This document summarizes data on Research and Development (R&D) spending and research infrastructure in India, as presented to the Rajya Sabha by Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State for Science and Technology.
R&D spending as a percentage of GDP was 0.66% in 2018-19, 0.66% in 2019-20, and 0.64% in 2020-21. State-wise R&D expenditure for these years is detailed in Annexure I. The government has implemented new fund flow mechanisms, including the Central Nodal Agency (CNA) and Hybrid Treasury Single Account (Hybrid TSA), to improve fund management. While these transitions initially caused fellowship disbursement challenges, the government addressed these through measures like advance fellowship releases and dedicated help desks. An advance three-month fellowship was released for January-March 2025 to host institutions. The disbursement process has now been streamlined.
Over the past three years (2022-2025), more than 2000 foreign collaborations have been supported across various departments, including the Department of Science & Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, and Department of Higher Education. Annexure II provides a state-wise and scheme-wise breakdown of institutions where research infrastructure has been upgraded since 2022. Schemes mentioned include FIST, SAIF, PURSE, SATHI, SUPREME, PGTP and RRSFP.
This information was released by PIB Delhi on July 31, 2025.
Key Entities Referenced
Ministry of Science Technology: The Indian government ministry responsible for science and technology policy and research.
Department of Science and Technology: A department within the Ministry of Science and Technology responsible for promoting science and technology in India.
Research Development Statistics 202223: A report published by the Department of Science and Technology providing data on research and development spending in India.
Central Nodal Agency CNA: A fund flow mechanism introduced by the Government of India to avoid parking of funds.
Hybrid Treasury Single Account Hybrid TSA: A fund flow mechanism introduced by the Government of India to avoid parking of funds.
Department of Biotechnology: An Indian government department that promotes biotechnology.
Council of Scientific Industrial Research: An autonomous Indian research and development organisation.
Andhra Pradesh: A state in India with Research and Development Expenditure.
Ministry of Science & Technology
PARLIAMENT QUESTION: Data on R&D Spending
and Research Infrastructure
Posted On: 31 JUL 2025 5:04PM by PIB Delhi
As per the latest Research & Development Statistics 2022-23 brought out by Department of Science and
Technology, the percentage of GDP spent on R&D during the last three years i.e. 2018-19, 2019-20 and 2020-
21 are 0.66%, 0.66% and 0.64% respectively. State-wise R&D expenditure is placed at Annexure-I.
To avoid parking of funds, the Government has introduced new fund flow mechanisms like Central Nodal
Agency (CNA), Hybrid Treasury Single Account (Hybrid TSA). These transitions during the last three years
led to some difficulties in disbursement of fellowships. However, the government has addressed these
challenges through prompt measures such as release of advance fellowships, setting up of helpline desks to
address the queries, training the stakeholders about the new system, etc. Further, the Department of Science
and Technology (DST) took a special initiative and released an advance three-month fellowship (for
January–March 2025) to the host institutions of ongoing research scholars. With the new mechanism now
fully operational, the disbursement process has been streamlined, and fellowships are being released on time.
During the last three years (2022-2023, 2023-24 and 2024-2025), more than 2000 foreign collaborations have
been supported under different programmes of Department of Science & Technology, Department of
Biotechnology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences and Department of
Higher Education.
The number of institutions where the research infrastructure has been upgraded since 2022, state-wise and
scheme-wise, are placed at Annexure-II.
