CAR Section 4 Series B Part III (Heliports)

Amendments to CAR Section 4 Series B Part III (Heliports) Amendments are proposed in CAR Section 4 Series B Part III as per draft given below:

Notes on the presentation of the amendments:

Text to be deleted is shown with a line through it. text to be deleted New text to be inserted is highlighted with yellow shading. new text to be inserted Text to be deleted is shown with a line through it new text to replace followed by existing text the replacement text which is highlighted with yellow shading.

Existing Provisions in CAR Section 4 Amended Provisions in CAR Section 4 Series B Part Series B Part III III Not Available/ New Definition Ascent/Descent surface. An inclined plane or complex surface that slopes upward from the centre of the FATO to indicate the path helicopters are expected to follow when vertical procedures are utilized – it can consist of:

a) an inverted triangle when there is no lateral component; or b) an inverted conical surface when there is a lateral component.

Declared distances — heliports. Declared distances — heliports. a. Take-off distance available (TODAH). a) Take-off distance available (TODAH). The length of the The length of the final approach and take- FATO plus the length of helicopter clearway or elevated off area plus the length of helicopter helicopter clearway (if provided) declared available and clearway (if provided) declared available suitable for helicopters to complete the take-off.

and suitable for helicopters to complete b) Rejected take-off distance available (RTODAH). The the take-off. length of the FATO declared available and suitable for b. Rejected take-off distance available helicopters operated in performance class 1 to complete

(RTODAH). The length of the final a rejected take-off. approach and take-off area declared c) Landing distance available (LDAH). The length of the available and suitable for performance FATO plus any additional area declared available and class 1 helicopters to complete a rejected suitable for helicopters to complete the landing take-off. manoeuvre from a defined height.

c. Landing distance available (LDAH). The length of the final approach and take-off area plus any additional area declared available and suitable for helicopters to complete the landing manoeuvre from a defined height.

Not Available/ New Definition Elevated helicopter clearway. A helicopter clearway that has been raised to a level that provides obstacle clearance.Helicopter clearway. A defined area on Helicopter clearway. A defined area on the ground or the ground or water under the control of water, selected and/or prepared as a suitable area over the appropriate authority, selected and/ or which a helicopter operated in performance class 1 may prepared as a suitable area over which a accelerate and achieve a specific height specified set of performance class 1 helicopter may helicopter flight conditions.

accelerate and achieve a specific height.

Not Available/ New Definition Initial departure fix (IDF). The terminal fix for the visual segment and the fix where the instrument phase of the PinS departure begins.

Point-in-space approach (PinS). The Point-in-space (PinS) approach. The point-in-space Point-in-space approach is based on approach is based on GNSS and is aAn approach GNSS and is an approach procedure procedure designed for helicopters only that includes both designed for helicopter only. It is aligned a visual and an instrument segment. It is aligned with a with a reference point located to permit reference point located to permit subsequent flight subsequent flight manoeuvring or manoeuvring or approach and landing using visual approach and landing using visual manoeuvring in adequate visual conditions to see and manoeuvring in adequate visual avoid obstacles.

conditions to see and avoid obstacles.

Not Available/ New Definition Point-in-space (PinS) departure. A departure procedure designed for helicopters only that includes both a visual and an instrument segment.

Point-in-space (PinS) reference point (PRP).

Reference point for the point-in-space approach as identified by the latitude and longitude of the MAPt.

Point-in-space (PinS) visual segment. Point-in-space (PinS) visual segment. This is tThe This is the segment of a helicopter PinS segment of a helicopter PinS approach procedure from approach procedure from the MAPt to the the between a point (MAPt or IDF) and the heliport. to the landing location for a PinS “proceed landing location for a PinS “proceed visually” procedure.

visually” procedure. This visual segment This visual segment connects the PinS to the landing connects the Point-in-space (PinS) to the location. landing location. Note.— The procedure design criteria for a PinS approach Note.— The procedure design criteria for and the detailed design requirements for a visual segment a PinS approach and the detailed design procedures are established in the Procedures for Air requirements for a visual segment are Navigation Services — Aircraft Operations, Volume II established in the Procedures for Air (PANS-OPS, Doc 8168 – Volume II).

Navigation Services — Aircraft Operations, (PANS-OPS, Doc 8168).

Not Available/ New Definition Vertical procedures. Take-off and landing procedures that include an initial vertical or steep climb and a finalvertical or steep descent profile. The profile may or may not include a lateral component.

Not Available 1.4 Certification of heliports New Requirement/ Regulation (Applicable as of 26 November 2026) Note.— The intent of these specifications is to ensure the establishment of a regulatory regime so that compliance with the specifications in this Annex can be effectively enforced. It is recognized that the methods of ownership, operation and surveillance of heliports differ among States. The most effective and transparent means of ensuring compliance with applicable specifications is the availability of a separate safety oversight entity and a well- defined safety oversight mechanism with support of appropriate legislation to be able to carry out the function of safety regulation of heliports. When a heliport is granted a certificate, it signifies to aircraft operators and other organizations operating on the heliport that, at the time of certification, the heliport meets the specifications regarding the facility and its operation, and that it has, according to the certifying authority, the capability to maintain these specifications for the period of validity of the certificate. The certification process also establishes the baseline for continued monitoring of compliance with the specifications. Information on the status of certification of heliports would need to be provided to the appropriate aeronautical information services for promulgation in the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). See 2.6.1 and the PANS-AIM (Doc 10066), Appendix 2, AD 1.5 (1).

1.4.1 States shall certify heliports used for international operations in accordance with the specifications contained in this Annex as well as other relevant ICAO specifications through an appropriate regulatory framework.

Note 1.— In addition to certifying heliports intended to be used by helicopters in international civil aviation, certifying heliports that are open to public use is deemed also to be beneficial for the safety, regularity and efficiency of these operations.

Note 2.— Guidance on heliport certification, including the interrelations between the aerodrome and heliport certification processes in case of co-location on anaerodrome, can be found in the Heliport Manual (Doc

9261).

1.4.2 The regulatory framework shall include the establishment of criteria and procedures for the certification of heliports.

Note.— Guidance on a regulatory framework is given in the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).

1.4.3 As part of the certification process, States shall ensure that a heliport manual which will include all pertinent information on the heliport site, facilities, services, equipment, operating procedures, organization and management including a safety management system

(SMS), is submitted by the applicant for approval/acceptance prior to granting the heliport certificate.

