m/s2
m
Initial temperature: ≤ 100 °C
3. Conditioned braking See test stage 116.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/117
4. High-speed braking See test stage 2
5. Conditioned braking See test stage 1
6. Continuous braking (1) 5 Brake applications at a constant speed of: 85 km/h
Decelerating torque corresponding to 0,5 m/s2
Braking period 60 s
Initial temperature: ≤ 80 °C
7. Conditioned braking See test stage 1
8. Continuous braking (2) 5 Brake applications at a constant speed of: 85 km/h
Decelerating torque corresponding to 1,0 m/s2
Braking period 40 s
Initial temperature: ≤ 80 °C
9. Repeat test stages 1 to 8: 9 or 14 times (whichever is applicable) — see paragraph 4.1.1.2.3
d distance-related mean deceleration.
m
4.1.1.2.3. Test result (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
The test is regarded as having been passed if 15 or more cycles are completed without damage or failure.
If less than 15 cycles but more than 10 cycles are completed without damage or failure then the test must
be repeated on a new replacement part. Under these circumstances both tests must complete more than
10 cycles without damage or failure for the part to have passed the test.
If less than 10 cycles are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted on the
original part and the results compared. If the damage or failure point is no worse than the number of cycles
of the original part then the test is regarded as having been passed.
Damage in this context means:
(a) Radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction ring;
(b) Cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;
(c) Through-cracking of any friction ring;
(d) Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.
4.1.2. Brake disc high load test
In the case of interchangeable parts the high load test shall be conducted on a new brake disc or on the
same brake disc which has been used for the alternative dynamometer test (see paragraph 3.3 of this
annex).
In the case of equivalent parts the high load test shall be conducted using a new disc, an original brake
caliper of the vehicle(s) concerned and new brake lining assemblies of the vehicle(s) concerned which have
been type approved according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the
vehicle, e.g. protective grease removed).
Worn brake linings may be replaced during the test if necessary.
4.1.2.1. Vehicles of categories M , N
1 1
4.1.2.1.1. Test conditions (brake disc high load test)
See paragraph 4.1.1.1.1 above.L 290/118 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
4.1.2.1.2. Test program (brake disc high load test)
The new brake linings and the new disc shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and bedded (burnished)
according to the procedure of Annex 3, paragraph 2.2.2.3. If any new brake linings are required in order to
complete the test, they shall be bedded (burnished) according to the same procedure:
Table A11/4.1.2.1.2
Test provision High load test
Vehicle categories M /N
1 1
Type of braking Single brake applications
Number of brake applications 70
Initial temperature at the beginning of ≤ 100 °C
braking
Brake torque set to produce a decelera 10,0 m/s2 with a pressure ≤ 16 000 kPa or p = 16 000 kPa
tion of (< 10,0 m/s2)
Brake applications
from v
max
to 10 km/h
Where the v to be used to test the replacement part is that corresponding to the vehicle which has the
max
highest ratio of kinetic energy to disc mass.
4.1.2.1.3. Test result (brake disc high load test)
The test is regarded as having been passed if 70 or more brake applications are completed without damage
or failure.
If less than 70 brake applications are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted
on the original part and the results compared. If the damage or failure point is no worse than the number
of cycles of the original part – 10 per cent then the test is regarded as having been passed.
Damage in this context means:
(a) Radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction
surface;
(b) Cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;
(c) Through-cracking of any friction ring;
(d) Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.
4.1.2.2. Vehicles of categories M , M , N and N
2 3 2 3
4.1.2.2.1. Test conditions (brake disc high load test)
See paragraph 4.1.1.2.1 above.
4.1.2.2.2. Test program (brake disc high load test)
Bedding in accordance with Table A11/4.1.1.2.2.
500 brake applications are carried out from a speed of 50 km/h to 10 km/h with a brake torque of
90 per cent of the maximum brake torque applicable to the relevant brake caliper.
Initial temperature: ≤ 200 °C
4.1.2.2.3. Test result (brake disc high load test)
The test is regarded as having been passed if the brake disc does not exhibit any signs of fracture after
500 brake applications. The test shall be considered valid provided the required maximum torque is
achieved for at least 90 per cent of the brake applications under the condition that for the other
10 per cent the maximum pressure is applied.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/119
Damage in this context means:
(a) Radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction
surface;
(b) Cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;
(c) Through-cracking of any friction ring;
(d) Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.
4.2. Brake drums
4.2.1. Brake drum thermal fatigue test
The test is conducted using a new drum with new linings assemblies which have been type approved
according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 (if applicable, protective grease removed).
Machining of the linings to achieve good lining to drum contact is permissible.
4.2.1.1. Vehicles of categories M and N
1 1
4.2.1.1.1. Test conditions (brake drum thermal fatigue test)
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid
down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 11.
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on
the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorized for that vehicle.
4.2.1.1.2. Test program (brake drum thermal fatigue test)
The thermal fatigue requirements for brake drums are covered by the high load tests of paragraph 4.2.2.1.2.
4.2.1.1.3. Test result (brake drum thermal fatigue)
See paragraph 4.2.2.1.3.
4.2.1.2. Vehicles of categories M , M , N , N
2 3 2 3
4.2.1.2.1. Test conditions (brake drum thermal fatigue test)
4.2.1.2.1.1. Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 7,5 t
By means of the following test programme, brake drums are tested as components of the braking system. It
does not imitate actual driving conditions but is understood as being purely a component test. The
parameters listed below in Table A11/4.2.1.2.1.1 cover the brakes that are presently used as a rule on
vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 7,5 t.
Table A11/4.2.1.2.1.1
Lining width
Inner drum
< 130 mm 130-190 mm > 190 mm Typical rim
diameter
diameter
[mm]
Test mass Tyre radius Test mass Tyre radius Test mass Tyre radius
[kg] [m] [kg] [m] [kg] [m]
< 330 2 750 0,402 3 200 0,390 5 500 0,402 17,5″
330-390 (1) (1) 3 400 0,480 5 500 0,516 19,5″
391-430 3 400 0,510 4 500 0,527 5 500 0,543 22,5″
> 430 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) —
(1) The test mass and the dynamic tyre rolling radius to be agreed between the applicant and the Technical Service.L 290/120 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid
down in paragraph 3.2.1 of Annex 11 in conjunction with the parameters specified in the table above (test
mass and r ).
dyn
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on
the dynamic tyre rolling radii specified in Table A11/4.2.1.2.1.1.
4.2.1.2.1.2. Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t
As regards vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t in respect of which the parameters
listed in Table A11/4.1.1.2.1.1 do not apply, the test parameters shall be selected in such a way that the
worst case scenario that formed the basis of the range of use of the replacement brake drum (maximum
permitted vehicle mass, maximum tyre equipment size) is covered.
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid
down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 11.
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on
the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorized for that vehicle.
4.2.1.2.2. Test program (brake drum thermal fatigue test)
Table A11/4.2.1.2.2
Test provision Thermal fatigue test
‘Bedding in’ procedure 200 brake applications
Initial speed: 60 km/h
Final speed: 5 km/h
d alternating between 1 m/s2 and 2 m/s2
m
Initial temperature: ≤ 200 °C (beginning at room temperature)
Alternatively bedding may be omitted if the applicant for approval does
not consider it to be necessary
Type of braking Sequential brake applications
Number of brake applications 250 or 300 (whichever is applicable) — see paragraph 4.2.1.2.3
NB: The test is interrupted when a through crack appears.
Brake torque set to produce 3,0 m/s2
a deceleration of
Brake applications
from 130
to 80 km/h
Initial temperature of each ≤ 50 °C
brake application
Cooling pursuant to para Permitted
graph 3.2.3
4.2.1.2.3. Test result (brake drum thermal fatigue test)
The test is regarded as having been passed if 300 or more brake applications are completed without
damage or failure.
If less than 300 brake applications but more than 250 brake applications are completed without damage or
failure then the Technical Service must repeat the test on a new replacement part. Under these circum
stances both tests must complete more than 250 brake applications without damage or failure for the part
to have passed the test.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/121
If less than 250 brake applications are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted
on the original part and the results compared — if the damage or failure point is no worse than the
original part then the test is regarded as having been passed.
Damage in this context means:
(a) Cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the axial width of the friction surface;
(b) Cracks on the friction surface which reach the axial outer end of the drum;
(c) Through-cracking of the drum;
(d) Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.
4.2.2. Brake drum high load test
In the case of interchangeable parts the high load test shall be conducted on a new brake drum or on the
same brake drum which has been used for the alternative dynamometer test (see paragraph 3.3 of this
annex.).
In the case of equivalent parts the high load test shall be conducted using a new drum, an original brake of
the vehicle(s) concerned and new brake lining assemblies of the vehicle(s) concerned which have been type
approved according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle,
e.g. protective grease removed).
Worn brake linings may be replaced during the test if necessary.
4.2.2.1. Vehicles of categories M and N
1 1
4.2.2.1.1. Test conditions (brake drum high load test)
See paragraph 4.2.1.1.1 above.
4.2.2.1.2. Test program (brake drum high load test)
This test covers also the requirements of the thermal fatigue test (see paragraph 4.2.1.1.2).
The test has to be carried out according to the following table:
Table A11/4.2.2.1.2
‘Bedding in’ procedure Make 100 consecutive snub applications with v = 80 km/h
1
and v = 10 km/h and an initial temperature of ≤ 100 °C.
2
The deceleration of the first application shall be constant 1,5 m/s2. From
the second up to the last application the pressure shall be constant and
equivalent to the average of the first application.
The bedding should be continued until a minimum of 80 per cent lining
to drum contact is achieved.
Test provision Brake drum high load test
Type of braking Single brake applications
Number of brake applications 100
Initial temperature at the begin ≤ 100 °C
ning of braking
Brake torque set to produce 10,0 m/s2 with a pressure ≤ 16 000 kPa or p = 16 000 kPa
a deceleration of (< 10,0 m/s2)
Brake applications
from v
max
to 10 km/h
Where the v to be used to test the replacement part is that corresponding to the vehicle which has the
max
highest ratio of kinetic energy to disc mass.L 290/122 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
4.2.2.1.3. Test result (brake drum high load test)
The test is regarded as having been passed if 100 or more brake applications are completed without
damage or failure.
