## Report on the Environment Protection Amendment Rules, 2022 (Brick Kilns)
**1. Executive Summary:**
This report analyzes the Environment Protection Amendment Rules, 2022, specifically focusing on amendments related to brick kilns, as published in the Gazette of India on February 22, 2022. The core purpose of this amendment is to revise emission standards and operational guidelines for brick kilns to mitigate particulate matter pollution. Key findings include stricter emission limits, mandatory technology upgrades, fuel restrictions, and siting criteria. The amendment directly impacts brick kiln owners and operators, aiming to promote cleaner brick production methods and reduce environmental impact.
**2. Introduction:**
This report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the Environment Protection Amendment Rules, 2022, as it pertains to brick kilns, based solely on the provided official government text. The analysis focuses on the changes introduced to the Environment Protection Rules, 1986, regarding emission standards, technology adoption, and operational guidelines for brick kilns.
**3. Policy Overview:**
* **Amendment to:** The Environment Protection Rules, 1986.
* **Core Objective(s):** Based on the text, the core objectives of this amendment are to:
* Reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from brick kilns.
* Promote the adoption of cleaner technologies in brick manufacturing.
* Regulate fuel usage in brick kilns to minimize environmental impact.
* Control the location and operation of brick kilns to minimize proximity to residential areas and sensitive ecosystems.
**4. Background and Rationale:**
The amendment appears to address the issue of air pollution, specifically particulate matter, generated by brick kilns. The regulations within the text aim to reduce pollution by requiring the use of better technologies, cleaner fuel, and more stringent stack emission guidelines. The existing regulations were seemingly insufficient to address the environmental concerns associated with brick kiln operations, necessitating the introduction of more stringent measures.
**5. Key Provisions / Changes:**
This amendment specifically modifies entry at Sl. No. 74 in SCHEDULE-I of the Environment Protection Rules, 1986. The key changes introduced by this amendment are as follows:
* **Changed Part of Original Policy:** Entry at Sl. No. 74 of SCHEDULE-I of the Environment Protection Rules, 1986, concerning Brick Kilns.
* **New Rule/Provision:** The amendment substitutes the existing entry with new regulations specifying:
* Particulate matter emission limit of 250 mg/Nm3.
* Minimum stack height requirements based on kiln type (Vertical Shaft Brick Kilns and Other than Vertical Shaft Brick Kilns) and capacity (less than or equal to, or more than 30,000 bricks per day).
* Mandatory adoption of zigzag technology, vertical shaft technology, or use of Piped Natural Gas (PNG) as fuel for all new brick kilns.
* Conversion timelines for existing brick kilns to adopt zigzag technology, vertical shaft technology, or use PNG as fuel: one year for kilns within a 10 km radius of non-attainment cities, and two years for kilns in other areas, or the timelines defined by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)/State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)/Pollution Control Committees, whichever is sooner.
* Restriction on fuel usage, allowing only approved fuels like PNG, coal, firewood, and/or agricultural residues, while prohibiting the use of pet coke, tires, plastic, and hazardous waste.
* Requirement for constructing permanent facility port holes and platforms for emission monitoring as per CPCB norms.
* Instructions on how to normalize Particulate Matter (PM) results using CO levels.
* Guidelines on calculating stack height based on SO2 emission rate.
* Minimum distance requirements from habitation (0.8 km) and other brick kilns (1 km).
* Guidelines for process emission and fugitive dust emission control.
* Requirement for in-house utilization of ash generated in brick making.
* Mandatory approvals from concerned authorities for soil extraction.
* Requirement for paved roads for transportation of raw materials and bricks.
* Requirement for covering vehicles during transportation of raw materials and bricks.
* **Difference/Effect of Change:** The amendment introduces stricter emission limits and mandates technology upgrades and operational changes that will likely require significant investments and adjustments by brick kiln owners. The overall effect is aimed at significantly reducing air pollution from brick kilns and promoting more sustainable practices.
**6. Target Audience and Stakeholders:**
Based on the provided text, the primary target audience and stakeholders are:
* Brick kiln owners and operators.
* Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
* State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs).
* Pollution Control Committees.
* Mining departments of concerned States or Union Territories.
* Communities living near brick kilns.
**7. Implementation Aspects (Inferred):**
* **Responsible Agency/Bodies:** The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs), and Pollution Control Committees are responsible for monitoring and enforcing the implementation of these amended rules.
* **Timelines:** Existing brick kilns have a timeline of one year (for kilns near non-attainment cities) or two years (for kilns in other areas), or the timeline prescribed by the CPCB/SPCBs/PCCs, to comply with the technology upgrade requirements.
* **Specific Changes Implementation:** Implementation will involve: assessing existing kilns; planning and executing technology conversions; obtaining necessary approvals; modifying fuel usage; implementing dust control measures; constructing monitoring facilities; and ensuring compliance with siting criteria.
**8. Expected Outcomes / Impact of Changes:**
The likely intended outcomes of these specific changes introduced by the amendment are:
* Reduced particulate matter (PM) emissions from brick kilns.
* Improved air quality in the vicinity of brick kiln operations.
* Increased adoption of cleaner brick manufacturing technologies.
* Reduced reliance on polluting fuels like pet coke and tires.
* Improved environmental management practices within the brick kiln industry.
* Reduced health risks for communities living near brick kilns.
* More sustainable extraction of soil for brick making.
**9. Conclusion:**
The Environment Protection Amendment Rules, 2022, represent a significant step towards regulating and improving environmental performance in the brick kiln industry. The mandatory technology upgrades, fuel restrictions, and stricter emission limits are likely to drive substantial changes in brick kiln operations. While compliance may require significant investments from brick kiln owners, the long-term benefits of reduced air pollution and improved public health justify the policy intervention. The success of this amendment hinges on effective monitoring and enforcement by the responsible agencies.
Key Entities Referenced
Environment Protection Act, 1986: A key environmental law enacted in 1986, providing the framework for environmental protection in India. Sections 6 and 25 are referenced as providing the powers for the current notification.
Environment Protection Rules, 1986: The rules framed under the Environment Protection Act, 1986, which are being amended by this notification.
Environment Protection Amendment Rules, 2022: The short title given to the rules being introduced through this notification.
Central Government: The governing authority issuing the notification and responsible for amending the Environment Protection Rules, 1986.
Official Gazette: The official government publication in which the amendment rules will be published to come into effect.
Central Pollution Control Board: An organization that defines the non-attainment cities and lays down norms/design for monitoring emissions.
State Pollution Control Boards: State level agencies responsible for environmental regulation and pollution control.
Pollution Control Committees: Committees responsible for pollution control, possibly at a regional or local level.
Piped Natural Gas: A cleaner fuel encouraged for use in brick making to reduce pollution.
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change: The ministry responsible for the notification.
New Delhi: The location where the notification was issued.
Vertical Shaft Brick Kilns: A type of brick kiln technology which is permissible.
zigzag technology: A type of brick kiln technology which is permissible.
Mining department of the concerned State or Union Territory: Department to seek necessary approvals for extracting the soil to be used for brick making in the brick kiln
Dte. of Printing at Government of India Press, Ring Road, Mayapuri, New Delhi110064: Authority responsible for uploading the notification.