Note 1.— Guidance on the contents of a heliport manual, including procedures for its submission and approval/acceptance, verification of compliance and granting of a heliport certificate, can be found in the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).

Note 2.— Annex 19 — Safety Management contains SMS provisions applicable to certified heliports. Overarching guidance on SMS is contained in the Safety Management Manual (Doc 9859) with sector specific guidance found in the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).

2.4.1 The following data shall be measured or 2.4.1 The following data shall be measured or described, as appropriate, for each facility provided on a heliport: described, as appropriate, for each facility

provided on a heliport: g )approach surface — when elevated, the height of the inner edge above the FATO; f) Apron — surface type, helicopter stands;

Note.— When the take-off climb surface is g) Clearway — length, ground profile and elevated, its inner edge and height will be the outer edge of the elevated helicopter clearway as specified h) Visual aids for approach procedures, in 4.1.14.

marking and lighting of FATO, TLOF, helicopter ground taxiways and helicopter gh) helicopter clearway — length, ground profile, or, air taxiways and helicopter stands. when elevated, height above the FATO, length and width; and hi) visual aids for approach procedures, marking and lighting of FATO, TLOF, helicopter taxiways,helicopter taxi-routes and helicopter stands.

2.6.1 To ensure that aeronautical 2.6.1 To ensure that aeronautical information services information services units obtain units obtain information to enable them to provide up-to- information to enable them to provide up- date pre-flight information and to meet the need for in- to-date pre-flight information and to meet flight information, arrangements shall be made between the need for in-flight information, aeronautical information services and heliport authorities arrangements shall be made between responsible for heliport services to report to the aeronautical information services and responsible aeronautical information services unit, with a

heliport authorities responsible for heliport minimum of delay: services to report to the responsible a. information on the status of certification of heliports and aeronautical information services unit, with Information on heliport conditions;

a minimum of delay: a. Information on heliport conditions;

3.1.16 A helicopter clearway shall provide: a) an area free of obstacles, except for 3.1.16 A helicopter clearway shall provide: essential objects which because of their a) an area free of obstacles, except for essential function are located on it, and of sufficient objects which because of their function are size and shape to ensure containment of located on it, and of sufficient size and shape to the design helicopter when it is ensure containment of the design helicopter accelerating in level flight, and close to the when it is accelerating in level flight, and close surface, to achieve its safe climbing to the surface, to achieve its safe climbing speed; and speed; and b) When solid, a surface which: is contiguous and flush with the FATO; is b) when solid, a surface which is contiguous and resistant to the effects of rotor downwash; flush with the FATO and safety area, is and is free of hazards if a forced landing is resistant to the effects of rotor downwash and required. is free of hazards should a forced landing be required; or c) when elevated, clearance above all obstacles.

3.1.17 When a helicopter clearway is

provided, it shall be located beyond the 3.1.17 When a helicopter clearway is provided, it the end of the FATO. inner edge shall be located beyond the end of the

FATO: a) at the outer edge of the safety area; or b) when elevated, directly above, or directly below, the outer edge of the safety area.

Note.— Guidance on designing a clearway that is below the FATO of an elevated heliport/helideck is

provided in Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).3.2.1 The specifications in paragraphs

3.2.1 The specifications in paragraphs 3.32.14

3.3.14 and 3.3.15 shall be applicable for and 3.32.15 shall be applicable for helidecks completed on or after 1 January helidecks

2012. completed on or after 1 January 2012.

3.2.4 A TLOF may be any shape but shall 3.2.4 A TLOF may be any shape but , subject to an

be of sufficient size to contain: appropriate risk assessment, shall be of sufficient size to a) for helicopters with an MTOM of more contain: than 3 175 kg, an area within which can a) for helicopters with an MTOM of more than 3 175 kg, be accommodated a circle of diameter an area within which can be accommodated a circle of not less than 1 D of the largest helicopter diameter not less than 1 D of the largest helicopter the the helideck is intended to serve; and helideck is intended to serve; and b) for helicopters with an MTOM of 3 175 b) for helicopters with an MTOM of 3 175 kg or less, an kg or less, an area within which can be area within which can be accommodated a circle of accommodated a circle of diameter not diameter not less than 0.83 D of the largest helicopter less than 0.83 D of the largest helicopter the helideck is intended to serve.

the helideck is intended to serve.

Note.— Further guidance on factors to inform the risk assessment are given in the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).

3.2.5 For helicopters with a MTOM of 3 175 kg or less, the TLOF shall be of 3.2.5 Recommendation For helicopters with a MTOM of 3 175 kg or less, t The TLOF should be of sufficient sufficient size to contain an area within size to contain an area within which can be which can be accommodated a circle of accommodated a circle of diameter of not less than 1 D diameter of not less than 1 D of the of the largest helicopter the helideck is intended to largest helicopter the helideck is intended serve.

to serve.

3.2.10 No fixed object shall be permitted around the edge of the TLOF except for 3.2.10 No fixed object shall be permitted around the frangible objects, which, because of their edge of the TLOF except for frangible objects, which, because of their function, must be located thereon.

function, must be located thereon.

4.1 Obstacle limitation surfaces and Obstacle limitation surfaces and sectors sectors Note 1.— A full description, detailed explanation and visual depiction of the obstacle limitation surfaces and sectors is provided in the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).

Note 2.— For guidance on the provision of vertical procedures, see the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).Note 3.— For guidance on the provision of elevated helicopter clearways and elevated surfaces, see the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).

Note 4.— See Table 4-1 for dimensions and slopes of surfaces.

4.1.1 An inclined plane or a combination of planes or, when a turn is involved, a 4.1.1 Description. An inclined plane or a combination of planes or, when a turn is or complex surface sloping upwards from turns are involved, a complex surface sloping the end of the safety area and centred on upwards from the inner edge end of the safety a line passing through the centre of the area and centred on a line passing through FATO.

the centre of the FATO.

Note.— See Figure 4-1, 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4 for depiction of surfaces. See table 4-1 for Note.— See Figure 4-1, 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4 for depiction dimension and slope of surfaces. of surfaces. See table 4-1 for dimension and slope of surfaces.