If less than 100 brake applications are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted
on the original part and the results compared. If the damage or failure point is no worse than the number
of cycles of the original part – 10 per cent then the test is regarded as having been passed.
Damage in this context means:
(a) Cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the axial width of the friction surface;
(b) Cracks on the friction surface which reach the axial outer end of the drum;
(c) Through-cracking of the drum;
(d) Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.
4.2.2.2. Vehicles of categories M , M , N and N
2 3 2 3
4.2.2.2.1. Test conditions (brake drum high load test)
See above paragraph 4.2.1.2.1.
4.2.2.2.2. Test program (brake drum high load test)
Table A11/4.2.2.2.2
Test provision High load test
‘Bedding in’ procedure 200 brake applications
Initial speed: 60 km/h
Final speed: 5 km/h
d alternating between 1 m/s2 and 2 m/s2
m
Initial temperature: ≤ 200 °C (beginning at room temperature)
Alternatively bedding may be omitted if the applicant for approval does
not consider it to be necessary
Total number of brake applica 150
tions
Initial brake drum temperature ≤ 100 °C
at each brake application
Brake applications
from 60 km/h
to ≤ 5 km/h
Brake torque set to produce 6 m/s2
a deceleration of
Cooling (also deviating from Permitted
paragraph 3.2.3 of this annex)
4.2.2.2.3. Test result (brake drum high load test)
The test result is positive provided the brake drum does not fracture.
The test shall be considered valid provided the required maximum torque is achieved for at least
90 per cent of the brake applications under the condition that for the other 10 per cent the maximum
pressure is applied.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/123
Damage in this context means:
(a) Radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction
surface;
(b) Cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;
(c) Through-cracking of any friction ring;
(d) Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.L 290/124 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
ANNEX 12
REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE DISCS/DRUMS FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORY O
1. TEST OVERVIEW
The tests required in paragraph 5.3 of this Regulation are detailed as follows according to the vehicle
category:
Table A12/1A
Vehicles of categories O , O and O
1 2 3
Track test Alternative dynamometer test (Alternative to track test)
2.2.1. Type 0 3.4.1. Type 0
2.2.2. Type I 3.4.2. Type I
2.3. Parking brake system (if applicable) —
2.4. Testing the dynamic frictional properties (com 3.5. Testing the dynamic frictional properties (com
parison test conducted on the individual axles) parison test conducted on the individual axles)
Table A12/1B
Vehicles of categories O4
Track test Alternative dynamometer test (Alternative to track test)
2.2.1. Type 0 3.4.1. Type 0
2.2.3. Type III 3.4.3. Type III
2.3. Parking brake system (if applicable) —
2.4. Testing the dynamic frictional properties (com 3.5. Testing the dynamic frictional properties (com
parison test conducted on the individual axles) parison test conducted on the individual axles)
2. VERIFICATION OF THE VEHICLE TEST REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Test vehicle
A vehicle that is representative for the selected test group (see definition in paragraph 5.3.6 of this
Regulation) in respect of which an approval or parts report for a replacement brake disc/drum is applied
for shall be fitted with this replacement brake disc/drum as well as be equipped with test devices for testing
the brakes pursuant to the provisions of Regulation No 13.
The replacement brake disc/drum shall be fitted to the axle in question together with an accompanying
brake lining which has been type approved according to Regulation No 13 or 90 available from the vehicle
or axle manufacturer. Unless a uniform procedure is laid down for how braking is to be effected, the test
shall be carried out following agreement with the Technical Service. All the tests listed below shall be
carried out on brakes that have been bedded in. The same ‘bedding-in’ programme shall be used for both
replacement and original brake discs and drums.
2.2. Service braking system
2.2.1. Type 0 brake tests, vehicle laden
This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.4.4.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/125
2.2.2. Type I brake tests
This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5.2.
At the end of the Type I brake test, the performance when the brakes are hot is to be satisfied pursuant to
Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.5.3.
2.2.3. Type III brake tests
This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraph 1.7.
2.3. Parking braking system (if applicable)
2.3.1. If the service brake system and the parking brake system use a common disc or drum friction surface, it is
not necessary to conduct a specific parking brake system test. The satisfactory achievement of the Type 0
laden test shall be taken as meeting the parking brake system requirements.
2.3.2. Static test with 18 per cent gradient, vehicle laden
2.3.3. The vehicle shall satisfy all the relevant provisions laid down in Regulation No 13, Annex 4, paragraphs 2.3
and 3.2 that apply to this category of vehicle.
2.4. Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual axles)
For this test, the vehicle shall be laden and all brake applications carried out on a flat road.
The service braking system of the vehicle shall be provided with a device that separates the front-wheel
brakes from the rear-wheel brakes so that they can always be operated independently of one another.
If an approval or a parts report is required in connection with a replacement brake disc/drum for the front-
wheel brakes, the rear-wheel brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.
If an approval or a parts report is required in connection with a replacement brake disc/drum for the rear-
wheel brakes, the front-wheel brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.
2.4.1. Performance comparison test when the brakes are cold
With cold brakes, the performance of the replacement brake disc/drum shall be compared with the original
equivalents by comparing the results of the test below.
2.4.1.1. Using the replacement brake disc/drum, at least six consecutive brake applications with different, gradually
increasing control forces or brake pressures are carried out as part of the process up to the point at which
the wheels lock, or up to a mean fully developed deceleration of 3,5 m/s2, or up to the maximum control
force permitted for this category of vehicle, in which connection the initial speed for testing purposes is
45 km/h:
Prior to each brake application, the initial temperature of the brake drum shall be ≤ 100 °C.
2.4.1.2. The brake test described in paragraph 2.4.1.1 also has to be carried out using the original brake disc/drum.
2.4.1.3. The dynamic frictional properties of the replacement brake disc/drum can be regarded as similar to those of
the original brake disc/drum, provided the values attained in relation to the mean fully developed
deceleration at the same operating pressures or control forces in the region of the upper 2/3 of the curve
generated do not deviate by more than ± 10 per cent or ± 0,4 m/s2 from those of the original brake
disc/drum.
3. INERTIA DYNAMOMETER TEST
3.1. Equipment of the dynamometer
For testing purposes, the dynamometer shall be fitted out with the original brake caliper or wheel brake of
the vehicle concerned. The inertia dynamometer shall be equipped with a constant torque device and
equipment for recording rotational speed, brake pressure, the number of revolutions after braking has
commenced, brake torque, the braking period and the temperature of the brake drum on a continuous
basis.L 290/126 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
3.2. Test conditions
3.2.1. Inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be set as close as possible, with a permissible variation
of ± 5 per cent, to the theoretically required value which corresponds to that part of the total inertia of the
vehicle braked by the appropriate wheel. The formula used for calculation purposes is as follows:
I = m · r 2
dyn
Where:
I = rotary inertia (kgm2);
r = dynamic rolling radius of the tyre (m);
dyn
m = test mass (part of the maximum mass of the vehicle braked by the appropriate wheel) as
stipulated by this Regulation.
3.2.1.1. Dynamic rolling radius
In calculating the inertia mass, the dynamic rolling radius (r ) of the largest tyre authorised for the vehicle
dyn
(or the axle) shall be taken into account.
3.2.1.2. Test mass
The test mass for calculating the inertia mass shall be as follows:
m = 0,55 m m : maximum technically permitted mass of the axle
axle axle
3.2.2. The initial rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear speed of the vehicle at 40
or 60 km/h (depending on the type of test) based on the mean of the dynamic rolling radii of the largest
and smallest tyre of the authorised tyre sizes.
3.2.3. Cooling
The cooling may be carried out either to paragraphs 3.2.3.1 or 3.2.3.2.
3.2.3.1. Test carried out with a complete wheel according to Regulation No 13, Annex 11, Appendix 2,
paragraph 3.2.2.
With respect to the Type I and Type III tests air cooling at a velocity and air flow direction simulating
actual conditions may be used during the heating runs, the speed of the air flow being v = 0,33 v
Air
Where:
v = vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.
In other cases cooling air is not restricted.
The temperature of the cooling air shall be the ambient temperature.
3.2.3.2. Test carried out without a rim
With respect to the Type I and Type III tests during the heating runs no cooling is allowed.
In other cases cooling air is not restricted.
3.2.4. Preparation of the brake
3.2.4.1. Disc brakes
This test is conducted using a new disc with new brake lining assemblies which have been type approved
according to Regulation No 13 or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle, e.g. protective grease
removed).
3.2.4.2. Drum brakes
The test is conducted using a new drum with new linings assemblies which have been type approved
according to Regulation No 13 or 90 (if applicable, protective grease removed).
Machining of the linings to achieve good lining to drum contact is permissible.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/127
3.3. Alternative dynamometer performance test
Table A12/3.3
1. Cold Bedding-in (cold burnishing):
100 (disc) or 200 (drum) brake applications
T = 150 °C (disc) or 100 °C (drum)
i
v = 60 km/h
i
d = 1 and 2 m/s2 alternating
m
2. Dynamic friction properties, see paragraph 3.5.1 of this annex
3. Hot Bedding-in (Hot burnishing):
Make 30 consecutive snub applications with v = 60 km/h and v = 30 km/h with a cycle time of
1 2
60 s starting at a brake temperature of ≤ 100 °C at the first application. The deceleration of the first
application shall be constant 3 m/s2. From the second up to the last application the pressure shall be
constant and equivalent to the average of the first application.
4. Re-burnishing:
30 brake applications
T = 150 °C (disc) or 100 °C (drum)
i
v = 60 km/h,
i
d = 1 and 2 m/s2 alternating
m
5. Brake test Type 0, see paragraph 3.4.1 of this annex
6. Brake test Type I (in the case of O /O ), see paragraph 3.4.2 of this annex
2 3
7. Re-burnishing: (like item 4)
8. Brake test Type 0, see paragraph 3.4.1 of this annex
9. Brake test Type III (in the case of O4), see paragraph 3.4.3 of this annex
10. Re-burnishing: (like item 4)
3.4. Service braking system
3.4.1. Brake test Type 0, vehicle laden
With a brake temperature ≤ 100 °C at the start of each application and from the initial rotational speed
equivalent to 40 km/h before Type I or 60 km/h before Type III, perform three brake applications at the
same brake actuating pressure such that a mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling
resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) or a mean brake torque based on the braking distance
equivalent to the mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1
of this annex) of at least 5 m/s2 is achieved.