रजिस्ट्री स.ं डी.एल.- 33004/99 REGD. No. D. L.-33004/99
xxxGIDHxxx
सी.जी.-डी.एलxx.x-GअID.-E2x2xx0 22022-233662
CG-DL-E-22022022-233662
असाधारण
EXTRAORDINARY
भाग II—खण्ड 3—उप-खण्ड (i)
PART II—Section 3—Sub-section (i)
प्राजधकार स ेप्रकाजित
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY
स.ं 140] नई ददल्ली, मगं लवार, फरवरी 22, 2022/फाल्ग नु 3, 1943
No. 140] NEW DELHI, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2022/PHALGUNA 3, 1943
पयावा रण, वन और िलवाय ुपररवतना मत्रं ालय
अजधसचू ना
नई ददल्ली, 22 फरवरी, 2022
सा.का.जन. 143(अ).—केन्द रीय सरकार, पयाावरण (संरक्षण) अजधजनयम, 1986 (1986 का 29) की धारा 6 और
धारा 25 द्वारा प्रदत्त िजियों का प्रयोग करते हुए, पयाावरण (संरक्षण) अजधजनयम, 1986 का और संिोधन करते हुए
जनम्नजलजखत जनयम बनाती ह:ै, अथाात:्-
1. संजक्षप् त नाम और प्रारंभ :
(1) इन जनयमों का संजक्षप् त नाम पयाावरण (सरं क्षण) संिोधन जनयम, 2022 ह।ै
(2) वे रािपत्र में उनके अंजतम प्रकािन की तारीख से लाग ूहोंगे।
2. पयाावरण (संरक्षण) जनयम, 1986 म,ें अनुसूची-I म,ें क्रम स.ं 74 पर प्रजवजि के स्ट्थ ान पर जनम्नजलजखत प्रजवजि को
रखा िाएगा, अथाात्: -
74" ईंट भट्टे जचमनी से उत्सिान में जवजवक् त पदाथा 250 जमलीग्राम/एनएम3
जचमनी की न्दयूनतम ऊंचाई (भट्टों की वर्टटकल साफ्ट) 14 मीटर (लोडडग प्ल ेटफॉमा से
कम से कम 7.5 मीटर)
- भट्टा क्षमता 30,000 ईंट प्रजतददन से कम 16 मीटर (लोडडग प्ल ेटफॉमा से
कम से कम 8.5 मीटर)
- भट्टा क्षमता 30,000 ईंट प्रजत ददन के बराबर या अजधक
1259 GI/2022 (1)2 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—SEC. 3(i)]
जचमनी की न्दयूनतम ऊंचाई (भट्टों की वर्टटकल साफ्ट के अलावा)
- भट्टा क्षमता 30,000 ईंट प्रजतददन से कम 24 मीटर
- भट्टा क्षमता 30,000 ईंट प्रजत ददन के बराबर या अजधक 27 मीटर
रटप्पजणयां :
1. सभी नए ईंट भट्टों को केवल ज़िग-़िैग तकनीक या वर्टटकल िाफ्ट के साथ होने की या ईंट बनाने में ईंधन के रूप म ें
पाइप्ड प्राकृजतक गैस के उपयोग की अनुमजत दी िाएगी और इस अजधसूचना में जनधााररत मानकों का पालन करना
होगा।
2. जवद्यमान ईंट भट्टे िो ज़िग-़िैग तकनीक या वर्टटकल िाफ्ट या ईंट बनान े में ईंधन के रूप म ें पाइप् ड प्राकृजतक गैस
(पीएनिी) के उपयोग का पालन नहीं कर रह े ह,ैं उन्दह ें (क) गरै -प्राजि िहरों के 10 दकमी के दायरे में जस्ट्थत भट्टों के
मामले म ें एक वर् ा (िैसा दक केंरीय प्रदर्ू ण जनयंत्रण बोड ा द्वारा यथापररभाजर्त) (ख) अन्दय क्षत्रे ों के जलए दो वर्ा की
अवजध के भीतर ज़िग-़िैग तकनीक या वर्टटकल िाफ्ट म ें पररवर्ततत दकया िाएगा या पीएनिी का उपयोग ईंट
बनाने म ें ईंधन के रूप म ें दकया िाएगा। इसके अजतररक्त , ऐसे मामलों में िहा ं केन्द रीय प्रदर्ू ण जनयंत्रण बोड/ारा य
प्रदर्ू ण जनयंत्रण बोड/ाप्रदर्ू ण जनयंत्रण सजमजतयां न े रूपांतरण के जलए अलग स े समय-सीमाए ं जनधााररत की ह,ैं वहां
ऐसे आदेि प्रभावी होंगे।
3. सभी ईंट भट्ट े केवल अनमु ोददत ईंधन िसै े दक पाइप ड् प्राकृजतक गसै , कोयला, ईंधन लकडी और/या कृजर् अपजिष्ट ों