4.1.2 The limits of an approach surface

shall comprise: 4.1.2 Characteristics. The limits of an approach a) an inner edge, horizontal and equal in surface shall comprise: length to the minimum specified width/ a) an inner edge, horizontal and perpendicular to diameter of the FATO plus the safety the centre line of the approach surface, with a area, perpendicular to the centre line of minimum width equal in length to the minimum the approach surface and located at the specified width/diameter of the FATO plus the outer edge of the safety area;

safety area, perpendicular to the centre line of

the approach surface and located at:

1) the outer edge of the safety area; or

2) when vertical procedures are being utilized, directly above the outer edge of the safety area.

4.1.2 c) an outer edge horizontal and perpendicular to the c) An outer edge horizontal and centre line of the approach surface and at: perpendicular to the center line of the approach surface and at a specified 1) a specified height of 152 m (500 ft) above height of 152 m (500 ft) above the the elevation of the FATO.; or elevation of the FATO.

2) when a PinS approach procedure with proceed visually instruction is defined, a specified height above the elevation of the FATO.4.1.3 The elevation of the inner edge shall be the elevation of the FATO at the 4.1.3 The elevation of the inner edge shall be:

point on the inner edge that is intersected a) tThe elevation of the FATO at the point on the by the centre line of the approach inner edge that is intersected by the centre line surface. For heliports intended to be used of the approach surface; or . For heliports by helicopters operated in performance intended to be used by helicopters operated in class 1 and when approved by an performance class 1 and when approved by an appropriate authority, the origin of the appropriate authority, the origin of the inclined inclined plane may be raised directly plane may be raised directly above the FATO.

above the FATO. b) when vertical procedures are being utilized; the level at which obstacle clearance is achieved.

4.1.5 In the case of an approach surface involving a turn, the surface shall be a 4.1.5 In the case of an approach surface involving a turn or turns, the surface shall be a complex surface complex surface containing the horizontal containing the horizontal normals to its centre line and normals to its centre line and the slope of the slope of the centre line shall be the same as that the centre line shall be the same as that for a straight approach surface.

for a straight approach surface.

Note.— See Figure 4-51. For guidance on construction Note.— See Figure 4-5. of turns in approach or take-off climb surfaces see the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).

4.1.6 In the case of an approach surface 4.1.6 In the case of an approach surface involving a involving a turn, the surface shall not turn, the surface shall not contain more than one curved contain more than one curved portion. portion.

4.1.7 & 4.1.8 Numbering Changed to 4.1.6 and 4.1.7 Transitional surface Transitional surface Note.1— For a FATO at a heliport without a PinS approach incorporating a visual Note.— For a FATO at a heliport without a PinS approach incorporating a visual segment surface segment surface (VSS) there is no

(VSS) there is no requirement to provide transitional requirement to provide transitional surfaces. surfaces.

4.1.9 A complex surface along the side of

4.1.89 Description. A complex surface along the the safety area and part of the side of the side of the safety area and helicopter clearway, when approach surface / take off climb surface,

provided, and part of the side of the approach/or take- that slopes upwards and outwards to a off climb surface, that slopes upwards and outwards predetermined height of 45 m (150 ft) to a predetermined height of 45 m (150 ft).

Note.— See Figure 4- 3 Transitional surfaces. See Table 40-1 for dimensions Note.— See Figure 4-3. See Table 4-1 for and slope of the surfaces.. dimensions and slopes of surfaces.4.1.10 The limits of a transitional surface

shall comprise: 4.1.910 Characteristics. The limits of a transitional a. a lower edge beginning at a point on surface shall comprise: the side of the approach / take off clinb surface at a specified height above the a) a lower edge beginning at a point on the side of lower edge extending down the side of the approach/ or take-off climb surface at a the approach / take off climb surface to specified height above the lower edge the inner edge of the approach / take off extending down the side of the approach/ or climb surface, and from there along the take-off climb surface to the inner edge of the length of the side of the safety area approach/take-off climb surface and from there parallel to the centre line of the FATO; along the length of the side of the helicopter and clearway, when provided, and safety area, b. Upper edge located at a specified parallel to the centre line of the FATO; and height above the lower edge as set out in b) an upper edge located at: a specified height Table 4-1.

above the lower edge as set out in Table 4-1.

1) 45 m (150 ft) above the FATO; or

2) when vertical procedures are being utilized; 15 m (50 ft) above the elevation of the upper edge of the ascent/descent surface.

4.1.11 the elevation of a point on the

lower edge shall be: 4.1.101 The elevation of a point on the lower edge a. along the side of the approach surface/ shall be: take off climb surface — equal to the a) along the side of the approach/ or take-off elevation of the approach/ take off climb climb surface — equal to the elevation of the surface at that point; and approach/ or take-off climb surface at that point; then and b. Along the safety area — equal to the elevation of the inner edge of the b) if provided, along the helicopter clearway – approach / take off climb surface.

equal to the elevation of the helicopter clearway; and Note 1.— If the origin of the inclined plane of the approach/take-off climb bc) along the safety area — equal to the surface is raised as approved by an elevation of the inner edge of the appropriate authority, the elevation of the approach/take-off climb surface FATO.

origin of the transitional surface will be raised accordingly. Note 1.— If the origin of the inclined plane of the Note 2.— As a result of b) the transitional approach/take-off climb surface is raised as approved by an appropriate authority, the elevation of the origin surface along the safety area of the transitional surface will be raised accordingly.Note 2.— As a result of b), the transitional surface along the safety area will be curved if the profile of the FATO is curved, or a plane if the profile is a straight line.

4.1.12 The slope of the transitional surface shall be measured in a vertical 4.1.112 The slope of the transitional surface shall be measured in a vertical plane at right angles to the plane at right angles to the centre line of centre line of the FATO the FATO.

Take-off climb surface Take-off climb surface

4.1.13 Description. An inclined plane, a combination of planes or, when a turn is 4.1.123 Description. An inclined plane, a combination of planes or, when a turn is or turns are involved, a complex surface sloping involved, a complex surface sloping upwards from the upwards from the end of the safety area end of the safety area, or of the helicopter clearway, and centred on a line passing through the when provided, and centred on a line passing through centre of the FATO.

the centre of the FATO.

Note.— See Figures 4-1, 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4 for depiction of surfaces. See Table 4-1 Note.— See Table 4-1 for dimensions and slopes for dimensions and slopes of surfaces. of surfaces. See Figures 4-1, 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4 for depiction of surfaces.