The brake actuating pressure must not exceed 650 kPa.
The average of the three results shall be taken as the cold performance.
3.4.1.1. Rolling resistance
The rolling resistance is taken to equate to a deceleration of 0,1 m/s2.
3.4.2. Brake test Type-I (Downhill test)
3.4.2.1. Heating procedure
The brake shall be heated from an initial temperature of ≤ 100 °C by dragging the brake at a constant
rotational speed equivalent to 40 km/h at a constant braking torque corresponding to a deceleration,
including rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) of 0,7 m/s2 for a period of 153 sec.
3.4.2.1.4. In the case of brakes equipped with automatic brake adjustment devices the adjustment of the brakes shall,
prior to the Type I test above, be set according to the procedure as laid down in paragraph 3.4.3.1.2 of this
annex.L 290/128 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
3.4.2.2. Hot performance
3.4.2.2.1. Not later than 60 seconds after completion of the heating procedure the hot performance shall be
measured at 40 km/h using the same brake actuation pressure that was used for the Type 0 test at 40km/h.
The mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex)
or a mean brake torque based on the braking distance equivalent to the mean fully developed deceleration,
including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) must not be less than 60 per cent of
the value achieved with the cold brake in the Type 0 test nor less than 3,6 m/s2.
3.4.2.3. Free running test
In the case of brakes equipped with automatic brake adjustment devices, after completing the tests defined
in paragraph 3.4.2.2 the brake shall be allowed to cool to a temperature representative of a cold brake
(i.e. ≤ 100 °C) and it shall be verified that the brake is capable of free running by fulfilling one of the
following conditions:
(a) The disc or drum is running freely (i.e. may be rotated by hand);
(b) When the disc or drum is rotated without any cooling at a rotational speed equivalent to a constant
speed of v = 60 km/h with the brake released the asymptotic temperatures shall not exceed a drum/disc
temperature increase of 80 °C.
3.4.3. Type-III test (fade test for vehicles of category O )
4
3.4.3.1. Heating procedure
3.4.3.1.1. Make consecutive snub applications of the brake in accordance with the conditions laid down in the table.
The first brake application should commence at a brake temperature of ≤ 100 °C and be conducted in such
a way that a constant deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) or
a constant brake torque equivalent to the deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see
paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) of 3 m/s2 will be achieved. The mean value of brake actuating pressure
used for the first brake application should be maintained for all succeeding brake applications for the
remainder of the test.
Conditions
Category of vehicles
v1 [km/h] v2 [km/h] Δt [sec] n
O 60 1/2 v 60 20
4 1
where:
v = initial speed, at beginning of braking
1
v = speed at end of braking
2
n = number of brake applications
Δt = duration of a braking cycle: time elapsing between the initiation of one brake application and the
initiation of the next
3.4.3.1.2. In the case of brakes equipped with automatic brake adjustment devices the adjustment of the brakes shall,
prior to the Type III test above, be set according to the following procedures as appropriate:
3.4.3.1.2.1. In the case of air-operated brakes the adjustment of the brakes shall be such as to enable the
automatic brake adjustment device to function. For this purpose the actuator stroke shall be adjusted to
s ≥ 1,1 × s (the upper limit shall not exceed a value recommended by the manufacturer):
0 re-adjust
where:
s is the readjustment stroke according to the specification of the manufacturer of the automatic
re-adjust
brake adjustment device, i.e. the stroke, where it starts to re-adjust the running clearance of the
brake with an actuator pressure of 100 kPa
Where, by agreement with the Technical Service, it is impractical to measure the actuator stroke, the initial
setting shall be agreed with the Technical Service.
From the above condition, the brake shall be operated with an actuator pressure of 200 kPa, 50 times in
succession. This shall be followed by a single brake application with an actuator pressure of ≥ 650 kPa.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/129
3.4.3.1.2.2. In the case of hydraulically operated disc brakes, no setting requirements are deemed necessary.
3.4.3.1.2.3. In the case of hydraulically operated drum brakes, the adjustment of the brakes shall be as specified by the
manufacturer.
3.4.3.2. Hot performance
Not later than 60 seconds after completion of the heating procedure, the hot performance shall be
measured at a rotational speed equivalent to 60 km/h using the same brake actuation pressure that was
used for the Type 0 test at 60 km/h.
The mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex)
or a mean brake torque based on the braking distance equivalent to the mean fully developed deceleration,
including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) must not be less than 60 per cent of
the value achieved with the cold brake in the Type 0 test nor less than 4,0 m/s2.
3.4.3.3. Free running test
See paragraph 3.4.2.3.
3.5. Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual wheel brake)
3.5.1. The test shall be carried out in accordance of Regulation No 13, Annex 19, paragraphs 4.4.3.1 to 4.4.3.4.
3.5.2. The brake test described in paragraph 3.5.1 also shall be carried out using the original brake disc/drum.
3.5.3. The dynamic frictional properties at step 2 of the procedure of the replacement brake disc/drum can be
regarded as similar to those of the original brake disc/drum, provided the values attained in relation to the
mean fully developed deceleration at the same operating pressures or control forces in the region of the
upper 2/3 of the curve generated do not deviate by more than ± 8 per cent or ± 0,4 m/s2 from those of the
original brake disc/drum.
4. INTEGRITY TESTS USING AN INERTIA DYNAMOMETER
The tests are conducted in accordance with paragraph 4.1 (discs) or 4.2 (drums).
A single test per test group is required unless the replacement part does not achieve the required number of
cycles before damage or failure (see paragraph 4.1.1.1.3 or 4.1.1.2.3 of this annex).
The brake should be installed on the dynamometer in accordance with its fitting position on the vehicle
(rigidly mounted brakes or those installed by means of a stub axle are exempt).
The temperature of the brake disc/brake drum should be measured in as close proximity to the friction
rubbing surface as possible. The temperature measurement should be recorded and the method and
measuring point shall be the same for all tests.
If cooling air is used during a brake application or between brake applications inside one braking cycle, the
speed of the airflow at the brake shall be limited to:
v = 0,33 v
air
Where:
v = vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.
In other cases cooling air is not restricted.
The temperature of the cooling air shall be the ambient temperature.
4.1. Brake discs
4.1.1. Brake disc thermal fatigue test
This test is conducted using a new disc with new brake lining assemblies which have been type approved
according to Regulation No 13 or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle, e.g. protective grease
removed).L 290/130 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
4.1.1.1. Vehicles of categories O and O
1 2
4.1.1.1.1. Test conditions (brake disc thermal fatigue)
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid
down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 12.
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on
the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorized for that vehicle.
4.1.1.1.2. Test program (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
Table A12/4.1.1.1.2
Test provision Thermal fatigue test
Vehicle categories O /O
1 2
‘Bedding in’ procedure 100 brake applications
Initial speed: 60 km/h
Final speed: 30 km/h
d alternating between 1 m/s2 and 2 m/s2
m
Initial temperature: ≤ 300 °C (beginning at room temperature)
Type of braking Sequential brake applications
Braking interval (= t ) 70 s
total
Number of brake applications per cycle 2
Brake torque set to produce a deceleration 5,0 m/s2
of
Total number of braking cycles 100 or 150 (see paragraph 4.1.1.1.3)
Brake applications
from 80 km/h
to 20 km/h
Initial temperature of the 1st brake appli ≤ 100 °C
cation in each cycle
where:
v = maximum design speed (as per its range of use)
max
t = actual braking period during the application
bra
t = minimum acceleration time in accordance with the accelerating power of the respective vehicle
acc
t = rest period
rest
t = Braking interval (t + t + t )
total bra acc rest
4.1.1.1.3. Test result (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
The test is regarded as having been passed if 150 or more cycles are completed without damage or failure.
If less than 150 cycles but more than 100 cycles are completed without damage or failure then the test
must be repeated on a new replacement part. Under these circumstances both tests must complete more
than 100 cycles without damage or failure for the part to have passed the test.
If less than 100 cycles are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted on the
original part and the results compared. If the damage or failure point is no worse than the number of
cycles of the original part -10 per cent then the test is regarded as having been passed.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/131
Damage in this context means:
(a) Radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction
surface;
(b) Cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;
(c) Through-cracking of any friction ring;
(d) Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.
4.1.1.2. Vehicles of categories O and O
3 4
4.1.1.2.1. Test conditions (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
4.1.1.2.1.1. Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 7,5 t
By means of the following test program, brake discs are tested as components of the braking system. It
does not imitate actual driving conditions but is understood as being purely a component test. The
parameters listed below in Table A12/4.1.1.2.1.1 cover the brakes that are presently used as a rule on
vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 7,5 t.
Table A12/4.1.1.2.1.1
Test parameter Test parameter Example of equipment
Outside disc diameter
‘Brake size’/smallest poss
Test mass m [kg] r [m]
dyn ible rim size
320-350 3 100 0,386 17,5″
351-390 4 500 0,445 19,5″
391-440 5 300 0,527 22,5″
> 440(1) (1) (1) —
(1) The test mass and the dynamic tyre rolling radius to be agreed between the applicant and the Technical Service.
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid
down in paragraph 3.2.1 of Annex 12 in conjunction with the parameters specified in the table above (test
mass and r ).
dyn
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on
the dynamic tyre rolling radii specified in Table A12/4.1.1.2.1.1.
4.1.1.2.1.2. Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t
As regards vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t in respect of which the parameters
listed in Table A12/4.1.1.2.1.1 do not apply, the test parameters shall be selected in such a way that the
worst case scenario that formed the basis of the range of use of the replacement brake disc (maximum
permitted vehicle mass, maximum tyre equipment size) is covered.
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid
down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 12.