का उपयोग करेंगे। पेट कोक, टायरों/प्ल ाजस्ट्टक/तरतरनाक अपजिष्ट ों के उपयोग की अनुमजत ईंट भट्टों को नहीं दी
िाएगी।
4. उत् सिान की जनगरानी के जलए केन्द रीय प्रदर्ू ण जनयंत्रण बोड ा द्वारा जनधााररत मापदंडों/रूपरेखा के अनुसार ईंट-भट्टे
स्ट् थायी सुजवधा (पोटा होल और प् लेटफामा) का जनमााण करेंगे।
5. जवजवक्त सामजग्रयों (पीएम) के जनष्क र्ा 4% CO पर प्रसामान्दय दकए िाएंग े िो जन्न जलजखत ह:ैं
2
पीएम (सामान्द य) = (पीएम(माजपत) X 4%)/ (जचमनी में माजपत CO का %, माजपत CO के मामले में ≥ 4%
2 2
कोई प्रसामान्द यीकरण नहीं। जचमनी की ऊाचाई (मीटर म)ें भी H= 14 Q0.3 सूत्र (िहां Q kg/hr म ें SO उत् सिान
2
दर ह)ै द्वारा पररकजलत की िाएगी, और अजधकतम दो को काम में ले सकेंगे।
6. ईंट भट्टों को आवासों और फलों के बागों से 0.8 दक.मी. की न्द यूनतम दरू ी पर स्ट् थाजपत दकया िाना चाजहए। रा य
प्रदर्ू ण जनयंत्रण बोड/ाप्रदर्ू ण जनयंत्रण सजमजतयां आवास, िनसंख्य ा घनत्व , िल जनकायों, संवेदनिील ररसेप् टस ा
इत् यादद की जनकटता का यान रखते हुए स्ट्थ ाजपत मापदडं ों को सख् त बना सकत े ह।ैं
7. दकसी क्षेत्र में भट्टों की अजधक संख् या से बचने के जलए मूिूदा ईंट भट्टों से कम स े कम एक दकलोमीटर की दरू ी पर
ईंट भट्टों को स्ट्थ ाजपत दकया िाना चाजहए।
8. ईंट भट्टों को संबंजधत रा य प्रदर्ू ण जनयंत्रण बोडा/प्रदर्ू ण जनयत्रं ण सजमजतयां द्वारा जनधााररत उत् सिान प्रदक्रया/पलायक
धूल उत् सिान जनयंत्रण ददिा-जनदेिों का पालन करना होगा।
9. ईंट भट्टों से जनकलने वाली राख को ईंट बनाने म ेंउसी पररसर के अंदर ही इस्ट् तेमाल दकया िाएगा।
10. ईंट भट्टे में ईंट बनान े के जलए उपयोग की िाने वाली जमट्टी को जनकालने के जलए संबंजधत रा य /संघ रा य क्षेत्र के
खनन जवभाग सजहत संबंजधत प्राजधकरणों से सभी आवश् यक अनुमोदन प्राप् त दकए िाएंगे।
11. ईंट भट्टा माजलक यह सजु नजित करेंग े दक कच्च े माल/इोटों के पररवहन के जलए उपयोग की िान े वाली सडके पक्क ी
सडकें ह।ैं
12. कच् च े माल/ईंटों के पररवहन के दूरान वाहनों को ाका िाएगा।”
[फा. सं. क्य -ू 15017/35/2007-सीपीडब् ल् य]ू
नरेि पाल गगं वार, अपर सजचव[भाग II—खण् ड 3(i)] भारत का रािपत्र : असाधारण 3
रटप्प ण : मूल जनयम भारत के रािपत्र, असाधारण, भाग II, खण् ड 3, उप-खण् ड (i) म ें तारीख 19 नवंबर, 1986 के
का.आ. 844 (अ) द्वारा प्रकाजित दकए गए थे और 04 अक्त ूबर, 2021 की अजधसूचना सा.का.जन. 724 (अ)
द्वारा अंजतम बार संिोजधत दकए थे।
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, the 22nd February, 2022
G.S.R. 143(E).—In exercise of the powers conferred by sections 6 and 25 of the Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), the Central Government hereby makes the following rules further to
amend the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, namely:—
1. Short Title and commencement: -
(1) These rules may be called the Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2022.