4.1.14 Characteristics. The limits of a 4.1.134 Characteristics. The limits of a take-off take-off climb surface shall comprise: climb surface shall comprise: a) an inner edge horizontal and equal in length to the minimum specified a) an inner edge, horizontal and perpendicular to the centre line of the take-off climb surface, width/diameter of the FATO plus the with a equal in length to the minimum specified safety area, perpendicular to the centre width of the width/diameter of:

line of the take-off climb surface and located at the outer edge of the safety

1) when located at the outer edge of the area; safety area or helicopter clearway, the b) two side edges originating at the ends FATO plus the safety area, perpendicular of the inner edge and diverging uniformly to the centre line of the take-off climb at a specified rate from the vertical plane surface and located at the outer edge of the containing the centre line of the FATO; safety area; or and

2) when located at the outer edge of the c) an outer edge horizontal and elevated helicopter clearway, the elevated perpendicular to the centre line of the helicopter clearway. take-off climb surface and at a specified b) two side edges originating at the ends of the height of 152 m (500 ft) above the inner edge and diverging uniformly at a elevation of the FATO.

specified rate from the vertical plane containing the centre line of the FATO; andc) an outer edge horizontal and perpendicular to the centre line of the take-off climb surface and at:

1) a specified height of 152 m (500 ft) above the elevation of the FATO; or

2) when a PinS departure procedure with proceed visually instruction is defined, a specified height above the elevation of the FATO.

4.1.15 the elevation of the inner edge shall be the elevation of the FATO at the 4.1.145 The elevation of the inner edge shall be: point on the inner edge that is intersected a) the elevation of the FATO at the point on the by the centre line of the take-off climb inner edge that is intersected by the centre line surface. For heliports intended to be used of the take-off climb surface; or. For heliports by helicopters operated in performance intended to be used by helicopters operated in class 1 and when approved by an performance class 1 and when approved by an appropriate authority, the origin of the appropriate authority, the origin of the inclined inclined plane may be raised directly plane may be raised directly above the FATO.

above the FATO. b) when located at the outer edge of the helicopter clearway, the elevation of the helicopter clearway.

4.1.16 where a clearway is provided the elevation of the inner edge of the take-off 4.1.16 Where a clearway is provided, the climb surface shall be located at the outer elevation of the inner edge of the take-off climb surface shall be located at the outer edge of the edge of the clearway at the highest point clearway at the highest point on the ground based on on the ground based on the centre line of the centre line of the clearway.

the clearway.

4.1.17 Numbering changed to 4.1.15

4.1.18 In the case of a take-off climb surface involving a turn, the surface shall 4.1.168 In the case of a take-off climb surface be a complex surface containing the involving a turn or turns, the surface shall be a complex surface containing the horizontal normals to horizontal normal to its centre line and the its centre line and the slope of the centre line shall be slope of the centre line shall be the same the same as that for a straight take-off climb surface.

as that for a straight take-off climb surface.

Note.— See Figure 4-5.Note.— See Figure 4-51. For guidance on construction of turns in approach or take-off climb surfaces see the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).

4.1.19 In the case of a take-off climb surface involving a turn, the surface shall 4.1.19 In the case of a take-off climb surface not contain more than one curved portion. involving a turn, the surface shall not contain more than one curved portion.

4.1.20 where a curved portion of a take- 4.1.1720 Where a curved portion of a take-off off climb surface is provided the sum of climb surface, that does not have its inner edge at the the radius of arc defining the centre line outer edge of a clearway, is provided, the sum of the of the take-off climb surface and the radius of arc defining the centre line of the take-off length of the straight portion originating at climb surface and the length of the straight portion the inner edge shall not be less than 575 originating at the inner edge shall not be less than 575 m. m.

Note.— Helicopter take-off performance is reduced in a turn and as such a straight portion along the take-off climb surface prior to the start of the curve allows for acceleration.

4.1.21 Any variation in the direction of the 4.1.2118 Any variation in the direction of the centre line centre line of a take-off climb surface of a take-off climb surface shall be designed so as not to shall be designed so as not to necessitate necessitate a turn of radius less than 270 m.

a turn of radius less than 270 m.

Note 1.— Helicopter take-off Note 1.— Helicopter take-off performance is performance is reduced in a curve and as reduced in a curve and as such a straight portion along the take-off climb surface prior to the start of such a straight portion along the take-off the curve allows for acceleration.

climb surface prior to the start of the curve allows for acceleration.

Note 2.— For heliports intended to be used by Note 2.— For heliports intended to be helicopters operated in performance class 2 and 3 it used by helicopters operated in is good practice for the departure paths to be selected performance class 2 and 3 it is good so as to permit safe forced landings or one-engine- practice for the departure paths to be inoperative landings such that, as a minimum selected so as to permit safe forced requirement, injury to persons on the ground or water landings or one-engine-inoperative or damage to property are minimized. The most landings such that, as a minimum critical helicopter type for which the heliport is requirement, injury to persons on the intended and the ambient conditions may be factors ground or water or damage to property in determining the suitability of such areas.

are minimized. The most critical helicopter type for which the heliport is intended and the ambient conditions may be factors in determining the suitability of such areas.4.1.22,4.1.23,4.1.24 Figure 4-7,

4.2.25,4.2.26 Figure 4-8 Figure 4-9 Numbering Changed to 4.1.19, 4.1.20, 4.1.21 & Figure 4-2 , 4.1.22, 4.1.23 Figure 4-3 Figure 4-4

4.2 Obstacle limitation requirements 4.2 Obstacle limitation requirements Note1.— The requirements for obstacle Note1.— The requirements for obstacle limitation limitation surfaces are specified on the surfaces are specified on the basis of the intended use of basis of the intended use of a FATO, i.e. a FATO, i.e. approach manoeuvre to hover or landing, or approach manoeuvre to hover or landing, take-off manoeuvre and type of approach, and are or take-off manoeuvre and type of intended to be applied when such use is made of the approach, and are intended to be applied FATO. In cases where operations are conducted to or when such use is made of the FATO. In from both directions of a FATO, then the function of cases where operations are conducted to certain surfaces may be nullified because of more or from both directions of a FATO, then stringent requirements of another lower surface.

the function of certain surfaces may be nullified because of more stringent Note 2.— Guidance on obstacle protection requirements of another lower surface. surfaces, for when a visual approach slope indicator

(VASI) is installed, is given in the onshore section of Note 2.— Guidance on obstacle the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261). protection surfaces, for when a visual approach slope indicator (VASI) is Note 3.— Guidance on obstacle protection surfaces, installed, is given in the onshore section or operational limitations, when temporary obstacles of the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).

are present, is given in the Heliport Manual (Doc

9261).