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on
the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorised for that vehicle.L 290/132 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
4.1.1.2.2. Test program (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
Table A12/4.1.1.2.2
‘Bedding-in’ procedure 100 Brake applications
Initial speed: 60 km/h
Final speed: 30 km/h
d alternating between 1 m/s2 und 2 m/s2
m
Initial temperature: ≤ 300 °C (beginning at room temperature)
1. Conditioned braking 10 Brake applications from 60 to 30 km/h
d alternating between 1 m/s2 und 2 m/s2
m
Initial temperature: ≤ 250 °C
2. High-speed braking 2 Brake applications from 130 to 80 km/h
d = 3 m/s2
m
Initial temperature: ≤ 100 °C
3. Conditioned braking See test stage 1
4. High-speed braking See test stage 2
5. Conditioned braking See test stage 1
6. Continuous braking (1) 5 Brake applications
at a constant speed of: 85 km/h
Decelerating torque corresponding to 0,5 m/s2
Braking period 60 s
Initial temperature: ≤ 80 °C
7. Conditioned braking see test stage 1
8. Continuous braking (2) 5 Brake applications
at a constant speed of: 85 km/h
Decelerating torque corresponding to 1,0 m/s2
Braking period 40 s
Initial temperature: ≤ 80 °C
9. Repeat test stages 1 to 8: 9 or 14 times (whichever is applicable) — see para
graph 4.1.1.2.3
d distance-related mean deceleration.
m
4.1.1.2.3. Test result (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
The test is regarded as having been passed if 15 or more cycles are completed without damage or failure.
If less than 15 cycles but more than 10 cycles are completed without damage or failure then the test must
be repeated on a new replacement part. Under these circumstances both tests must complete more than
10 cycles without damage or failure for the part to have passed the test.
If less than 10 cycles are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted on the
original part and the results compared. If the damage or failure point is no worse than the number of
cycles of the original part then the test is regarded as having been passed.
Damage in this context means:
(a) Radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction
surface;16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/133
(b) Cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;
(c) Through-cracking of any friction ring;
(d) Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.
4.1.2. Brake disc high load test
In the case of interchangeable parts, the high load test shall be conducted on a new brake disc or on the
same brake disc which has been used for the alternative dynamometer test (see paragraph 3.3 of this
annex.).
In the case of equivalent parts, the high load test shall be conducted using a new disc, an original brake
caliper of the vehicle(s) concerned and new brake lining assemblies of the vehicle(s) concerned which have
been type approved according to Regulation No 13 or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle,
e.g. protective grease removed).
Worn brake linings may be replaced during the test if necessary.
4.1.2.1. Vehicles of categories O and O
1 2
The new brake linings and the new disc shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and bedded (burnished)
according to the procedure of Annex 3, paragraph 2.2.2.3. If any new brake linings are required in order to
complete the test, they shall be bedded (burnished) according to the same procedure.
4.1.2.1.1. Test conditions (brake disc high load test)
See paragraph 4.1.1.1.1 above.
4.1.2.1.2. Test program (brake disc high load test)
The test has to be carried out according to the following table:
Table A12/4.1.2.1.2
Test provision High load test
Vehicle categories O /O
1 2
Type of braking Single brake applications
Number of brake applications 70
Initial temperature at the beginning of ≤ 100 °C
braking
Brake torque set to produce a deceleration 10,0 m/s2 with a pressure ≤ 16 000 kPa or p = 16 000 kPa
of (< 10,0 m/s2)
Brake applications
from 80
to 10 km/h
4.1.2.1.3. Test result (brake disc high load test)
The test is regarded as having been passed if 70 or more brake applications are completed without damage
or failure.
If less than 70 brake applications are completed before damage or failure, then a test should be conducted
on the original part and the results compared. If the damage or failure point is no worse than the number
of cycles of the original part -10 per cent then the test is regarded as having been passed.
Damage in this context means:
(a) Radial cracks on the friction surfaces which are longer than two thirds of the radial height of the
friction surface;
(b) Cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;L 290/134 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
(c) Through-cracking of any friction ring;
(d) Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.
4.1.2.2. Vehicles of categories O and O
3 4
4.1.2.2.1. Test conditions (brake disc high load test)
See above paragraph 4.1.1.2.1.
4.1.2.2.2. Test program (brake disc high load test)
Bedding in accordance with Table A12/4.1.1.2.2.
500 brake applications are carried out from a speed of 50 km/h to 10 km/h with a brake torque of
90 per cent of the maximum brake torque applicable to the relevant brake caliper.
Initial temperature: ≤ 200 °C
4.1.2.2.3. Test result (brake disc high load test)
The test is regarded as having been passed if the brake disc does not exhibit any signs of fracture after
500 brake applications. The test shall be considered valid provided the required maximum torque is
achieved for at least 90 per cent of the brake applications under the condition that for the other
10 per cent the maximum pressure is applied.
Damage in this context means:
(a) Radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction
surface;
(b) Cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;
(c) Through-cracking of any friction ring;
(d) Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.
Table A12/4.2.1.1.2
Test provision Thermal fatigue test
‘Bedding in’ procedure 200 brake applications
Initial speed: 60 km/h
Final speed: 5 km/h
d alternating between 1 m/s2 and 2 m/s2
m
Initial temperature: ≤ 200 °C (beginning at room temperature)
Alternatively bedding may be omitted if the applicant for
approval does not consider it to be necessary
Type of braking Sequential brake applications
Number of brake applications 250 or 300 (whichever is applicable) — see paragraph 4.2.1.1.3
NB: The test is interrupted when a through crack appears.
Brake torque set to produce a deceleration 3,0 m/s2
of
Brake applications
from 130
to 80 km/h
Initial temperature of each brake applica ≤ 50 °C
tion
Cooling pursuant to paragraph 3.2.3 Permitted16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/135
4.2. Brake drums
4.2.1. Brake drum thermal fatigue test
The test is conducted using a new drum with new linings assemblies which have been type approved
according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 (if applicable, protective grease removed).
Machining of the linings to achieve good lining to drum contact is permissible.
4.2.1.1. Vehicles of categories O and O
1 2
4.2.1.1.1. Test conditions (brake drum thermal fatigue test)
4.2.1.1.1.1. Vehicles with a maximum permissible axle load ≤ 1 200 kg
Not applicable.
4.2.1.1.1.2. Vehicles with a maximum permissible axle load > 1 200 kg
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid
down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 12.
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on
the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorized for that vehicle.
4.2.1.1.2. Test program (brake drum thermal fatigue test)
Table A12/4.2.1.1.2
Test provision Thermal fatigue test
Type of braking Sequential brake applications
Number of brake applications 250 or 300 (whichever is applicable) — see 4.2.1.1.3.
NB: The test is interrupted when a through crack appears.
Brake torque set to produce a deceleration 3,0 m/s2
of
Brake applications
from 130
to 80 km/h
Initial temperature of each brake applica ≤ 50 °C
tion
Cooling pursuant to 3.2.3 permitted
4.2.1.1.3. Test result (brake drum thermal fatigue test)
The test is regarded as having been passed if 300 or more brake applications are completed without
damage or failure.
If less than 300 brake applications but more than 250 brake applications are completed without damage or
failure then the Technical Service must repeat the test on a new replacement part. Under these circum
stances both tests must complete more than 250 brake applications without damage or failure for the part
to have passed the test.
If less than 250 brake applications are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted
on the original part and the results compared. If the damage or failure point is no worse than the original
part then the test is regarded as having been passed.
Damage in this context means:
(a) Cracks on the friction surface which are longer than two-thirds of the axial width of the friction
surface;
(b) Cracks on the friction surface which reach the axial outer end of the drum;L 290/136 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
(c) Through-cracking of the drum;
(d) Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.
4.2.1.2. Vehicles of categories O and O
3 4
4.2.1.2.1. Test conditions (brake drum thermal fatigue test)
4.2.1.2.1.1. Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 7,5 t
By means of the following test programme, brake drums are tested as components of the braking system. It
does not imitate actual driving conditions but is understood as being purely a component test. The
parameters listed below in Table A12/4.2.1.2.1.1 cover the brakes that are presently used as a rule on
vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 7,5 t.
Table A12/4.2.1.2.1.1
lining width
Inner drum
< 130 mm 130-190 mm > 190 mm Typical rim
diameter
diameter
[mm]
Test mass Tyre radius Test mass Tyre radius Test mass Tyre radius
[kg] [m] [kg] [m] [kg] [m]
< 330 2 750 0,402 3 200 0,390 5 500 0,402 17,5″
330-390 (1) (1) 3 400 0,480 5 500 0,516 19,5″
391-430 3 400 0,510 4 500 0,527 5 500 0,543 22,5″
> 430 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) —
(1) The test mass and the dynamic tyre rolling radius to be agreed between the applicant and the Technical Service.
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid
down in paragraph 3.2.1 of Annex 12 in conjunction with the parameters specified in the table above (test
mass and r ).
dyn
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on
the dynamic tyre rolling radii specified in Table A12/4.2.1.2.1.1.
4.2.1.2.1.2. Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t
As regards vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t in respect of which the parameters
listed in Table A12/4.1.1.2.1.1 do not apply, the test parameters shall be selected in such a way that the
worst case scenario that formed the basis of the range of use of the replacement brake drum (maximum
permitted vehicle mass, maximum tyre equipment size) is covered.
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid
down paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 12.
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on
the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorized for that vehicle.
4.2.1.2.2. Test program (brake drum thermal fatigue test)
Table A12/4.2.1.2.2
Test provision Thermal fatigue test
Type of braking Sequential brake applications
Number of brake applications 250 or 300 (whichever is applicable) — see 4.2.1.2.3.
NB: The test is interrupted when a through crack appears.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/137
Test provision Thermal fatigue test
Brake torque set to produce a deceleration 3,0 m/s2
of
Brake applications
from 130
to 80 km/h
Initial temperature of each brake applica ≤ 50 °C
tion
Cooling pursuant to paragraph 3.2.3 permitted
4.2.1.2.3. Test result (brake drum thermal fatigue test)
The test is regarded as having been passed if 300 or more brake applications are completed without
damage or failure.
