**Executive Summary**
The document addresses a parliamentary question regarding the functioning of nuclear plants in India. It outlines the multi-tier safety mechanisms, including safety review committees within NPCIL and AERB, and the implementation of periodic safety reviews (PSR) every 10 years as per AERB requirements. The document also provides an annexure containing a list of nuclear reactors and their age as of November 2025.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **Safety Mechanisms:**
* Multi-tier safety mechanism comprising safety review committees within NPCIL and AERB.
* Framework for periodic safety reviews, audits, and inspection is in place.
* **Periodic Safety Reviews (PSR):**
* All NPPs undergo PSR every 10 years per AERB requirements.
* PSR assesses cumulative effects of ageing, plant modifications, and operating experience.
* Necessary upgrades are identified during PSR.
* License renewal for operating reactors after exhaustive PSR review and AERB approval.
* Upgrades are carried out based on PSR and operating experience feedback.
* **Nuclear Plant Status:**
* Eight nuclear reactors with a total capacity of 6600 MW are under construction.
* Ten reactors of 700 MW are under pre-project activities.
* **Annexure Data:**
* Provides a list of reactors, their location, capacity (MW), and age (years) as of November 2025.
**Impact Analysis**
**Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL)**
* **Impact:** Required to maintain safety review committees and adhere to the established multi-tier safety mechanism.
* **Action Required:** Conduct and participate in periodic safety reviews and implement necessary upgrades.
**Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB)**
* **Impact:** Involved in safety review committees and approval for license renewal.
* **Action Required:** Review and approve periodic safety reviews and license renewals.
**Nuclear Power Plants**
* **Impact:** Subject to periodic safety reviews every 10 years.
* **Action Required:** Undergo comprehensive PSRs and implement identified upgrades to maintain safety standards and renew operating licenses.
Key Entities Referenced
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB): The regulatory authority responsible for safety oversight of nuclear power plants in India, including approval of PSR and license renewals.
Periodic Safety Review (PSR): A comprehensive review required for all nuclear power plants to assess safety, cumulative effects of ageing, and operating experience.
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL): The operator of nuclear power plants in India, responsible for safety review committees and plant maintenance.
Maharashtra: Location of Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS) reactors.
Rajasthan: Location of Rajasthan Atomic Power Station (RAPS) reactors, at Rawatbhata.
Department of Atomic Energy
PARLIAMENT QUESTION: FUNCTIONING OF
NUCLEAR PLANTS
प्रव तथ: 04 DEC 2025 6:18PM by PIB Delhi
A multi-tier safety mechanism comprising safety review committees within Nuclear Power
Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) and safety review committees in the regulatory authority
(Atomic Energy Regulatory Board- AERB) is in place to monitor the safety of nuclear power
plants. In addition, a framework of periodic safety reviews, audits and inspection is in place, for
providing assurance of safety.
All NPPs are required to undergo a comprehensive Periodic Safety Review (PSR) as per AERB
requirements every 10 years. During PSR, the safety of the plant is assessed considering
cumulative effects of ageing, plant modifications, operating experience as well as comparison with
the current safety standards/ practices, and necessary upgrades are identified. License for operating
reactors is renewed for further operation after exhaustive review of PSR and approval by AERB.
Based on these reviews and operating experience feedback, necessary upgrades are carried out and
the nuclear power plants are maintained at state-of-the-art in terms of safety.
At present, there are eight nuclear reactors with a total capacity of 6600 MW (including 500 MW PFBR
by BHAVINI) at various stages of construction. In addition, ten reactors of 700 MW are under pre-
project activities.
*****
NKR/AK
Annexure
Reactor & Location Capacity Age (Years)
as on Nov
(MW)
2025
TAPS-1 Tarapur, Maharashtra 160 56.1
TAPS-2 Tarapur, Maharashtra 160 56.1
RAPS-1 Rawatbhata, Rajasthan 100 51.9RAPS-2 Rawatbhata, Rajasthan 200 44.6
MAPS-1 Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu 220 41.8
MAPS-2 Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu 220 39.7
NAPS-1 Narora, Uttar Pradesh 220 34.9
NAPS-2 Narora, Uttar Pradesh 220 33.4
KAPS-1 Kakrapar, Gujarat 220 32.5
KAPS-2 Kakrapar, Gujarat 220 30.2
KAIGA-2, Kaiga, Karnataka 220 25.7
RAPS-3 Rawatbhata, Rajasthan 220 25.5
KAIGA-1 Kaiga, Karnataka 220 25.0
RAPS-4 Rawatbhata, Rajasthan 220 24.9
TAPS-4 Tarapur, Maharashtra 540 20.2
TAPS-3 Tarapur, Maharashtra 540 19.3
Kaiga-3 Kaiga, Karnataka 220 18.5
RAPS-5 Rawatbhata, Rajasthan 220 15.8
RAPS-6 Rawatbhata, Rajasthan 220 15.6
Kaiga-4 Kaiga, Karnataka 220 14.8
KKNPP-1, Kudankulam, Tamilnadu 1000 10.9
KKNPP-2, Kudankulam, Tamilnadu 1000 8.6
KAPS-3, Kakrapar, Gujarat 700 2.4
KAPS-4, Kakrapar, Gujarat 700 1.6
RAPS-7 Rawatbhata, Rajasthan 700 0.6*****
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