Surface level heliports Surface-level heliports Onshore heliports

4.2.1 The following obstacle limitation surfaces shall be established for a FATO 4.2.1 The following obstacle limitation surfaces at heliport with a PinS approach shall be established for a FATO at heliports with procedure utilizing a visual segment a PinS approach or departure procedure utilizing

surface: a visual segment surface with a proceed visually a. Take-off climb surface instruction: b.Approach surface; and a) take-off climb surface; c. Transitional surfaces. b) approach surface; and Note 1. -See Figure 4-3.

Note 2.— The Procedures for Air c) transitional surfaces.

Navigation Services — Aircraft Operations, (PANS-OPS, Doc 8168), Note 1.— See Figure 4-3.

Volume II,Part IV — Helicopters, details procedure design criteria. Note 2.— The Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Aircraft Operations, (PANS-OPS, Doc

8168), Volume II, Part IV details procedure design criteria.4.2.2 The following obstacle limitation 4.2.2 The following obstacle limitation surfaces shall be surfaces shall be established for a FATO established for a FATO at heliports, other than specified at heliports, other than specified in 4.2.1, in 4.2.1, including heliports with a PinS approach or including heliports with a PinS approach departure procedure where a visual segment surface is

procedure where a visual segment not provided without a proceed visually instruction:

surface is not provided: a) take-off climb surface; and a) take-off climb surface; and b) approach surface. b) approach surface.

4.2.3 The slopes of the obstacle limitation 4.2.3 The slopes of the obstacle limitation surfaces shall surfaces shall not be greater than, and not be greater than, and their other dimensions not less their other dimensions not less than those than, those specified in Table 4-1 and shall be located specified in Tables 4-1 to 4-4 and shall be as shown in Figures 4-1, 4-2 and 4-6.

located as shown in Figures 4-1 4-2 to 4-

6.

4.2.4 For heliports that have an 4.2.4 Except Ffor heliports facilitating performance approach/take-off climb surface with a 4.5 class 1 operations, that have an approach/take- off per cent slope design, objects shall be climb surface with a 4.5 per cent slope design, objects permitted to penetrate the obstacle shall be permitted to penetrate the obstacle limitation limitation surface, if the results of an surface if the results of an aeronautical study aeronautical study approved by an approved by an appropriate authority have reviewed appropriate authority have reviewed the the associated risks and mitigation measures.

associated risks and mitigation measures.

Note 1.— The identified objects may limit Note 1.— The identified objects may limit the heliport the heliport operation. operation.

Note 2.— Annex 6, Part 3, provides procedures that may be useful in Note 2.— Annex 6, Part 3, provides procedures that may determining the extent of obstacle be useful in determining the extent of obstacle penetration. penetration.

4.2.5 New objects or extensions of 4.2.5 New objects or extensions of existing existing objects shall not be permitted objects shall not be permitted above any of the surfaces above any of the surfaces in 4.2.1 and in 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 except when shielded by an existing

4.2.2 except when shielded by an existing immovable object or after an aeronautical study immovable object or after an aeronautical approved by an appropriate authority determines that study approved by an appropriate the object will not adversely affect the safety or authority determines that the object will significantly affect the regularity of operations of not adversely affect the safety or helicopters.

significantly affect the regularity of Note.— Circumstances in which the shielding principle operations of helicopters. may reasonably be applied are described in the Airport Note.— Circumstances in which the Services Manual (Doc 9137), Part 6.

shielding principle may reasonably be applied are described in the ICAO Airport Services ICAO Manual, Part 6.4.2.6 Existing objects above any of the 4.2.6 Recommendation.— Existing objects above surfaces in 4.2.1 to 4.2.4 shall, as far as any of the surfaces in 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 should, as far practicable, be removed except when, the as practicable, be removed except when the object is object is shielded by an existing shielded by an existing immovable object or after an immovable object or after an aeronautical aeronautical study approved by an appropriate study approved by an appropriate authority determines that the object will not adversely authority determines that the object will affect the safety or significantly affect the regularity of not adversely affect the safety or operations of helicopters.

significantly affect the regularity of operations of helicopters. Note.— The application of curved approach or take- off climb surfaces and/or the utilization of vertical Note.— The application of curved procedures as specified in 4.1.5 or 4.1.18 may approach or take-off climb surfaces as alleviate the problems created by objects infringing specified in 4.1.5 and 4.1.18 may these surfaces.

alleviate the problems created by objects infringing these surfaces.

4.2.7 A surface-level heliport shall have at 4.2.7 Recommendation. A surface-level heliport least one approach and take-off climb shall should have at least one two approach and take- surface. An aeronautical study shall be off climb surfaces, separated by not less than 135°. An undertaken by an appropriate authority aeronautical study shall be undertaken by an when only a single approach and take-off appropriate authority when only a single approach and climb surface is provided considering as a take-off climb surface is provided considering as a minimum, the following factors: minimum, the following factors:

a. the area/terrain over which the flight is being conducted; a) the area/terrain over which the flight is being b. the obstacle environment surrounding conducted; the heliport and the availability of at least b) the obstacle environment surrounding the heliport one protected side slope; and the availability of at least one protected side slope;

c. the performance and operating c) the performance and operating limitations of limitations of helicopters intending to use helicopters intending to use the heliport; and the heliport; and d) the local meteorological conditions including the prevailing winds.

d. the local meteorological conditions including the prevailing winds.

4.2.8 A surface-level heliport shall have at 4.2.8 Recommendation.— A surface-level heliport least two approach and take-off climb should have at least two approach and take-off climb surfaces to avoid downwind conditions, surfaces to avoid downwind conditions, minimize minimize crosswind conditions and permit crosswind conditions and permit for a balked landing.

for a balked landing.

