Read or download the official PDF of this gazette notification issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology on 30th July 2026. Classified under Press Release.
Executive Summary
This report details India’s sector-wise Research and Development (R&D) expenditure from 2019 to 2024, highlighting a rise in Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) to ₹244,767.81 crore. It outlines strategic government interventions, including the ₹1.0 lakh crore RDI Fund and the establishment of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation, to bolster scientific research and private sector participation. The document also notes India's improved Global Innovation Index ranking, which reached 38th in 2025.
Key Points / Main Content
Expenditure Trends (2019-2024)
Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) increased from ₹132,567.01 crore in 2019-20 to ₹244,767.81 crore in 2023-24.
GERD as a percentage of GDP rose from 0.66% to 0.84% over the five-year period.
The private sector’s contribution grew significantly, reaching ₹126,906.60 crore in 2023-24, surpassing the government sector's expenditure of ₹117,861.21 crore.
Major Financial Initiatives
RDI Fund: Launch of a ₹1.0 lakh crore Research, Development and Innovation Fund to support private sector-led, high-risk, and strategic research.
ANRF: Establishment of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation with a ₹14,000 crore provision from the Central Government.
National Missions: Specific budgetary outlays for the India Semiconductor Mission (₹76,000 crore), National Quantum Mission (₹6,003.65 crore), and National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (₹3,660 crore).
Policy and Programmatic Frameworks
Innovation Programs: Implementation of programs like NIDHI, BIRAC, iDEX, and TIDE 2.0 to support indigenous technology development and reduce import dependence.
Enabling Policies: Introduction of the Geospatial Policy 2022, Space Policy 2023, and BioE3 Policy 2024 to encourage private sector participation.
Collaborations: Promotion of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) and the creation of Technology Hubs to foster collaboration between academia, industry, and government.
Global Recognition
India’s Global Innovation Index (GII) ranking improved from 46th in 2021 to 38th in 2025.
The country is recognized for high innovation efficiency, performing better in innovation outputs than inputs.
Impact Analysis
Private Sector IndustriesImpact
Increased access to capital through the ₹1.0 lakh crore RDI fund and a more favorable regulatory environment via new policy frameworks.
Action Required
Increase investment in high-impact R&D and participate in strategic research through Public-Private Partnerships and Technology Hubs.
Scientific and Academic InstitutionsImpact
Beneficiaries of increased budgetary allocations and new funding bodies like the ANRF, facilitating better infrastructure for indigenous technology development.
Action Required
Engage in collaborative research with industry and leverage innovation programs like NIDHI and BIRAC to scale up prototypes and indigenous technologies.
Government Ministries and DepartmentsImpact
Responsible for managing substantial budget outlays for National Missions and ensuring the effective deployment of the ANRF.
Action Required
Focus on the implementation of National Missions (Quantum, Semiconductor, etc.) and monitor the progress of research-oriented programs to sustain global competitiveness.
Key Entities Referenced
Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF): A research foundation established with a ₹14,000 crore provision to catalyze research and development through government and non-governmental funding.
Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Fund: A ₹1.0 lakh crore fund launched to support private sector-led, high-risk, and strategic research initiatives.
India Semiconductor Mission: A strategic national mission with a budget outlay of ₹76,000 crore dedicated to developing the semiconductor and display ecosystem.
National Quantum Mission: A mission with a budget outlay of ₹6,003.65 crore aimed at fostering research and development in quantum technologies.
BioE3 Policy 2024: The Biotechnology for Economy, Environment and Employment policy designed to increase private sector participation in high-impact R&D.
Ministry of Science & Technology
PARLIAMENT QUESTION: EXPENDITURE ON
R&D
प्रव तथ: 30 JUL 2026 4:35PM by PIB Delhi
As per latest Research & Development Statistics, 2025-26, brought out by the Department of Science and
Technology (DST), the details of sector-wise expenditure on Research and Development (R&D) during
last five years is as under:
(Rs. Crore)
Year 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24
Government Sector 87,813.47 80,992.83 1,06,133.32 1,10,949.77 1,17,861.21
Private Sector 44,753.54 46,388.13 88,677.51 1,02,428.35 1,26,906.60
Gross Expenditure on R&D 132,567.01 127,380.96 194,810.83 213,378.12 244,767.81
(GERD)
GERD as a percentage of 0.66 0.64 0.83 0.82 0.84
GDP (%)
Note: 1. Govt. Sector include R&D expenditure by Central Government Ministries/Department
Institutions + State Government S&T institutions/ State Agricultural Universities + Public Sector/joint
sector Industries + Public Higher Education Institutions.
2. Private Sector include R&D expenditure by Private Sector Industries + Scientific and Industrial
Research Organizations (SIROs) + Private Higher Education Institutions.
The Government has taken several steps to increase investment in scientific research. These includes:
Progressive increase in budget allocations for scientific departments and research-oriented
programmes.
Launch of ₹1.0 lakh crore Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Fund to support private-
sector-led, high-risk and strategic research. This transformative initiative aims to catalyze private
sector participation and investment in high-impact R&D.
Establishment of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) with a budgetary
provision of Rs. 14,000 crore from Central Government and mobilizing additional funding from
non-governmental sources.
Launch of National Missions such as National Quantum Missions (budget outlay: Rs. 6,003.65
crore), National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (budget outlay Rs. 3,660crore), India Semiconductor Mission (budget outlay Rs. 76,000 crore), National Supercomputing
Mission, etc.
Promotion of Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) and creation of Technology Hubs under National
Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems and National Quantum Mission to foster
collaborative technology development.
Implementation of Technology-led innovation programmes such as: National Initiative for
Developing and Harnessing Innovations (NIDHI), Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance
Council (BIRAC) programmes, Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) and TIDE 2.0
(Technology Incubation and Development of Entrepreneurs) to strengthen India’s innovation-to-
manufacturing pipeline by supporting indigenous technology development, prototyping, scale-up,
and industry linkages, thereby reducing dependence on imported technologies.
Introduction of enabling policy frameworks such as: the Geospatial Policy 2022, Space Policy 2023,
and BioE3 (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment and Employment) Policy 2024 with the
provisions for increased participation from private sector.
These initiatives collectively aim to strengthen India’s R&D capabilities, enhance collaboration between
academia, industry, and government, and create the conditions for sustained increases in national R&D
expenditure over the time and to improve the country's global competitiveness in science and technology.
NITI Aayog has assessed India’s performance in the Global Innovation Index, released by WIPO. India's
Global Innovation Index (GII) ranking improved from 46th in 2021 to 38th in 2025. India consistently
performs better in innovation outputs than in innovation inputs, indicating high innovation efficiency. This
suggests that the country is effective at converting its available resources into tangible innovation
outcomes, such as knowledge creation, technological advancements, and creative outputs. India is top
performer in both Central and South Asia and lower middle-income group.
This information was given by Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science & Technology;
Earth Sciences and Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office, Personnel, Public Grievances and
Pensions, Atomic Energy and Space, Dr. Jitendra Singh, in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha today.
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