If less than 300 brake applications but more than 250 brake applications are completed without damage or
failure then the Technical Service must repeat the test on a new replacement part. Under these circum
stances both tests must complete more than 250 brake applications without damage or failure for the part
to have passed the test.
If less than 250 brake applications are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted
on the original part and the results compared — if the damage or failure point is no worse than the
original part then the test is regarded as having been passed.
Damage in this context means:
(a) Cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the axial width of the friction surface;
(b) Cracks on the friction surface which reach the axial outer end of the drum;
(c) Through-cracking of the drum;
(d) Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.
4.2.2. Brake drum high load test
In the case of interchangeable parts, the high load test shall be conducted on a new brake drum or on the
same brake drum which has been used for the alternative dynamometer test (see paragraph 3.3 of this
annex.). In either case, the brake lining assemblies used for the test should be approved according to
Regulation No 13 or 90 and bedded to the drum in accordance with the procedure specified in
paragraph 4.2.2.2.2 of this annex. Alternatively bedding may be omitted if the applicant for approval does
not consider this to be necessary
In the case of equivalent parts, the high load test shall be conducted using a new drum, an original brake of
the vehicle(s) concerned and new brake lining assemblies of the vehicle(s) concerned which have been type
approved according to Regulation No 13 or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle, e.g. protective
grease removed). Bedding should be in accordance with the procedure specified in paragraph 4.2.2.2.2 of
this annex. Alternatively bedding may be omitted if the applicant for approval does not consider this to be
necessary
Worn brake linings may be replaced during the test if necessary.
4.2.2.1. Vehicles of categories O and O
1 2
4.2.2.1.1. Test conditions (brake drum high load test)
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid
down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 12.
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on
the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorized for that vehicle.
4.2.2.1.2. Test program (brake drum high load test)
See paragraph 4.2.2.2.2 below.L 290/138 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
4.2.2.1.3. Test result (brake drum high load test)
See paragraph 4.2.2.2.3 below.
4.2.2.2. Vehicles of categories O and O
3 4
4.2.2.2.1. Test conditions (brake drum high load test)
See paragraph 4.2.1.2.1 above.
4.2.2.2.2. Test program (brake drum high load test)
Table A12/4.2.2.2.2
Test provision High load test
‘Bedding in’ procedure 200 brake applications
Initial speed: 60 km/h
Final speed: 5 km/h
d alternating between 1 m/s2 and 2 m/s2
m
Initial temperature: ≤ 200 °C (beginning at room temperature)
Alternatively bedding may be omitted if the applicant for
approval does not consider it to be necessary
Type of braking Braking to less than 5 km/h
Total number of brake applications 150
Initial brake drum temperature at each ≤ 100 °C
brake application
Brake applications
from 60 km/h
to 0 km/h
Brake torque set to produce a deceleration 6 m/s2
of
Cooling (also deviating from paragraph Permitted
3.2.3 of this annex)
4.2.2.2.3. Test result (brake drum high load test)
The test result is positive provided the brake drum does not fracture.
The test shall be considered valid provided the required maximum torque is achieved for at least
90 per cent of the brake applications under the condition that for the other 10 per cent the maximum
pressure is applied.
Damage in this context means:
(a) Radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction
surface;
(b) Cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;
(c) Through-cracking of any friction ring;
(d) Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/139
ANNEX 13
MODEL TEST REPORT FOR A REPLACEMENT BRAKE DISC/DRUM
Test Report No … concerning the approval of a replacement brake disc/drum in accordance with Regulation No 90
1. General technical description of a replacement brake disc/drum (1)
1.1. Applicant (name and address): .................................................................................................................
1.2. Manufacturer (name and address): ............................................................................................................
1.3. Trade name: ............................................................................................................................................
1.4. Category of replacement disc/drum: Original/Identical/Equivalent/Interchangeable (1)
1.5. Type of disc/drum (1): ..............................................................................................................................
1.6. Marking:
Location of Method of
Identification
marking marking
Manufacturer name or trade name:
Approval number E2-90R02 Cxxxx/yyyy
xxxx => Type No
yyyy => Variant No
Part number
Indication for traceability
Minimum thickness (disc)/maximum
inside diameter (drum) (1)
1.7. Material
1.7.1. Material group: ........................................................................................................................................
1.7.2. Material subgroup (2): ..............................................................................................................................
1.8. Application range
With minimum of the following information:
Part
Replacement part Original part
Variant part number part number identification code
Motor-vehicle (2)
Maximum Gross Year of manufac
Make Type of vehicle Trade name Maximum speed
weight ture
(1) Strike out what does not apply.
(2) If applicable.L 290/140 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
Axle for trailers (2)
Range of dy
Maximum axle
Make Type of axle Trade name namic tyre radius
load
(largest/smallest)
Brake
Position
Caliper (2) Dimensions Type of construction
Front Rear
1.9. Additional information (2)
2. Test Groups
2.1. Dimensions per test group
2.1.1. Outside (disc)/Inside (drum) (1) diameters: .................................................................................................
2.1.2. Thickness (disc)/Shoe width (drum) (1): .....................................................................................................
2.2. Highest ratio of kinetic energy per test group in according to paragraph 5.3.6 of Regulation No 90
!
E
Max i ¼
m
replacement part, i
2.3. Disc/drum (1) material per test group: .......................................................................................................
3. Technical data regarding the tests per test group
3.1. Vehicle test
3.1.1. Data of the test vehicle
3.1.1.1. Vehicle category: .....................................................................................................................................
3.1.1.2. Vehicle manufacturer: ..............................................................................................................................
3.1.1.3. Vehicle make: ..........................................................................................................................................
3.1.1.4. Vehicle type and trade name: ...................................................................................................................
3.1.1.5. Vehicle identification number: ..................................................................................................................
3.1.1.6. Vehicle type approval No: ........................................................................................................................
3.1.1.7. Vehicle engine power: ..............................................................................................................................
3.1.1.8. Speed:
Maximum vehicle speed v : ....................................................................................................................
max
3.1.1.9. Tyres: ......................................................................................................................................................
3.1.1.10. Brake circuit configuration/Layout: ...........................................................................................................
3.1.1.11. Test masses
Axle 1: ....................................................................................................................................................
Axle 2: ....................................................................................................................................................
Axle …: ..................................................................................................................................................16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/141
3.1.1.12. Brake:
3.1.1.12.1. Test sample brake disc/Brake drum (1):
Identification code of the original replacement part: ..................................................................................
Test group: ..............................................................................................................................................
Part number: ...........................................................................................................................................
Mass of the replacement part: ..................................................................................................................
Outside disc diameter/Inside drum diameter (1): .........................................................................................
Radius r, effective: ...................................................................................................................................
e
Friction surface width: .............................................................................................................................
Disc thickness (nominal)/Outside drum width (1): ......................................................................................
3.1.1.12.2. Brake caliper/brake drum mechanism (1)
Manufacturer: ..........................................................................................................................................
Type: .......................................................................................................................................................
Variant: ...................................................................................................................................................
Part number: ...........................................................................................................................................
Method of construction: ...........................................................................................................................
piston/wheel cylinder diameter (2): ............................................................................................................
Maximum technically permissible torque C at the brake lever (pneumatic)/line pressure (p )
max,e max,e
(hydraulic) (1): ..........................................................................................................................................
Threshold torque C (pneumatic)/line pressure (hydraulic) (1): ....................................................................
0,e
Ratio l/e (pneumatic)/piston diameter (hydraulic) (1): ......................................./.......................................
e e
Maximum brake torque: ...........................................................................................................................
3.1.1.12.3. Brake pad/Brake lining (1)
Manufacturer: ..........................................................................................................................................
Make: ......................................................................................................................................................
Type: .......................................................................................................................................................
Approval number (2): ...............................................................................................................................
Identification (e.g. part number): ...............................................................................................................
Effective surface area: ...............................................................................................................................
3.1.2. Test equipment
3.1.2.1. Deceleration: ...........................................................................................................................................
3.1.2.2. Pressure: .................................................................................................................................................
3.1.2.3. Speed: .....................................................................................................................................................
3.1.2.4. Drum/Disc temperature: ..........................................................................................................................
3.1.3. Test track:
3.1.3.1. Location: .................................................................................................................................................
3.1.3.2. Surface: ...................................................................................................................................................
3.1.3.3. Condition (e.g. dry/wet): ..........................................................................................................................
3.2. Dynamometer test
3.2.1. Test data
3.2.1.1. Vehicle category: .....................................................................................................................................L 290/142 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
3.2.1.2. Dynamic rolling radius
Dynamic rolling radius R for calculating the inertia:
Iner
with respect to paragraph 3.2.1 of Annex 11/12 .......................................................................................
Dynamic rolling radius R with respect to paragraph 3.2.2 of Annex 11/12: .............................................
veh
3.2.1.3. Masses and inertia
Maximum permissible mass of the vehicle: ................................................................................................
X-Value (front axle): .................................................................................................................................
Y-Value (rear axle): ...................................................................................................................................
Test mass m: ...........................................................................................................................................
Test inertia I : ........................................................................................................................................
Adj
3.2.1.4. Cooling ...................................................................................................................................................
3.2.1.4.1. Speed of cooling air during Type I, Type II and/or Type III (1) ....................................................................
3.2.1.4.2. Speed of cooling air in other cases:
3.2.1.5. Speed
Maximum speed v : ...............................................................................................................................
max
3.2.1.6. Actuation device
Manufacturer: ..........................................................................................................................................
Make: ......................................................................................................................................................
Type: .......................................................................................................................................................
Variant: ...................................................................................................................................................
Effective area (hydraulic)/Th — formula (pneumatic) (1): ...........................................................................
A
3.2.1.7. Brake
3.2.1.7.1. Test sample brake disc/Brake drum (1)
Identification code of the original replacement part: ..................................................................................
Test group: ..............................................................................................................................................
Part number: ...........................................................................................................................................
Mass of the replacement part: ..................................................................................................................
Outside disc diameter/Inside drum diameter (1): .........................................................................................
Radius r, effective: ...................................................................................................................................
e
Friction surface width: .............................................................................................................................