Note.— See the Heliport Manual (Doc Note.— See the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261) for

9261) for guidance. guidance.Note The slope design categories in Note The slope design categories in Table 4-1 may Table 4-1 may not be restricted to a not be restricted to a specific performance class of specific performance class of operation operation and may be applicable to more than one and may be applicable to more than one performance class of operation. The slope design performance class of operation. The categories depicted in Table 4-1 represent minimum slope design categories depicted in Table design slope angles and not operational slopes.

4-1 represent minimum design slope Slope category "A" generally corresponds with angles and not operational slopes. Slope helicopters operated in performance class 1: slope category "A" generally corresponds with category "B" generally corresponds with helicopters helicopters operated in performance class operated in performance class 3: and slope category 1: slope category "B" generally "C" generally corresponds with helicopters operated corresponds with helicopters operated in in performance class 2. Consultation with helicopter performance class 3: and slope category operators will help to determine the appropriate slope "C" generally corresponds with category to apply according to the heliport helicopters operated in performance class environment and the most critical helicopter type for

2. Consultation with helicopter operators which the heliport is intended. will help to determine the appropriate slope category to apply according to theheliport environment and the most critical helicopter type for which the heliport is intended.

Editorial Note.— Delete Figures 4-1 to 4-4 and Figure 4-6 and associated notes in toto. Figure 4-5 to be renumbered as Figure 4-1.

Figure 4-1. Obstacle limitation surfaces — take-off climb and approach surface Figure 4-2. Take-off climb/approach surface width Figure 4-3. Transitional surface for a FATO with a PinS approach procedure with a VSS Figure 4-4. Example of raised inclined plane during operations in performance class 1 Note 1.— This example diagram does not represent any specific profile, technique or helicopter type and is intended to show a generic example. An approach profile and a back-up procedure for departure profile are depicted. Specific manufacturers’ operations in performance class 1 may be represented differently in the specific helicopter flight manual (HMF). Annex 6, Part 3, Attachment A provides back-up procedures that may be useful for operations in performance class 1.

Note 2.— The approach/landing profile may not be the reverse of the take-off profile.

Note 3.— Additional obstacle assessment might be required in the area that a back-up procedure is intended. Helicopter performance and the HFM limitations will determine the extent of the assessment required.

Figure 4-5. Curved approach and take-off climb surface for all FATOs Figure 4-6. Approach and take-off climb surfaces with different slope design categories Elevated heliports Elevated heliports

4.2.9 The obstacle limitation surfaces for 4.2.9 The obstacle limitation surfaces for elevated heliports shall conform to the elevated heliports shall conform to the requirements requirements for surface-level heliports for surface-level heliports specified in 4.2.1 to 4.2.6.

specified in 4.2.1 to 4.2.6.

4.2.10 An elevated heliport shall have at least

4.2.10 An elevated heliport shall have at one approach and take-off climb surface. An least one approach and take-off climb aeronautical study shall be undertaken by an surface. An aeronautical study shall be appropriate authority when only a single approach undertaken by an appropriate authority and take- off climb surface is provided considering as when only a single approach and take- off a minimum, the following factors:

climb surface is provided considering as a minimum, the following factors: a) the area/terrain over which the flight is being conducted; a) the area/terrain over which the flight is b) the obstacle environment surrounding the being conducted; heliport and the availability of at least one protected b) the obstacle environment surrounding side slope;

the heliport and the availability of at least one protected side slope; c) the performance and operating limitations of helicopters intending to use the heliport; and d) the local meteorological conditionsc) the performance and operating including the prevailing winds.

limitations of helicopters intending to use 4.2.11 Recommendation.— An elevated heliport the heliport; and should have at least two approach and take-off climb surfaces to avoid downwind conditions, minimize d) the local meteorological crosswind conditions and permit for a balked landing.

conditions including the prevailing winds.

4.2.11 Recommendation.— An elevated Note.— See the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261) for heliport should have at least two guidance. approach and take-off climb surfaces to avoid downwind conditions, minimize crosswind conditions and permit for a balked landing.

Note.— See the Heliport Manual (Doc

9261) for guidance.

4.2.12 onwards 4.2.8 Numbering/referencing and figure referenceing change

Chapter 5 Visual Aids

5.2.14 Helicopter air taxi-route markings 5.2.14 Helicopter air taxi-route markings and markers and markers Location Location

5.2.14.2 A helicopter air taxi-route centre 5.2.14.2 A helicopter air taxi-route centre line marking line marking or flush in-ground centre line or flush in-ground centre line markers shall be located marker shall be located along the centre along the centre line of the helicopter air taxiway.

line of the helicopter air taxiway.

5.2.14.4 A helicopter air taxi-route centre 5.2.14.4 A helicopter air taxi-route centre line, when line, when on an unpaved surface that will on an unpaved surface that will not accommodate not accommodate painted markings, shall painted markings, shall be marked with flush in- be marked with flush in-ground 15 cm ground 15 cm wide and approximately 1.5 m in length wide and approximately 1.5 m in length yellow markers, spaced at intervals of not more than yellow markers, spaced at intervals of not 30 m on straight sections and not more than 15 m on more than 30 m on straight sections and curves, with a minimum of four equally spaced not more than 15 m on curves, with a markers per section.

minimum of four equally spaced markers Note.— Further guidance on the characteristics of per section. markers is provided in the Heliport Manual (Doc

9261).

5.3 Lights 5.3 Lights

5.3.1 General 5.3.1 General Note 6.— In cases where operations into Note 6.— In cases where operations into a heliport are a heliport are to be conducted at night to be conducted at night with night vision imaging with Night Vision Imaging Systems systems (NVIS), it is important to ensure establish the

(NVIS), it is important to establish the compatibility of the NVIS with all heliport lighting are compatibility of the NVIS system with all compatible with the NVIS such as through the addition of infrared emitters to the heliport lighting. Where suchheliport lighting through an assessment additional measures are not practicable, helicopter by the helicopter operator prior to use. operators using NVIS are to be made aware of it. an assessment by the helicopter operator prior to use.

5.3.2 Heliport beacon 5.3.2 Heliport beacon Note.— The objective of a heliport beacon is to make a heliport more conspicuous to assist the pilot to locate and identify the heliport at night and/or by day in reduced visibility.

5.3.3 Approach lighting system 5.3.3 Approach lighting system Note.— The objective of an approach lighting system is to allow the helicopter operator, by day and night, to visually identify the heliport and align the helicopter on the centreline of the FATO upon arriving at a prescribed point on the approach flight path.

