**Executive Summary**
The Ministry of Civil Aviation addressed concerns raised in Lok Sabha regarding GPS spoofing incidents affecting aircraft flying near Delhi's Indira Gandhi International (IGI) Airport. Flights have reported GPS spoofing while using GPS-based landing procedures. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) issued advisories and a Standard Operating Procedure (SoP) for reporting such events. The query was slated for answer on December 4, 2025.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **GPS Spoofing Incidents:**
* Some flights reported GPS spoofing in the vicinity of IGI Airport, New Delhi while approaching RWY 10.
* Contingency procedures were used for affected flights.
* **Regulatory and Advisory Actions:**
* DGCA issued Advisory Circular ANSS AC 01 of 2023, dated 24.11.2023, to address Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) interference.
* DGCA issued Standard Operating Procedure (SoP), dated 10th November 2025, for real-time reporting of GPS Spoofing/GNSS interference around IGI Airport.
* International Air Traffic Association (IATA) has also published advisories to airlines for guidance.
* **Nature of the Threat:**
* GPS spoofing is a global phenomenon observed more frequently in areas surrounding conflict zones.
* Cyber security threats to the aviation sector include ransomware/malware.
* ICAO identifies GNSS spoofing as a form of intentional Radio Frequency Interference (RFI).
* **Mitigation and Investigation:**
* ICAO GNSS Manual contains mitigation plans, preventive measures, frameworks for continuous threat monitoring, risk assessment, and deployment of mitigation barriers.
* Airports Authority of India (AAI) requested the Wireless Monitoring Organization (WMO) to identify the source of interference/spoofing.
* WMO was directed to mobilize resources to identify the spoofing source based on location details shared by DGCA and AAI.
**Impact Analysis**
**Stakeholder: Airlines Operating Near IGI Airport**
* **Impact:** Experience GPS spoofing affecting navigation data and potentially causing misleading terrain warnings.
* **Action Required:** Follow contingency procedures for GPS spoofed flights, adhere to DGCA advisories and the SoP for reporting GNSS interference events, and follow IATA published advisories.
**Stakeholder: Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)**
* **Impact:** Responsible for ensuring aviation safety and addressing GNSS interference in airspace.
* **Action Required:** Enforce the Advisory Circular ANSS AC 01 of 2023 and the Standard Operating Procedure (SoP) dated 10th November 2025 for real-time reporting of GPS Spoofing/GNSS interference events around IGI airport.
**Stakeholder: Airports Authority of India (AAI)**
* **Impact:** Responsible for airport operations and safety.
* **Action Required:** Coordinate with WMO to identify the source of spoofing and share relevant location details with WMO and DGCA.
**Stakeholder: Wireless Monitoring Organization (WMO)**
* **Impact:** Responsible for identifying the source of interference/spoofing.
* **Action Required:** Mobilize resources to identify the source of GPS spoofing based on location details shared by DGCA and AAI.
Key Entities Referenced
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA): Regulator that issued advisory circulars and Standard Operating Procedure (SoP) to address GPS/GNSS interference
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO): Organization that warned of the threat of GPS spoofing to aviation safety and identifies GNSS spoofing as a form of intentional Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)
Airports Authority of India (AAI): Requested the Wireless Monitoring Organization (WMO) to identify the source of interference/ spoofing
Delhi: Aircraft flying over Delhi have been experiencing severe GPS spoofing
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS): The type of system being interfered with, leading to the issuance of advisory circulars
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF CIVIL AVIATION
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. : 893
th
(To be answered on the 4 December 2025)
FALSE GPS SIGNALS
893. SHRI SELVAGANAPATHI T.M. SHRI
ASHOK KUMAR RAWAT
Will the Minister of CIVIL AVIATION be pleased to state:-
(a) whether it is a fact that aircraft flying over Delhi have been experiencing severe
GPS spoofing recently within a 60 nautical mile radius of Delhi causing false
navigation data such as incorrect aircraft positions and misleading terrain warnings
and if so, the details thereof;
(b) whether it is also a fact that spoofing is a type of cyber-attack that transmits
false GPS signals to mislead navigation systems and if so, the details thereof;
(c) whether it is also a fact that the International Air Transport Association(IATA)
and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) have warned that these
disruptions pose a significant and growing threat to aviation safety and if so, the
details thereof; and
(d) whether the Government has ordered any probe into the matter to ascertain the
actual cause of such incidents and if so, the details thereof?
ANSWER
Minister of State in the Ministry of CIVIL AVIATION
(Shri Murlidhar Mohol)
(a) & (b): Some flights reported Global Positioning System (GPS) spoofing in the
vicinity of Indira Gandhi International (IGI) Airport, New Delhi while using GPSbased landing procedures, while approaching on RWY 10. Contingency procedures
were used for GPS spoofed flights approaching to RWY 10.
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has issued Advisory Circular ANSS
AC 01 of 2023 dated 24.11.2023 for addressing Global Navigation Satellite System
(GNSS) interference in airspace. In addition, DGCA has also issued Standard
Operating Procedure (SoP) dated 10th November 2025 for real-time reporting of
GPS Spoofing/GNSS interference events around IGI airport.
GPS spoofing linked disruptions are a global phenomenon which were observed with
increased frequency in geographical areas surrounding conflict zones.
Cyber Security threats to the Aviation Sector are in the form of ransom
ware/malware. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) identifies GNSS
spoofing as a form of intentional Radio Frequency Interference (RFI).
(c): ICAO GNSS Manual contains the mitigation plan detailing preventive and
reactive measures, including frameworks for continuous threat monitoring, risk
assessment, and the deployment of mitigation barriers. International Air Traffic
Association (IATA) has also published advisories to airlines for guidance.
(d): Airports Authority of India (AAI) has requested Wireless Monitoring
Organization (WMO) to possibly identify the source of interference/ spoofing.
During the high-level meeting, WMO was directed to mobilise more resources to
identify the source of spoofing based on approximate spoofing location details
shared by DGCA and AAI.
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