Disc thickness (nominal)/Outside drum width (1): ......................................................................................
3.2.1.7.2. Brake caliper/Brake drum mechanism (1)
Manufacturer: ..........................................................................................................................................
Type: .......................................................................................................................................................
Variant: ...................................................................................................................................................
Method of construction: ...........................................................................................................................
Maximum technical permissible torque C at the brake lever (pneumatic)/Line pressure (p )
max,e max,e
(hydraulic) (1): ..........................................................................................................................................
Threshold torque C (pneumatic)/Line pressure (hydraulic) (1): ...................................................................
0,e16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/143
Ratio l/e (pneumatic)/Piston diameter (hydraulic) (1) ......................................../........................................
e e
Maximum Brake torque: ...........................................................................................................................
Identification-No: .....................................................................................................................................
3.2.1.7.3. Brake pad/Brake Lining (1)
Manufacturer: ..........................................................................................................................................
Make: ......................................................................................................................................................
Type: .......................................................................................................................................................
Approval number (2): ...............................................................................................................................
Identification: ..........................................................................................................................................
Width b: ................................................................................................................................................
e
Thickness d: ...........................................................................................................................................
e
Surface, effective: .....................................................................................................................................
Method of attachment: .............................................................................................................................
3.2.2. Test bench data: ......................................................................................................................................
3.2.2.1. Location:
4. Record of Test results
4.1. Geometric check: .....................................................................................................................................
Drawing No and issue level: .....................................................................................................................
4.2. Material check: ........................................................................................................................................
4.3. Balancing provisions check: .....................................................................................................................
4.4. Wear condition marking check: ................................................................................................................
4.5. Vehicle test/Alternative dynamometer test (1):
4.5.1. Brake performance
4.5.1.1. Service brake performance in the case of categories M , M ,M , N and N with hydraulic braking systems (2)
1 2 3 1 2
4.5.1.1.1. Vehicle test results:
0
0 Parking
Test Type: discon I
connected brake (2)
nected
Annex 11, paragraph: 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.3
Load condition: laden unladen laden laden laden
Test speed
Initial: km/h
Final: km/h 0 0
Pressure: kPa
Deceleration: m/s2
Number of applications: — — —
Duration of one brake cycle: s — —
Free running test passed: yes/no (1)L 290/144 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
4.5.1.1.2. Inertia dynamometer test results:
0
0 I
Test Type: Simulation con
disconnected simulation
nected
Annex 11, paragraph: 3.4.1 3.4.4 3.4.2
Load condition
Test speed
Initial: km/h
Final: km/h 0 0
Pressure: kPa
Deceleration: m/s2
Number of applications: — —
Duration of one brake cycle: s —
Free running test passed: yes/no (1)
4.5.1.2. Service brake performance in the case of categories M , M , N , N with pneumatic braking systems (2)
2 3 2 3
4.5.1.2.1. Vehicle test results:
0
0 Parking
Test Type: discon I
connected brake (2)
nected
Annex 11, paragraph: 2.2.1 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.3
Load condition: Laden unladen laden laden laden
Test speed
Initial: km/h
Final: km/h 0 0 0
Brake chamber pressure p: kPa
e
Deceleration: m/s2
Number of applications: —
Duration of one brake cycle: s
Brake force 0,5 · T: daN
e
Braking ratio 0,5 · T/9,81 · m —
e
(m:= Test mass)
Brake chamber stroke s: Mm
e16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/145
0
0 Parking
Test Type: discon I
connected brake (2)
nected
Threshold torque at the brake lever
C: Nm
e
C : Nm
0,e
Free running test passed: yes/no (1)
4.5.1.2.2. Inertia dynamometer test results:
Test Type: 0 I II
Annex 11, paragraph: 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3
Test speed
Initial: km/h
Final: km/h
Brake chamber pressure p: kPa
e
Deceleration: m/s2
Number of applications: —
Duration of one brake cycle: s
Brake force 0,5 · T: daN
e
Braking ratio 0,5 · T/9,81 · m —
e
(m:= Test mass)
Brake chamber stroke s: mm
e
Threshold torque at the brake lever
C: Nm
e
C : Nm
0,e
Free running test passed: yes/no (1)
4.5.1.3. Service brake performance in the case of categories O O and O with pneumatic braking system
1, 2 3
4.5.1.3.1. Vehicle test results:
Test Type: 0 I Parking brake (2)
Annex 12, paragraph: 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3
Load condition: laden laden laden
Test speed
Initial: km/h
Final: km/hL 290/146 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
Test Type: 0 I Parking brake (2)
Brake chamber pressure p: kPa
e
Deceleration: m/s2
Number of applications: —
Duration of one brake cycle: s
Brake force 0,5 · T: daN
e
Braking ratio 0,5 · T/9,81 · m —
e
(m:= Test mass):
Brake chamber stroke s: mm
e
Threshold torque at the brake lever
C: Nm
e
C : Nm
0,e
Free running test passed: yes/no (1)
4.5.1.3.2. Inertia dynamometer test results:
Test Type: 0 I
Annex 12, paragraph: 3.4.1 3.4.2
Test speed
Initial: km/h
Final: km/h
Brake chamber pressure p: kPa
e
Deceleration: m/s2
Number of applications: —
Duration of one brake cycle: s
Brake force 0,5 · T: daN
e
Braking ratio 0,5 · T/9,81 · m —
e
(m:= Test mass):
Brake chamber stroke s: mm
e
Threshold torque at the brake lever
C: Nm
e
C : Nm
0,e
Free running test passed: yes/no (1)16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/147
4.5.1.4. Service brake performance in the case of categories O (2)
4
Test Type: 0 III
No Sample
Annex 12, paragraph: 2.2.1/3.4.1 (1) 2.2.3/3.4.3 (1)
Test speed
Initial: km/h
Final: km/h
Brake chamber pressure p: kPa
e
Number of applications: —
Duration of one brake cycle: s
Brake force 0,5 · T: daN
e
Braking ratio 0,5 · T/9,81 · m —
e
(m:= Test mass):
Brake chamber stroke s: mm
e
Threshold torque at the brake lever
C: Nm
e
C : Nm
0,e
Free running test passed: yes/no (1)
4.5.1.5. Dynamic friction properties
Diagram: deceleration vs pressure
4.6. Integrity tests:
4.6.1. Thermal fatigue test:
Sample No Cycles without damage in accordance with
Annex 11: paragraphs 4.1.1.1.3/4.1.1.2.3/4.2.1.2.3
Annex 12: paragraphs 4.1.1.1.3/4.1.1.2.3/4.2.1.1.3/4.2.1.2.3 (1)
4.6.2. High load test:
Sample No. Cycles without damage in accordance with
Annex 11: paragraphs 4.1.2.1.3/4.1.2.2.3/4.2.2.1.3/4.2.2.2.3
Annex 12: paragraphs 4.1.2.1.3/4.1.2.2.3/4.2.2.1.3/4.2.2.2.3 (1)
5. Test Documents
6. Appendices
Appendix ................................................................................................................................................L 290/148 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
7. Date(s) of test: .........................................................................................................................................
7.1. Date(s) of vehicle test (2): ..........................................................................................................................
7.2. Date(s) of Inertia dynamometer test:
8. This test has been carried out and the results reported in accordance with Regulation No 90 as last
amended by the 03 series of amendments.
Technical Service conducting the test
Signed: .................................................................... Date: ....................................................................16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/149
ANNEX 14
REQUIREMENTS FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE DISCS FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES L, L, L, L AND L
1 2 3 4 5
1. TEST OVERVIEW
The tests required in paragraph 5.3 of this Regulation are detailed as follows according to the vehicle
category.
Table A14/1
Static bench
Vehicle test Alternative dynamometer test
test
Resistance to static 2 — —
torque test
Performance tests — 3.2.3. Dry stop test 4.4.1. Dry stop test
according to
Regulation No 78 3.2.4. Wet brake test —
3.2.5. Heat fade test 4.4.2. Heat fade test
Comparison test — 3.2.6. Testing the dynamic fric 4.4.3. Testing the dynamic fric
with original part tional properties tional properties
Integrity test — No vehicle test – use dynam 5.1. Brake disc thermal fatigue test
ometer test
For each disc type, at least one test group (see definition in paragraph 5.3.6 of this Regulation) requires the
‘Dry stop’, ‘Wet brake’ and ‘Heat fade’ tests to be carried out on a vehicle.
2. STATIC BENCH TEST REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Purpose
To verify the resistance of the bell and, in case of floating discs, of the connection system to the braking ring
when the disc is subjected to a braking torque.
2.2. Test procedure and conditions
Static test performed on special test bench shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1L 290/150 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
2.2.1. Drill a hole on the braking surface of the disc at a distance from the centre equal to the effective radius Rd.
2.2.2. Position the disc on the test bench and fasten it using specific fastening screws.
2.2.3. Connect the bench arm to the hole drilled on the brake disc.
2.2.4. Apply the force F, specified in Table A14/2.2.5, as shown in Figure 1.
2.2.5. Record strokes and forces as shown in Figure 2.
Table A14/2.2.5
Disc Diameter Disc Thickness Tangential force F
[mm] [mm] [kN] min
≤ 4 ≥ 8
≥ 150 < 200
> 4 ≥ 10
≤ 3 ≥ 8
≥ 200 < 250 > 3 ≤ 4 ≥ 10
> 4 ≥ 12
≤ 3 ≥ 8
≥ 250 < 300 > 3 ≤ 4 ≥ 10
> 4 ≥ 12
≤ 4 ≥ 8
≥ 300 < 350 > 4 ≤ 5 ≥ 11
> 5 ≥ 14
2.2.6. NB: The test shall be conducted in 2 positions:
2.2.6.1. Floating and composite fixed disc
With hole on braking surface, coincident with a connection bush.
With hole on braking surface, coincident with the centre line between 2 connection bushes.
2.2.6.2. One-piece disc
With hole on braking surface, coincident with a fixing hole.