Annexure-I
Expenditure on Research and Development by State Governments
(Rs. Crore)
Research and Development Expenditure
State
S. No. 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
1 Andhra Pradesh 502.4 469.29 501.59
2 Assam 299.37 390.59 355.45
3 Bihar 433.14 633.15 379.32
4 Chhattisgarh 177.24 200.73 227.02
5 Delhi 64.94 57.61 69.75
6 Gujarat 876.32 934.55 922.63
7 Haryana 136.81 153.43 133.61
8 Himachal Pradesh 130.29 133.34 116.45
9 Jammu & Kashmir 317.09 389.11 394.19
10 Jharkhand 117.05 84.48 89.76
11 Karnataka 447.41 479.78 394.4212 Kerala 459.1 511.52 492.26
13 Madhya Pradesh 278.77 270.61 262.57
14 Maharashtra 603.7 595.86 663.42
15 Manipur 29.9 10.91 13.58
16 Meghalaya 7.53 7.1 7.47
17 Odisha 192.89 233.47 269.24
18 Punjab 625.71 635.58 697.02
19 Rajasthan 234.87 238.63 242.81
20 Tamil Nadu 513.86 637.75 609.72
21 Telangana 361.37 396.94 385.03
22 Uttar Pradesh 973.99 830.27 1002.34
23 Uttarakhand 189.39 200.09 185.66
24 West Bengal 56.04 59.98 61.05
Total 8029.21 8554.79 8476.35
Source: Research and Development Statistics, 2022-23, NSTMIS, DST, GoI.
Note:
1. Research & Development Expenditure figures include R&D expenditure of State Agriculture
Universities and other state departments/organisations.
2. In addition to the above, R&D expenditure is also incurred by Industry, Higher Education and Central
Sector R&D institutions.
3. States/Union Territories with no R&D Expenditure are not shown.
Annexure-II
Number of research institutions where the research infrastructure has been supported since 2022,
State-wise & scheme-wise
State / UT FIST SAIF PURSE SATHI SUPREME PGTP RRSFP
Andhra Pradesh 4 -- 2 -- -- -- 1
Arunachal Pradesh 1 -- -- -- -- -- --
Assam 6 1 2 -- -- 1 1
Bihar 3 1 -- -- -- 1 --
Chhattisgarh 4 -- 1 -- -- -- --
Goa 1 -- 1 -- -- -- 1
Gujarat 8 -- 1 -- -- -- --
Haryana 3 -- 1 -- -- -- --
Himachal Pradesh 4 -- 1 -- -- 1 --Jharkhand 5 -- 1 -- -- -- --
Karnataka 6 2 -- -- -- -- 5
Kerala 13 1 1 -- -- 1 1
Madhya Pradesh 2 -- -- -- -- 1 1
Maharashtra 14 2 1 -- -- 2 3
Manipur 1 -- -- -- -- -- --
Meghalaya -- 1 -- -- -- -- --
Mizoram 1 -- -- -- -- --
Nagaland 1 -- -- -- -- -- --
Odisha 4 -- 1 -- -- -- 1
Punjab 9 -- 2 -- -- -- 1
Rajasthan 7 -- 1 1 -- -- --
Tamil Nadu 30 1 1 -- 2 2 1
Telangana 7 -- 1 1 -- -- 1
Tripura 1 -- -- -- -- -- --
Uttar Pradesh 9 1 -- 1 3 1 2
Uttarakhand 3 -- 1 -- -- 1 --
West Bengal 8 -- -- 1 -- 3
Chandigarh 3 1 -- -- -- -- --
Delhi 2 -- 1 1 -- 4 1
Jammu and Kashmir 5 -- 3 -- -- 2 2
Puducherry 2 -- -- -- -- -- --
Ladakh -- -- 1 -- -- -- --
Note:
1. FIST - Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure, DST
2. SAIF - Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facilities, DST
3. PURSE - Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence, DST
4. SATHI - Sophisticated Analytical & Technical Help Institutes, DST
5. SUPREME - Support for the Upgradation, Preventive Repair, and Maintenance of Equipment, DST
6. PGTP - PG Teaching Program, DBT
7. RRSFP - Research Resource Service Facility Platform, DBT
This information was given by Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science
and Technology, Earth Sciences, MoS PMO, MoS Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions, Department of
Atomic Energy and Department of Space, in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha today.
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NKR/PSM(Release ID: 2150809)