This parliamentary response from the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), dated August 20, 2025, addresses concerns regarding the increasing frequency of heatwaves and extreme rainfall events in Indian cities. The government acknowledges a recent report by IPE Global and Esri India, projecting a twofold rise in heatwave days and an increase in extreme rainfall events by 2030. The report anticipates a 43% increase in the intensity of extreme rainfall events across India due to climate change.
The India Meteorological Department (IMD), under MoES, continuously monitors these events using meteorological data from stations and cities, as well as gridded rainfall (25 km resolution) and temperature data (50 km resolution). Historical heatwave data for various subdivisions over the past 11 years (2015-2025) is provided in Annexure 1. The IMD, in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), provides risk assessments and impact-based forecasts for early warning systems.
MoES implements central sector schemes uniformly across the country, with funds not directly allocated to states. States can utilize resources from the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) and State Disaster Mitigation Fund (SDMF). Financial assistance requests from states are considered by the Central Government according to National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) and National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF) guidelines. States can use up to 10% of their annual SDRF allocation for immediate relief, subject to specific conditions, for disasters considered relevant within their local context, even if not centrally notified.
Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, MoS PMO, MoS Personnel, Public Grievances Pensions, Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Space, provided this information in a written reply in the Lok Sabha.
Key Entities Referenced
Ministry of Earth Sciences: The Indian government ministry responsible for matters related to earth sciences.
IPE Global: An organization that co-authored a report on the rise in heatwave days and extreme rainfall events in India.
Esri India: An organization that co-authored a report on the rise in heatwave days and extreme rainfall events in India.
India Meteorological Department IMD: The Indian government agency responsible for meteorological observations and weather forecasting.
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology IITM: An Indian research institute that collaborates with the India Meteorological Department to provide outlook for risk assessments and impact-based forecasts for early warning systems for climate hazards.
State Disaster Response Fund SDRF: A fund available to state disaster management authorities for disaster response.
National Disaster Response Fund NDRF: A central government fund that provides financial assistance to states affected by disasters.
State Disaster Mitigation Fund SDMF: A fund available to state disaster management authorities for disaster mitigation.
Ministry of Earth Sciences
PARLIAMENT QUESTION: CITIES FACING
DOUBLE HEATWAVE AND EXTREME RAINFALL
Posted On: 20 AUG 2025 4:40PM by PIB Delhi
The Government is aware of the recent report by IPE Global and Esri India, which finds that cities in India
will face a two-fold rise in heatwave days and an increase in extreme rainfall events by 2030. It reveals that by
2030, climate change is expected to drive a 43% rise in the intensity of extreme rainfall events across India,
making the country hotter and wetter.
India Meteorological Department (IMD) continuously monitors extreme weather events such as heatwaves
and heavy rainfall across various locations in India, including urban areas, using station and city-based
meteorological data. Also, gridded rainfall (25 km resolution) and temperature data (50 km resolution)
provided by the IMD are also utilised to track these extreme events. The year-wise number of heatwave days
over different sub-divisions in the last 11 years is given in Annexure-1.
Under the Ministry of Earth Science, the India Meteorological Department, in collaboration with the Indian
Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), provides outlook for risk assessments and impact-based forecasts for
early warning systems for climate hazards.
Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) implements the central sector schemes uniformly throughout the country;
hence, the allocation of funds is not State-wise. Funds are not directly released to the State Governments from
the MoES to implement the central sector schemes.
The State disaster management authorities have their resources available through the State Disaster Response
Fund (SDRF) and State Disaster Mitigation Fund (SDMF) to support it. If there is a request from the States for
financial assistance, the Central Government considers it in accordance with the relevant guidelines for the
National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) and National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF).
State Government can use up to 10% of the annual fund allocation of the SDRF, subject to the fulfillment of
certain prescribed conditions and norms, to provide immediate relief to the victims of natural disasters that they
consider to be 'disasters' within the local context in the State and which are not included in the centrally notified
list of natural disasters.
Annexure-1
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
A s s a m &
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Meghalaya
N M M T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Shwb& Sikkim 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 15 11 1
Gangetic West
3 14 0 3 4 0 3 8 27 31 4
Bengal
Odisha 14 20 12 4 2 0 3 11 24 37 7
Jharkhand 5 11 2 0 6 0 0 27 16 23 4
Bihar 4 6 0 3 12 0 0 13 29 30 4East U.P. 12 2 9 4 10 2 0 33 11 33 8
West U.P. 10 3 11 6 4 2 2 28 5 32 5
Uttarakhand 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 10 0
Har. Chd& Delhi 6 3 11 4 11 0 2 37 5 30 11
Punjab 2 2 7 0 0 0 0 22 3 27 7
Himachal Pradesh 0 3 4 4 0 0 2 38 0 18 10
Jammu & Kashmir
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 19 0 11 13
& Ladakh
West Rajasthan 24 28 28 29 28 5 6 58 3 29 33
East Rajasthan 10 11 14 5 25 0 4 28 0 23 21
West Madhya
19 18 19 8 19 4 2 42 4 24 7
Pradesh
Eas t Madhya
15 20 19 9 30 0 0 34 13 26 10
Pradesh
Gujarat Region 6 4 8 2 3 0 0 13 1 14 7
Saurashtra & Kutch 12 3 8 2 9 6 12 25 4 16 15
Konkan & Goa 1 0 0 2 0 0 4 2 6 4 1
M a d h y a
1 3 1 0 11 2 0 2 1 8 1
Maharashtra
Marathwada 1 2 0 0 10 3 0 0 0 3 3
Vidarbha 15 12 22 14 54 0 2 18 11 11 8
Chhattisgarh 9 2 1 3 7 2 0 3 12 13 1
Coastal A. P.&
8 6 6 2 11 0 0 0 22 11 0
Yanam
Telangana 8 6 3 0 14 2 0 0 14 12 1
Rayalaseema 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 16 0
Tamil., Pudu. &
0 0 7 0 4 0 2 0 1 13 0
Karaikal
Coastal Karnataka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 0
N. I. Karnataka 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0
S. I. Karnataka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0
Kerala & Mahe 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
This information was given by Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science
and Technology, Earth Sciences, MoS PMO, MoS Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions, Department of
Atomic Energy and Department of Space, in a written reply in the Lok Sabha today.
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NKR/PSM/AV
(Release ID: 2158410)