With hole on braking surface, coincident with the centre line between 2 fixing holes.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/151
Figure 2
Movement
Where:
(a) Adjustment stroke of the equipment (recovery of any clearance between the hole on the braking surface
and the connection pin to the bench arm);
(b) Load developed by the fastening screws to the equipment;
(c) Movement of the brake disc caused by its rotation with sliding on the plate of the equipment, when the
disc's fastening screws bear against the fixing holes of the disc;
(d) Load supported by the brake disc;
(e) Permanent deformation of the brake disc (starting from point (A).
2.3. Test results
The disc shall not permanent deformations before reaching the force F specified in Table A14/2.2.5 the
measurement of the deformation force must be performed at point A as in Figure 2.
3. VERIFICATION OF THE VEHICLE TEST REQUIREMENTS
3.1. Test vehicle
A vehicle that is representative for the selected test group (see definition in paragraph 5.3.6 of this
Regulation) in respect of which an approval or parts report for a replacement brake disc is applied for shall
be fitted with this replacement brake disc as well as be equipped with test devices for testing the brakes
pursuant to the provisions of Regulation No 78.
The replacement brake disc shall be fitted to the wheel in question together with an accompanying brake
lining which has been type approved according to Regulation No 78 or 90, available from the vehicle
manufacturer.
Unless a uniform procedure is laid down for how braking is to effected, the test shall be carried out following
agreement with the Technical Service. All the tests listed below shall be carried out on brakes that have been
bedded in.
The same ‘bedding-in’ programme shall be used for both replacement and original brake discs.L 290/152 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
3.2. Service braking system
3.2.1. Brake temperature measurement
This procedure shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 78, Annex 3, paragraph 2.4.
3.2.2. Burnishing procedure
This procedure shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 78, Annex 3, paragraph 2.5.
3.2.3. Dry stop test
This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 78, Annex 3, paragraph 3.
3.2.4. Wet brake test
This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 78, Annex 3, paragraph 6.
3.2.5. Heat fade test
The test is applicable to vehicle categories L , L and L .
3 4 5
This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 78, Annex 3, paragraph 7.
3.2.6. Testing the dynamic frictional properties (comparison test conducted on the individual wheel)
For this test, the vehicle shall be laden and all brake applications carried out on a flat road with the engine
disconnected.
The service braking system of the vehicle shall be provided with a device that separates the front-wheel brake
from the rear-wheel brake so that they can always be operated independently of one another.
If an approval or a part report is required in connection with a replacement brake disc for the front-wheel
brake, the rear-wheel brakes shall remain inoperative throughout the test.
If an approval or a part report is required in connection with a replacement brake disc for the rear-wheel
brake, the front-wheel brake shall remain inoperative throughout the test.
3.2.6.1. Performance comparison test when the brakes are cold
With cold brakes, the performance of the replacement brake disc shall be compared with the original
equivalent by comparing the results of the test below.
3.2.6.2. Using the replacement brake disc, at least six consecutive brake applications with different, gradually
increasing control forces or brake pressures are carried out as part of the process up to the point at which
the wheel lock, or up to a mean fully developed deceleration of 6 m/s2 or up to the maximum control force
or line pressure permitted for this category of vehicle, in which connection the initial speed for the testing of
front or rear wheel brake disc is as per the table below:
Table A14/3.2.6.2
Test speed in km/h
Vehicle category
Front wheel Rear wheel
L , L , 30 30
1 2
L , L , L , 70 45
3 4 5
Prior to each brake application, the initial temperature of the brake disc shall be ≤ 80 °C.
3.2.6.3. The brake test described in paragraph 3.2.6.2 also has to be carried out using the original brake disc.
3.2.6.4. The dynamic frictional properties of the replacement brake disc can be regarded as similar to those of the
original brake disc, provided the values attained in relation to the mean fully developed deceleration at the
same operating pressures or control forces in the region of the upper 2/3 of the curve generated do not
deviate by either ± 15 per cent or ± 0,4 m/s2 from those of the original brake disc (see an example of the
curve in Figures 3 and 4).16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/153
Figure 3
Figure 4
4. INERTIA DYNAMOMETER TEST
4.1. Equipping the dynamometer
For testing purposes, the dynamometer shall be fitted out with the original brake caliper. The inertia
dynamometer shall be equipped with a constant torque device and equipment for recording rotational speed,
brake pressure, the number of revolutions after braking has commenced, brake torque, the braking period
and the temperature of the brake discs on a continuous basis.
4.2. Test conditions
4.2.1. Inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be set as close as possible, with a permissible variation
of ± 5 per cent, to the theoretically required value which corresponds to that part of the total inertia of the
vehicle braked by the appropriate wheel. The formula used for calculation purposes is as follows:
I = m · r 2
dyn
Where:
I = rotary inertia (kgm2);
r = dynamic rolling radius of the tyre (m);
dyn
m = test mass (part of the maximum mass of the vehicle braked by the appropriate wheel) as stipulated by
this Regulation.L 290/154 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
4.2.1.1. Dynamic rolling radius
In calculating the inertia mass, the dynamic rolling radius (r ) of the largest tyre authorised for the vehicle
dyn
shall be taken into account.
4.2.1.2. Test mass
The test mass for calculating the inertia mass shall be as follows:
(a) When testing front wheel brake disc:
m = x · m m = max. permitted mass of the vehicle
veh veh
(b) When testing rear wheel brake disc:
m = y · m m = max. permitted mass of the vehicle
veh veh
Table A14/4.2.1.2
Percentage by mass m to be taken into account
Vehicle category
X values (front wheel with X values (front wheel with
Y values (rear axle)
1 disc) 2 discs)
L , L , L , L , L 75 37,5 50
1 2 3 4 5
4.2.2. The initial rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear speed of the vehicle at
80 km/h (L , L , L ) or 40 km/h (L , L ) based on the mean of the dynamic rolling radii of the largest and
3 4 5 1 2
smallest tyre of the authorised tyre sizes.
4.2.3. Cooling
The cooling may be carried out according to the test requirements specified in the following Tables A14.
4.2.4. Preparation of the brake
4.2.4.1. Disc brakes
The test is conducted using a new disc with new brake lining assemblies which have been type approved
according to Regulation No 78 or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle).
4.3. Alternative dynamometer performance test
4.3.1. Burnishing
According to Table A14/5.1.3.1.1.
4.4. Service braking system
4.4.1. Dry stop test
This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 78, Annex 3, paragraph 3.
4.4.2. Heat fade test
This test is applicable to vehicle categories L , L and L .
3 4 5
This test shall be carried out pursuant to Regulation No 78, Annex 3, paragraph 7.
4.4.3. Testing the dynamic frictional properties
With cold brakes, the performance of the replacement brake disc shall be compared with the original
equivalent by comparing the results of the test below.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/155
4.4.3.1. Using the replacement brake disc, at least six consecutive brake applications with different, gradually
increasing control forces or brake pressures are carried out as part of the process up to a mean fully
developed deceleration of 6 m/s2. The maximum control force or line pressure have not to exceed the
maximum allowed control forces or line pressure permitted for this category of vehicle, in which connection
the initial speed for the testing of front or rear wheel brake disc is as per the table below:
Table A14/4.4.3.1
Test speed in km/h
Vehicle category
Front wheel Rear wheel
L L 30 30
1 2
L L L 70 45
3 4 5
Prior to each brake application, the initial temperature of the brake disc shall be ≤ 80 °C.
4.4.3.2. The brake test described in paragraph 4.4.3.1 also shall be carried out using the original brake disc.
4.4.3.3. The dynamic frictional properties of the replacement brake disc can be regarded as similar to those of the
original brake disc, provided the values attained in relation to the mean fully developed deceleration at the
same operating pressures or control forces in the region of the upper 2/3 of the curve generated do not
deviate by either ± 15 per cent or ± 0,4 m/s2 from those of the original brake disc (see an example of the
curve in Figure 3 and Figure 4 of Annex 14).
5. INTEGRITY TEST USING AN INERTIA DYNAMOMETER
The tests are conducted in accordance with paragraph 5.1 (discs).
A single test per test group is required unless the replacement part does not achieve the required number of
cycles before damage or failure (see paragraph 5.1.1.1.3 or 5.1.1.2.3 of this annex).
The brake should be installed on the dynamometer in accordance with its fitting position on the vehicle
(rigidly mounted brake or this installed by means of a stub axle are exempt).
The temperature of the brake disc should be measured in as close proximity to the friction rubbing surface as
possible. The temperature measurement should be recorded and the method and measuring point shall be the
same for all tests.
If cooling air is used during a brake application or between brake applications inside one braking cycle, the
speed of the airflow at the brake shall be limited to v = 0,33 v
air
Where:
v = vehicle test speed at initiation of braking.
In other cases cooling air is not restricted.
The temperature of the cooling air shall be the ambient temperature.
5.1. Brake disc thermal fatigue test
This test is conducted using a new disc, an original brake caliper of the vehicle(s) concerned and new brake
lining assemblies of the vehicle(s) concerned which have been type approved according to Regulation No 78
or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle).
Worn brake linings may be replaced during the test if necessary.
5.1.1. This test is applicable to vehicle categories L , L and L .
3 4 5L 290/156 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
5.1.2. Test conditions
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid
down in paragraphs 4.2.1, 4.2.1.1 and 4.2.1.2 of Annex 14.
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the
mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorized for that vehicle.
5.1.3. Front disc
5.1.3.1. Test programme
5.1.3.1.1. Burnishing
According to Table A14/5.1.3.1.1.
Table A14/5.1.3.1.1
Burnishing
Starting tem Max speed of the per
Vehicle gross
Initial speed Final speed Deceleration perature before Brakings mitted airflow during
Step weight
[km/h] [km/h] [m/s2] the braking quantity the brake application
[kg]
[°C] MAX [m/s]
75 %/disc
1 80 30 4 100 60 30
q.ty
5.1.3.1.2. Fatigue test
According to Table A14/5.1.3.1.2.