5.3.4 Flight path alignment guidance 5.3.4 Flight path alignment guidance lighting lighting system system Note.— The objective of a flight path alignment guidance lighting system is to indicate, by day, night, and in reduced visibility, available approach and/or departure flight path direction(s).

5.3.7 Final approach and take-off area 5.3.7 Final approach and take-off area lighting lighting systems for onshore surface- systems perimeter lights for onshore surface-level level heliports heliports Note.— The objective of a final approach Note.— The objective of a final approach and take-off and take-off area lighting system for area lighting system perimeter lights for onshore onshore surface-level heliports is to surface-level heliports is to provide to the pilot provide to the pilot operating at night an operating at night an indication of the shape, location indication of the shape, location and and extent of the FATO.

extent of the FATO.

5.3.7.1 Where a FATO with a solid 5.3.7.1 Where a FATO with a solid surface is surface is established at a surface-level established at a surface-level heliport intended for heliport intended for use at night, FATO use at night, FATO perimeter lights shall be provided lights shall be provided except that they except that they may be omitted where the FATO and may be omitted where the FATO and the the TLOF are nearly coincidental or the extent of the TLOF are nearly coincidental or the FATO is self-evident.

extent of the FATO is self-evident.

5.3.7.2 FATO lights shall be placed 5.3.7.2 FATO perimeter lights shall be placed along the edges of the FATO. The lights along the edges of the FATO. The lights shall be

shall be uniformly spaced as follows: uniformly spaced as follows: a) for an area in the form of a square a) for an area in the form of a square or or rectangle, at intervals of not more than rectangle, at intervals of not more than 50 m with a 50 m with a minimum of four lights on minimum of four lights on each side including a light each side including a light at each corner; at each corner; and and b) for any other shaped area, including a b) for any other shaped area, circular area, at intervals of not more than 5 m with a including a circular area, at intervals of minimum of ten lights.not more than 5 m with a minimum of ten lights.

5.3.7.3 FATO lights shall be fixed omnidirectional lights showing white. 5.3.7.1 FATO perimeter lights shall be fixed Where the intensity of the lights is to be omnidirectional lights showing green or white with varied the lights shall show variable variable intensity. Where the intensity of the lights is white. to be varied, the lights shall show variable white.

Green perimeter lights shall be permitted only when the FATO is a dynamic load-bearing surface.

Note.— Further guidance on colour selection of FATO perimeter lights is provided in the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).

5.3.7.4 The light distribution of FATO 5.3.7.4 Recommendation.— The light distribution lights shall be as shown in Figure 5-11, of FATO perimeter lights should be as shown in Illustration 4. Figure 5-12 Illustration 4.

5.3.8.3 Aiming point lights shall form a 5.3.8.3 Aiming point lights shall form a pattern of at pattern of at least six omnidirectional least six omnidirectional white lights as shown in white lights as shown in Figure 5-6. The Figure 5-7. The lights shall be arranged equidistantly lights shall be inset when a light with a light at the apex and at both corners. The lights extending above the surface could shall be inset when a light extending above the endanger helicopter operations. surface could endanger helicopter operations.

5.3.9.1 A TLOF lighting system shall be 5.3.9.1 A TLOF lighting system shall be provided at a

provided at a heliport intended for use at heliport intended for use at night. night. Note.— Where a TLOF is located in a stand, the Note.— Where a TLOF is located in a objective may be met with the use of ambient lighting stand, the objective may be met with the or stand floodlighting. (see 5.3.10) use of ambient lighting or stand floodlighting.

5.3.9.2 For a surface-level heliport, 5.3.9.2 For a surface-level heliport, lighting for the lighting for the TLOF in a FATO shall TLOF in a FATO shall consist of one or more either of

consist of one or more of the following: the following: a) Perimeter lights; b) Floodlighting; a) perimeter lights; or c) Arrays of segmented point source b) floodlighting; lighting (ASPSL) or luminescent panel cb) arrays of segmented point source lighting (ASPSL) or

(LP) lighting to identify the TLOF when a) luminescent panel (LP) lighting to identify the TLOF and b) are not practicable and FATO perimeter when a) is and b) are not practicable and lights are available. FATO perimeter lights are available.

5.3.9.3 For an elevated heliport, 5.3.9.3 For an elevated heliport, shipboard heliport or shipboard heliport or helideck, lighting of helideck, lighting of the TLOF in a FATO shall consist of:

the TLOF in a FATO shall consist of: a) Perimeter lights; and a) Perimeter lights; and b) ASPSL and/or LPs to identify the TDPCM and/or floodlighting to illuminate the TLOF.b) ASPSL and/or LPs to identify the TDPM and/or floodlighting to illuminate Note.— At elevated heliports, shipboard heliports the TLOF. and helidecks, surface texture cues within the TLOF are essential for helicopter positioning during the final Note.— At elevated heliports, shipboard approach and landing. Such cues can be provided heliports and helidecks, surface texture using various forms of lighting (ASPSL, LP, cues within the TLOF are essential for floodlights or a combination of these lights, etc.) in helicopter positioning during the final addition to perimeter lights. Best results have been approach and landing. Such cues can be demonstrated by the combination of perimeter lights

provided using various forms of lighting and ASPSL in the form of encapsulated strips of light (ASPSL, LP, floodlights or a combination emitting diodes (LEDs) and inset lights to identify the of these lights, etc.) in addition to TDPM and heliport identification markings. Guidance perimeter lights. Best results have been on suitable systems is contained in the Heliport demonstrated by the combination of Manual (Doc 9261).

perimeter lights and ASPSL in the form of encapsulated strips of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and inset lights to identify the TDPM and heliport identification markings.

5.3.9.4 TLOF ASPSL and/or LPs to 5.3.9.4 Recommendation.— When enhanced identify the TDPM and/ or floodlighting surface texture cues are required at a TLOF ASPSL shall be provided at a surface-level and/or LPs to identify the TDPCM and/or floodlighting heliport intended for use at night when should be provided at a surface-level heliport intended enhanced surface texture cues are for use at night when enhanced surface texture cues are required. required.