(2) They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette.
2. In the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, in the SCHEDULE-I, for entry at Sl. No. 74, the
following entry shall be substituted, namely: -
"74 Brick Particulate matter in stack emission 250 mg/Nm3
Kilns
Minimum stack height (Vertical Shaft Brick Kilns)
- Kiln capacity less than 30,000 bricks per day 14 m (at least 7.5m
from loading platform)
- Kiln capacity equal or more than 30,000 bricks per day 16 m (at least 8.5m
from loading platform)
Minimum stack height (Other than Vertical Shaft Brick Kilns)
- Kiln capacity less than 30,000 bricks per day 24 m
- Kiln capacity equal or more than 30,000 bricks per day 27 m
Notes :
1. All new brick kilns shall be allowed only with zig-zag technology or vertical shaft or use of Piped
Natural Gas as fuel in brick making and shall comply to these standards as stipulated in this
notification.
2. The existing brick kilns which are not following zig-zag technology or vertical shaft or use Piped
Natural Gas as fuel in brick making shall be converted to zig-zag technology or vertical shaft or use
Piped Natural Gas as fuel in brick making within a period of (a) one year in case of kilns located
within ten kilometre radius of non-attainment cities as defined by Central Pollution Control Board
(b) two years for other areas. Further, in cases where Central Pollution Control Board/State
Pollution Control Boards/Pollution Control Committees has separately laid down timelines for
conversion, such orders shall prevail.
3. All brick kilns shall use only approved fuel such as Piped Natural Gas, coal, fire wood and/or
agricultural residues. Use of pet coke, tyres, plastic, hazardous waste shall not be allowed in brick
kilns.
4. Brick kilns shall construct permanent facility (port hole and platform) as per the norms or design
laid down by the Central Pollution Control Board for monitoring of emissions.
5. Particulate Matter (PM) results shall be normalized at 4% CO as below:
2
PM (normalized) = (PM (measured)x 4%)/ (% of CO measured in stack), no normalization in case
2
CO measured ≥ 4%. Stack height (in metre) shall also be calculated by formula H=14Q0.3 (where
2
Q is SO emission rate in kg/hr), and the maximum of two shall apply.
24 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—SEC. 3(i)]
6. Brick kilns should be established at a minimum distance of 0.8 kilometre from habitation and fruit
orchards. State Pollution Control Boards/Pollution Control Committees may make siting criteria
stringent considering proximity to habitation, population density, water bodies, sensitive receptors,
etc.
7. Brick kilns should be established at a minimum distance of one kilometre from an existing brick
kiln to avoid clustering of kilns in an area.
8. Brick kilns shall follow process emission/fugitive dust emission control guidelines as prescribed by
concerned State Pollution Control Boards/Pollution Control Committees.
9. The ash generated in the brick kilns shall be fully utilized in-house in brick making.
10. All necessary approvals from the concerned authorities including mining department of the
concerned State or Union Territory shall be obtained for extracting the soil to be used for brick
making in the brick kiln.
11. The brick kiln owners shall ensure that the road utilized for transporting raw materials or bricks are
paved roads.
12. Vehicles shall be covered during transportation of raw material/bricks”.
[F. No. Q-15017/35/2007-CPW]
NARESH PAL GANGAWAR, Addl. Secy.
Note : The principle rules were published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-
section (i) vide number S.O. 844(E), dated the 19th November, 1986 and lastly amended vide
number G.S.R. 724(E), dated the 04th October, 2021.
Uploaded by Dte. of Printing at Government of India Press, Ring Road, Mayapuri, New Delhi-110064
and Published by the Controller of Publications, Delhi-110054.