Table A14/5.1.3.1.2
Thermal fatigue test
Starting tem Time between Max speed of the per
Vehicle gross Initial Final Decel
perature before 2 consecutive Brakings mitted airflow during
Step weight speed speed eration
the brakings brakings quantity the brake application
[kg] [km/h] [km/h] [m/s2]
[°C] +/– 10 °C [s] [m/s]
75 %/discs 50 %
1 thermal 5 7 100 (a) 30 5 20
q.ty Vmax
2 func 75 %/discs 80 %
5 8 200 — 1 30
tional q.ty Vmax
3 me 100 %/discs 60 %
5 10 200 — 2 30
chanic q.ty Vmax
Steps from 1 to 3 = 1 cycle; repeating for a total of 20 cycles (= 160 brakings)
(a) Starting temperature of the 1st braking only
(b) In case of early wear of the friction material of the pads, the use of another pads set is allowed; in this case, before
completing the test, the new pads set must be burnished according to paragraph 5.1.3.1.1, always using the brake
disc under test.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/157
5.1.4. Rear disc
5.1.4.1. Test program
5.1.4.1.1. Burnishing
According to Table A14/5.1.4.1.1.
Table A14/5.1.4.1.1
Burnishing
Starting tem Max speed of the per
Vehicle gross
Initial speed Final speed Deceleration perature before Brakings mitted airflow during
Step weight
[km/h] [km/h] [m/s2] the brakings quantity the brake application
[kg]
[°C] MAX [m/s]
1 50 % 60 30 2 100 60 30
5.1.4.1.2. Fade test
According to Table A14/5.1.4.1.2.
Table A14/5.1.4.1.2
Fade test
Starting tem Time between Max speed of the per
Vehicle gross Initial Final Decel
perature before 2 consecutive Brakings mitted airflow during
Step weight speed speed eration
the first braking brakings quantity the brake application
[kg] [km/h] [km/h] [m/s2]
[°C] MAX [s] [m/s]
40 % 20 %
1 50 % 2 100 30 15 10
Vmax Vmax
5.1.4.1.3. Fatigue test
According to Table A14/5.1.4.1.3.
Table A14/5.1.4.1.3.
Thermal fatigue test
Starting tem Time between Max speed of the per
Vehicle gross Initial Final Decel
perature before 2 consecutive Brakings mitted airflow during
Step weight speed speed eration
the braking brakings quantity the brake application
[kg] [km/h] [km/h] [m/s2]
[°C] +/– 10 °C [s] [m/s]
40 % 20 %
1 thermal 50 % 3 100(a) 30 5 20
Vmax Vmax
50 %
Vmax(b)
2 func 60 %
50 % 5 4 200 — 1 30
tional Vmax(c)
75 %
Vmax(d)L 290/158 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
Thermal fatigue test
Starting tem Time between Max speed of the per
Vehicle gross Initial Final Decel
perature before 2 consecutive Brakings mitted airflow during
Step weight speed speed eration
the braking brakings quantity the brake application
[kg] [km/h] [km/h] [m/s2]
[°C] +/– 10 °C [s] [m/s]
40 %
Vmax(b)
3 me 48 %
90 % 5 5 200 — 2 30
chanic Vmax(c)
60 %
Vmax(d)
Steps from 1 to 3 = 1 cycle; repeating for a total of 20 cycles (= 160 brakings)
(a) Starting temperature of the 1st braking only
(b) Disc diameter ≤ 245 mm
(c) Disc diameter > 245 < 280 mm
(d) Disc diameter ≥ 280 mm
(e) In case of early wear of the friction material of the pads, the use of another pads set is allowed; in this case, before completing the
test, the new pads set must be burnished according to paragraphs 5.1.4.1.1-5.1.4.1.2, always using the brake disc under test.
5.1.5. Test result (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
The test is regarded as having been passed if the cycles prescribed in:
(a) Tables A14/5.1.3.1.1-5.1.3.1.2 for front discs
(b) Tables A14/5.1.4.1.1-5.1.4.1.2-5.1.4.1.3 for rear discs are completed without damage or failure.
If less than 20 cycles, according to ‘Thermomechanical Fatigue test’ in Tables A14/5.1.3.1.2
and A14/5.1.4.1.3, but more than 15 are completed without damage or failure, then the test must be
repeated on a new replacement part.
Under these circumstances both tests must complete more than 15 cycles without damage or failure for the
part to have passed the test.
If less than 15 cycles are completed before damage or failure, then a test should be conducted on the original
part and the results compared.
If the damage of failure point is no worse than the quantity of cycles of the original part – 10 per cent, then
the test is regarded as having been passed.
Damage or failure, in this context, means:
5.1.5.1. During the test:
Temperature exceeds 600 °C.
5.1.5.2. After the test:
(a) Contact between caliper and disc;
(b) Cracks, permanent deformation or breakings;
(c) Abnormal wear;
(d) A 0,150 mm maximum increasing of run-out, compared to the initial value measured before the test, is
allowed;
(e) A 0,250 mm maximum run-out is allowed;
(f) A 0,100 mm maximum (for ‘full floating’ disc) straightness increasing, compared to the initial value
measured before the test, is allowed.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/159
ANNEX 15
CRITERIA FOR GROUPS OF DISCS FOR VEHICLES OF CATEGORIES L, L, L, L AND L
1 2 3 4 5
1. DEFINITION OF THE DISC BRAKING SURFACE WIDTH
Braking surface means the surface of a brake disc on which the brake pads work. The braking surface width is
calculated between the disc outer diameter and an internal diameter defined as follows:
1.1. Case of braking surface with lightening (holes, slots, wave, etc.) on the braking surface (Figure 1) only: 3 mm
towards the centre of the disc from the end of the lightening.
1.2. Case of braking surface with lightening (holes, slots, wave, etc.) with distance from the disc's internal diameter
lower than 5 mm (Figure 2): diameter of the brake disc undercut.
1.3. Case of braking surface with lightening (holes, slots, wave, etc.) which terminate inside, outside the brake disc
undercut (Figure 3): diameter of the brake disc internal undercut.
1.4. All other cases: internal diameter defined by the radial width of the largest combinable pad, to which 3 mm need
to be added (Figure 4).
Figure 1 Figure 2
Figure 3 Figure 4
2. GROUPS OF DISCS
‘Group of discs’ means a grouping of similar discs, so that the tests performed on a single disc are considered
valid for the entire group of similar discs.
Discs belonging to the same group must have following features, as indicated at following paragraphs from 2.1
to 2.9.
For a given group of discs, the approval tests may be performed on one disc, belonging to the group, subjected
to the highest braking torque and to the largest energy to be absorbed.
The similarity between the discs is defined by following grouping criteria, that must be simultaneously fulfilled:
2.1. Same type of the reference disc for that group (one-piece, composed fixed or floating).
2.2. Braking surface material to be chosen among those listed at paragraph 5.3.3.2.2; other materials can be used
provided that, under approval, they are declared with equal demonstration of test results according to
paragraph 8. In this case, the extension applies to all groups listed in Table 3 for dimensions equal or lower to
that demonstrated.L 290/160 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2018
2.3. Braking surface lightening: any solution is allowed (holes, slots, wave, etc.) provided that:
2.3.1. For discs having the same diameter and thickness: the mass change of the braking surface swept by the pads
must be within the range of ± 20 per cent with respect to the reference disc.
2.3.2. All other cases: the ratio between the area of the disc braking surface, as defined in paragraph 4, and the
lightening area (sum of the area of holes, slots, etc.) must match those of the reference disc, with tolerance of –
20 per cent maximum.
Examples:
R reference disc, Ø 300 mm:
Outer diameter 300 mm, radial width of the braking surface 36,5 mm ≥ total area A = 302 cm2
Lightening on the braking surface: 64 holes diameter 7 mm ≥ total area
B = 24,6 cm2
A/B ratio = 12,3
S disc Ø 285:
Outer diameter 285 mm, radial width of the braking surface 41 mm ≥ total area A = 314 cm2
Lightening on the braking surface: 60 holes diameter 7 mm ≥ total area
B = 23 cm2
A/B ratio = 13,7
S disc may belong to the same group of R reference disc, as the 13,7 ratio is greater than the 12, ratio of R disc.
T disc Ø 260:
Outer diameter 260 mm, radial width of the braking surface 29 mm ≥ total area A = 210 cm2
Lightening on the braking surface: 64 holes diameter 7 mm ≥ total area
B = 24,6 cm2
A/B ratio = 8,5
T disc may not belong to the same group of R reference disc as the 8,5 ratio, – 31 per cent with respect to the
12,3 ratio of R disc, therefore over the specified tolerance of – 20 per cent maximum.
2.4. Same material and mechanical properties, as specified in the international standard for materials, or higher, for
the bell.
In the case of disc with steel bell, compared with the disc tested for approval with aluminium bell, the exception
of belonging to the same group is allowed; the reverse is not allowed.
2.5. Same material and mechanical properties, as specified in the international standard for materials, or higher, for
the bell/braking surface fasteners.
2.6. Spokes of the bell with full/empty ratio — measured on the average circumference between end of the mounting
face and beginning of the braking surface — within the range ± 20 per cent, thickness within the range between
+ 30 per cent and – 10 per cent and same mechanical properties, as specified in the international standard for
materials, with respect to the reference disc.
2.7. Same technical solution for the bell-braking surface fasteners (same drawing and materials; for the quantity of
bell-braking surface fasteners, permitted the same quantity with a tolerance of +2 – 0).
2.8. The quantity of fixing holes is not binding by group belonging, in order to ensure interchangeability with original
disc.16.11.2018 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 290/161
2.9. Outer diameter included in the range of 50 mm, according to Table 2.9:
Table A15/2.9
Range
One-piece Composite fixed Floating discs
[mm]
≥ 150 < 200 X X X
≥ 200 < 250 X X X
≥ 250 < 300 X X X
≥ 300 < 350 X X X
There are no groups for ‘peripheral’ discs (fitted on the wheel outer diameter).
Note:
For new applications that will be included into an existing group, an increase of 10 per cent maximum kinetic
energy is allowed with reference to the value used for the approval of the disc of the reference group.
Data for the new calculation of kinetic energy must be traced from the product data sheet issued by the vehicle
manufacturer.
In the case of discs with applications on both wheels, front and rear, the approval tests at paragraph 8 shall be
conducted on heaviest application.