This document summarizes the Indian government's response to Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 2994 regarding the contribution of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies to carbon reduction and sustainable development. As of August 7, 2025, CCUS technologies are in the nascent and development stage in India.
Currently operational pilot or demonstration projects include:
* NTPC Ltd.: A 10 Metric Tonnes Per Day (TPD) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) to Methanol conversion plant at NTPC Vindhyachal, Madhya Pradesh, with an annual capacity of 6,000 Metric Tonnes (MT).
* Tuticorin Alkali Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited (TAFL), Tamil Nadu: A CCUS facility with a capacity to capture up to 60,000 MT of CO2 annually.
* JSW Steel: A Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) unit plant at Salav, Maharashtra, deploying CO2 capture to strip CO2 from process gas, with a capacity of up to 500 TPD.
Additionally, the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) are undertaking Research and Development (R&D) and pilot-scale projects to validate and deploy Carbon Capturing and Utilization (CCU) technologies in industrial settings through Industry-Academia collaborations.
The government anticipates CCUS technologies playing a transformative role in industrial decarbonization, aligning with India's goal of achieving Net Zero by 2070. The promotion of indigenous R&D in CCUS aims to reduce reliance on imported technologies and contribute to a circular carbon economy. Captured CO2 can be repurposed into value-added products, such as synthetic fuels, fertilizers, construction materials, and industrial gases, aligning with the objectives of Atmanirbhar Bharat. Deployment across sectors like cement, power, and chemicals is expected to encourage investment, foster innovation, and support job creation in high-skilled domains. Public-private partnerships and innovation-driven funding models are considered key to accelerating CCUS implementation.
The Minister of State in the Ministry of Power, Shri Shripad Naik, provided the answer to the question.
Key Entities Referenced
Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage CCUS: A technology or set of technologies aimed at capturing carbon dioxide emissions from various sources and either utilizing it or storing it permanently to prevent its release into the atmosphere.
NTPC Ltd.: A Government of India owned public sector undertaking, is an Indian multinational electric power generation company.
NTPC Vindhyachal, Madhya Pradesh: Location of a pilot Carbon Dioxide to Methanol conversion plant operated by NTPC Ltd. in Madhya Pradesh.
Tuticorin Alkali Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited TAFL, Tamil Nadu: A chemical and fertilizer company in Tamil Nadu that has set up a CCUS facility.
JSW Steel: An Indian steel manufacturing company that operates a Direct Reduced Iron DRI unit plant at Salav, Maharashtra, where CO2 capture is deployed.
Salav, Maharashtra: Location of a JSW Steel Direct Reduced Iron DRI unit plant where CO2 capture is deployed.
Department of Science and Technology DST: A department within the Government of India responsible for promoting science and technology.
Council of Scientific Industrial Research CSIR: A council within the Government of India responsible for science and technology.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF POWER
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2994
ANSWERED ON 07.08.2025
CONTRIBUTION OF CCUS IN CARBON REDUCTION
2994. DR. SHASHI THAROOR:
Will the Minister of POWER
be pleased to state:
(a) the number and distribution of currently operational Carbon Capture
Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) projects across key industries;
(b) whether these projects have contributed to carbon reduction and if so, the
details of the estimated target of carbon reduction achieved (in MT CO₂
equivalent) through these projects; and
(c) the projections for CCUS's contribution to sustainable development and
Atmanirbhar Bharat in terms of economic impact and job creation?
A N S W E R
THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF POWER
(SHRI SHRIPAD NAIK)
(a) & (b): Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) technologies are
presently in nascent and development stage in the country. Some industries have
taken initiatives for pilot or demonstration projects which are currently
operational and the details are given below:
(i) NTPC Ltd. has recently commissioned a pilot project of 10 Metric
Tonnes Per Day (TPD) Carbon Dioxide (CO )-to-Methanol conversion
2
plant at NTPC Vindhyachal, Madhya Pradesh, with annual capacity
of 6,000 Metric Tonnes (MT).
(ii) M/s Tuticorin Alkali Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited (TAFL), Tamil
Nadu has set up CCUS facility with a capacity to capture up to 60,000
MT of CO annually.
2
(iii) M/s JSW Steel operates a Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) unit plant
at Salav, Maharashtra where CO₂ capture is deployed in line to strip
out CO from the process gas, of capacity of upto 500 TPD.
2
………2- 2 -
In addition, Department of Science and Technology (DST) and Council of
Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) have also taken up various projects,
either on Research and Development (R&D) scale or pilot scale, for validating
and deploying Carbon Capturing and Utilisation (CCU) technologies at small
scale in real industrial setting through Industry-Academia collaborations.
(c) : CCUS is expected to play a transformative role in enabling industrial
decarbonisation in the country, aligning with the nation’s overarching goal of
achieving ‘Net Zero’ by 2070. By promoting indigenous Research and
Development (R&D), CCUS reduces dependence on imported technologies. The
integration of CCUS technologies may contribute to the development of
a circular carbon economy, wherein captured carbon dioxide is repurposed into
value-added products such as synthetic fuels, fertilizers, construction materials,
and industrial gases. This approach not only promotes resource efficiency but
also aligns with the broader objectives of Atmanirbhar Bharat, by
encouraging indigenous innovation.
The deployment of CCUS technology across sectors, hard-to-abate sector,
such as cement, power, and chemicals etc. is expected to encourage
investment, foster innovation, and potentially support job creation in high-skilled
domains. Public-private partnerships and innovation-driven funding models are
the key to accelerate implementation of CCUS in the country.
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