5.3.9.5 TLOF perimeter lights shall be placed along the edge of the area 5.3.9.5 TLOF perimeter lights shall be placed along the designated for use as the TLOF or within edge of the area designated for use as the TLOF or a distance of 1.5 m from the edge. Where within a distance of 1.5 m from the outer edge. TLOF

the TLOF is a circle the lights shall be: perimeter lights shall be uniformly spaced at intervals of a) located on straight lines in a pattern not more than 3 m for elevated heliports, helidecks and which will provide information to pilots on shipboard heliports and not more than 5 m for surface- drift displacement; and level heliports.Where the TLOF is a circle the lights shall b) where a) is not practicable, evenly be:

spaced around the perimeter of the TLOF at the appropriate interval, except that a) located on straight lines in a pattern which will provide information to pilots on drift over a sector of 45 degrees the lights displacement; and shall be spaced at half spacing.

b) where a) is not practicable, evenly spaced around the perimeter of the TLOF at the appropriate interval, except that, over a sector of 45 degrees the lights shall be spaced at half spacing.

5.3.9.6 TLOF perimeter lights shall be 5.3.9.6 TLOF perimeter lights shall be uniformly spaced uniformly spaced at intervals of not more at intervals of not more than 3 m for elevated heliports than 3 m for elevated heliports and and helidecks and not more than 5 m for surface-levelhelidecks and not more than 5 m for heliports. There shall be a minimum number of four lights surface-level heliports. There shall be a on each side including a light at each corner. For a minimum number of four lights on each circular TLOF, where lights are installed in accordance side including a light at each corner. For a with 5.3.9.5 b) there shall be a minimum of fourteen

circular TLOF, where lights are installed lights. in accordance with 5.3.9.5 b) there shall be a minimum of fourteen lights. Note.— Where the TLOF is circular, drift of the Note.— Guidance on this issue is helicopter may be difficult to discern by the pilot.

Guidance on lighting patterns to counter drift contained in the Heliport Manual (Doc displacement over the TLOF this issue is contained in

9261). the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).

5.3.9.7 to 5.3.7.9 Numbering Change

5.3.9.10 On surface-level heliports the 5.3.9.10 On surface-level heliports the minimum number minimum number of LPs on a TLOF shall of LPs on a TLOF shall be nine. The total length of LPs be nine. The total length of LPs in a in a pattern shall not be less than 50 per cent of the pattern shall not be less than 50 per cent length of the pattern. There shall be an odd number with of the length of the pattern. There shall be a minimum number of three panels on each side of the an odd number with a minimum number TLOF including a panel at each corner. LPs shall be of three panels on each side of the TLOF uniformly spaced with a distance between adjacent panel including a panel at each corner. LPs ends of not more than 5 m on each side of the TLOF.

shall be uniformly spaced with a distance 5.3.9.11 When LPs are used on an elevated heliport or between adjacent panel ends of not more helideck to enhance surface texture cues, the panels than 5 m on each side of the TLOF. shall not be placed adjacent to the perimeter lights. They

5.3.9.11 When LPs are used on an should be placed around a touchdown marking or elevated heliport or helideck to enhance coincident with heliport identification marking surface texture cues, the panels shall not be placed adjacent to the perimeter lights.

They should be placed around a touchdown marking or coincident with heliport identification marking

5.3.9.12 TLOF floodlights shall be located 5.3.9.129 TLOF floodlights where provided shall be so as to avoid glare to pilots in flight or to arranged located so as to avoid glare to pilots in flight personnel working on the area. The and or to personnel working on the area. The arrangement and aiming of floodlights arrangement and aiming of floodlights shall be such that shall be such that shadows are kept to a shadows are kept to a minimum.

minimum. Note.— ASPSL and LPs used to designate the TDPM Note.— ASPSL and LPs used to and/or heliport identification marking have been shown to designate the TDPM and/or heliport provide enhanced surface texture cues when compared identification marking have been shown to low-level floodlights. Due to the risk of misalignment, if to provide enhanced surface texture cues floodlights are used, there will be a need for them to be when compared to low-level floodlights. checked periodically to ensure they remain within the Due to the risk of misalignment, if specifications contained within 5.3.9.Detailed floodlights are used, there will be a need specifications on the number of lights to be provided, for them to be checked periodically to based on the shape and size of the TLOF are contained ensure they remain within the in the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261).

specifications contained within 5.3.9.5.3.9.13 to 5.3.9.20, 5.3.9.22 Numbering change

5.3.9.21 The LPs shall not extend above 5.3.9.2118 The ASPSL and LPs shall not extend above the surface by more than 2.5 cm. the surface by more than 2.5 cm.

Note.— Guidance on panel profiles and loading limitations is contained in the Heliport Manual (Doc

9261).

5.3.9.23 The light distribution of the LPs shall be as shown in Figure 5-11, 5.3.9.23.Recommendation Note.— The light distribution Illustration 6. of the ASPSL and/or LPs used to illuminate the TDPC and heliport identification marking, or cross (chevron) markings at a hospital, are detailed in the Heliport Manual (Doc 9261). should be as shown in Figure 5-12, Illustration 6.

5.3.9.25 The average horizontal 5.3.9.25 Recommendation The average horizontal illuminance of the floodlighting shall be at illuminance of the floodlighting shall be at least 10 lux, least 10 lux, with a uniformity ratio with a uniformity ratio (average to minimum) of not more (average to minimum) of not more than than 8:1 measured on the surface of the TLOF.

8:1 measured on the surface of the 5.3.9.26 Recommendation Lighting used to identify the TLOF. TDPC shall comprise a segmented circle of

5.3.9.26 Lighting used to identify the omnidirectional ASPSL strips showing yellow. The TDPC shall comprise a segmented circle segments should consist of ASPSL strips, and the total of omnidirectional ASPSL strips showing length of the ASPSL strips should not be less than 50 yellow. The segments should consist of per cent of the circumference of the circle.

ASPSL strips, and the total length of the ASPSL strips should not be less than 50 per cent of the circumference of the circle.

5.3.9.27 If utilized, the heliport 5.3.9.2721 If utilized, the heliport identification marking identification marking lighting shall be lighting , or cross marking lighting at a hospital shall be omnidirectional showing green. omnidirectional showing green.

5.3.14 Flood lighting of obstacles 5.3.14 Flood lighting of obstacles Note.— The objective of obstacle floodlighting is to highlight the shape and location of obstacles in the vicinity of the heliport, to assist a pilot flying at night to avoid all obstacles by a safe margin.