Executive Summary:
This document presents the Ministry of Education's response to questions regarding the infrastructure of government schools in India. It provides data from the Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE) on school infrastructure, dropout rates, and learning outcomes. The document outlines the roles of states and union territories in providing school infrastructure, supported by central government assistance through the Samagra Shiksha scheme.
Key Points / Main Content:
Data on School Infrastructure:
* Data on dilapidated school buildings for 2023-24 is available via UDISE.
* UDISE 2023-24 data indicates the following percentages of government schools with essential infrastructure: girls' toilets (97.1%), boys' toilets (94.8%), drinking water (98.4%), electricity (92.4%), boundary walls (64.9%), and internet (46.2%).
Dropout Rates:
* Dropout rates for girls and marginalized groups (SC/ST) are provided for 2022-23 and 2023-24, with rates varying by social category and education level (primary, upper primary, secondary).
Learning Outcomes:
* The PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan 2024 assessed baseline competency in students of Grades 3, 6, and 9, with reports available online.
Roles and Responsibilities:
* State and UT governments are responsible for providing school infrastructure according to the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009.
* The central government assists states and UTs through the Samagra Shiksha scheme, providing financial assistance for infrastructure improvements.
Financial Assistance:
* Annual plans are prepared by States and UTs based on their requirements and priority and reflected in their Annual Work Plan and Budget (AWPB).
* Under Samagra Shiksha, the central government has sanctioned upgradation for 7297 dilapidated school buildings with a sanctioned cost of 185755.070 lakhs.
Impact Analysis:
State and UT Governments:
* Impact: Responsible for providing and maintaining school infrastructure as per RTE Act, 2009, and State RTE Rules.
* Action Required: Prepare annual plans under Samagra Shiksha based on needs and priorities, reflected in their Annual Work Plan and Budget (AWPB).
Ministry of Education:
* Impact: Responsible for monitoring school infrastructure and learning outcomes through UDISE and PARAKH.
* Action Required: Continue to provide financial assistance through the Samagra Shiksha scheme and oversee the implementation of infrastructure improvements.
Students (especially girls and marginalized groups):
* Impact: Access to improved infrastructure (toilets, drinking water, electricity, internet) and better learning environments, potentially leading to improved attendance and reduced dropout rates.
* Action Required: Utilize the improved facilities to enhance their learning experience and educational outcomes.
Schools:
* Impact: Receiving funds for essential infrastructure upgrades
* Action Required: Execute the upgradation of infrastructure effectively using the funds allocated.
Key Entities Referenced
Ministry of Education: The central government ministry responsible for education in India.
Unified District Information System for Education Plus UDISE: A system developed by the Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education to record data on indicators of school education provided by all States and Union Territories.
National Education Policy 2020: A comprehensive framework for education reform in India.
Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education RTE Act, 2009: An Act of the Parliament of India enacted to provide free and compulsory education to all children in the age group of six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right in India under Article 21A of the Constitution.
Samagra Shiksha: A centrally sponsored scheme of the Indian government to provide holistic and integrated education from pre-school to senior secondary level.
Project Approval Board PAB: The board responsible for appraising and approving/estimating the annual plans under Samagra Shiksha in consultation with the States and Union Territories.
Scheduled Castes SC: A group of historically disadvantaged social groups in India recognized by the Constitution.
Scheduled Tribes ST: A group of historically disadvantaged indigenous people in India recognized by the Constitution.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO-4107
ANSWERED ON 18.08.2025
Essential Infrastructure in Government Schools
4107. Dr. Kalyan Vaijinathrao Kale:
Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:
(a) whether the Government has any data about the dilapidated condition of primary and secondary
education buildings in the country;
(b) if so, the details thereof, State and district-wise;
(c) the number and percentage of Government schools that continue to lack of essential infrastructure
such as functional toilets (especially for girls), drinking water, electricity, boundary walls and internet
access in the country;
(d) whether the Government acknowledges that these gaps directly contribute to poor attendance, higher
drop-out rates and compromised learning outcomes, particularly for girls and marginalised students and
if so, the details thereof; and
(e) whether any timeline has been fixed for achieving hundred percent access to electricity, functional
toilets and drinking water in Government schools and if so, the details thereof, year-wise?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
(SHRI JAYANT CHAUDHARY)
(a) to (e): The Department of School Education and Literacy (DoSEL), Ministry of Education has
developed the Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) system to record data
on indicators of school education provided by all the States and Union Territories. As per UDISE+,
State/UT-wise number of schools having dilapidated buildings for the year 2023-24 are available at
https://www.education.gov.in/en/parl_ques.
As per UDISE+ 2023-24, percentage of Government schools with girl’s toilets, boy’s toilet, drinking
water, electricity, boundary walls and internet for the year 2023-24 are given below:
Percentage of Government schools having
Year Girl’s Toilets Boy’s Toilets Drinking Electricity Boundary Internet
water connection Walls facility
India 97.1 94.8 98.4 92.4 64.9 46.2
As per UDISE+, dropout rate in respect of girls and marginalised groups, such as Scheduled Castes (SC)
and Scheduled Tribes (ST) for the year 2022-23 and 2023-24 are given below:
Social 2022-23 2023-24
category Primary Upper Primary Secondary Primary Upper Primary Secondary
Girls Total Girls Total Girls Total Girls Total Girls Total Girls Total
Overall 7.8 7.8 8.3 8.1 15.4 16.4 1.7 1.9 5.3 5.2 12.6 14.1
Scheduled Castes 10.1 10.4 11.1 11.1 17.9 19.3 2.7 2.9 6.6 6.6 13.5 15.4
Scheduled Tribes 7 7.1 10 10.1 22 23.4 2.3 2.6 6.4 6.9 17.7 19.6
The PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan 2024, conducted in December 2024 by the National Assessment
Centre, PARAKH (NCERT), under the Ministry of Education, assessed baseline competency
development in students of Grades 3, 6, and 9 as per the National Education Policy 2020. Over 21.15
lakh students and 2.70 lakh teachers from more than 74,000 schools across 781 districts participated.
National, State, and District-level report cards are available at https://dashboard.parakh.ncert.gov.in/en.Education is a subject in the Concurrent list of the Constitution and most of the schools come under
jurisdiction of concerned States and UTs. State and UT Governments are the appropriate Governments
under the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009, and have the
responsibility and mandate to provide infrastructure in schools in accordance with the norms laid down
in the Schedule to the RTE Act, 2009 and as per respective State RTE Rules.
Further, Central Government assists States and UTs through the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of
Samagra Shiksha. Financial assistance is provided to all States and UTs for various components for
implementation of the interventions under Samagra Shiksha as per norms which includes interventions
like major/minor repairs, functional toilets (boys/girls), electricity connections, functional drinking
water facility and boundary walls. Accordingly, the annual plans under Samagra Shiksha are prepared
by the States and UTs based on their requirements and priority and this is reflected in their respective
Annual Work Plan and Budget (AWP&B). These plans are then appraised and approved/estimated by
Project Approval Board (PAB) in consultation with the States and UTs as per the programmatic and
financial norms of the scheme. As per PRABANDH portal financial budget sanctioned in Project
Approval Board (PAB) on various activities is available at https://www.education.gov.in/en/parl_ques.
Further, Under Samagra Shiksha, the central government has sanctioned upgradation for 7297
dilapidated school buildings with a sanctioned cost of 185755.070 lakhs.
*****