Parliament Question: Impact assessment of Startup India Scheme

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY DEPARTMENT FOR PROMOTION OF INDUSTRY AND INTERNAL TRADE RAJYA SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1655.

TO BE ANSWERED ON FRIDAY, THE 13TH FEBRUARY, 2026.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF STARTUP INDIA SCHEME

1655. SHRI NARAIN DASS GUPTA:

Will the Minister of Commerce and Industry be pleased to state:

(a) the year-wise number of startups recognised, jobs created and investments mobilised under the scheme;

(b) the details of financial and non-financial incentives provided to startups, including tax exemptions, fund-of-funds support and ease-of-compliance measures;

(c) whether Government has conducted any independent evaluation or impact assessment of the scheme, particularly with respect to job creation, regional balance and survival rate of startups; and

(d) the steps being taken to address concerns relating to limited access to credit, regulatory bottlenecks and uneven sectoral and regional distribution of benefits under the scheme? ANSWER THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MIN ISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY (SHRI JITIN PRASADA)

(a) to (d): Startup India is an initiative by the Government of India. As on 31st December 2025, a total of 2,07,135 entities have been recognised as startups by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) across all States/Union Territories (UTs), and such startups have generated over 21.9 lakh direct jobs. The year-wise details of recognized startups and jobs generated by such startups are placed as Annexure-I.

Under the Startup India initiative, the Government is implementing three flagship Schemes, Fund of Funds for Startups (FFS), Startup India Seed Fund Scheme (SISFS), and Credit Guarantee Scheme for Startups (CGSS) to provide funding opportunities for startups across sectors at various stages of their business cycle.

FFS has been established to catalyze venture capital investments and is operationalized by Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), which provides capital to Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)-registered Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs), which in turn invest in startups through equity and equity-linked instruments. As on 31st December 2025, supported AIFs under the Scheme have invested Rs. 25,547.98 crore in 1,371 selected startups across 29 States/UTs. The year-wise details of the amount invested in startups by AIFs supported under the FFS are placed as Annexure-II. Such supported startups have generated over 2 lakh jobs.

SISFS provides financial assistance to seed stage startups through incubators in the form of grants, convertible debentures or debt or debt-linked instruments. SISFS is implemented from1st April 2021. As on 31st December 2025, selected incubators under the Scheme have approved funding of Rs. 590.93 crore to 3,271 startups across 32 States/UTs. Such supported startups have generated over 22,600 jobs.

CGSS is implemented for enabling debt funding to startups through eligible financial institutions by guaranteeing up to a specified limit against credit instruments. CGSS is operationalized by the National Credit Guarantee Trustee Company (NCGTC) Limited and has been operationalized from 1st April 2023. As on 31st December 2025, 334 loans amounting to around Rs 808.18 crore have been guaranteed to startup borrowers under CGSS across 20 States/UTs. Such supported startups have generated over 23,700 jobs.

Impact assessment studies have been undertaken for FFS and SISFS schemes. As per impact assessments of Schemes, supported startups have reported improvement in economic areas such as revenue and employment generation. Further, capacity building of investors has been enabled, and startups from a wide variety of sectors have been supported.

Steps taken by the Government to ease regulatory compliance and provide tax benefits

to startups:

For easing regulatory compliance across the country, Central Government has taken several initiatives under the flagship programme of Ease of Doing Business which includes Business Reform Action Plan (BRAP), the Business-Ready assessment, Jan Vishwas and Reducing Compliance Burden on Businesses and Citizens, and Cost of Regulation (CoR) exercise to identify and reform the areas of pain-points in terms of administrative costs for the services.

Central Ministries/Departments, and States/UTs are actively engaged in self-identification exercises, successfully reducing various compliances.

Further, the Government has undertaken several initiatives, policy measures, and reforms for startups and small businesses to avail various tax related benefits. These include profit linked deductions under Section 80-IAC of the Income Tax Act 1961, deferring Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) in respect of income pertaining to Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP), relaxation for carry forward and set-off of loss, and relaxations on Goods and Services Tax

(GST) for entrepreneurs located within eligible incubators, amongst others.

As per the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, general policy measures have been undertaken by the Government under GST. The details are placed as Annexure-III.

Additionally, as per the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, startups are provided with certain compliance relaxations/exemptions under the Companies Act 2013. The details are placed as Annexure-IV. *****ANNEXURE-I ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (a) to (d) OF THE RAJYA SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1655 FOR ANSWER ON 13.02.2026.

The year-wise details of recognized startups and jobs generated by such startups as on 31st December 2025 are as

follows:

Data 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 No. of entities 502 5473 8980 11885 14852 20282 26596 34842 34294 49429 recognized as startups No. of direct 308 52055 100968 163694 181602 211316 274920 392181 351921 467549 jobs generated (self-reported) *****ANNEXURE-II ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (a) to (d) OF THE RAJYA SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1655 FOR ANSWER ON 13.02.2026.

The year-wise details of amount invested in startups by AIFs supported under the Fund of Funds for Startups (FFS) Scheme, as on 31st December 2025 are as follows:

Calendar Year Amount invested in startups (in Rs. crore) 2016 0.000 2017 343.520 2018 676.842 2019 1623.555 2020 2066.888 2021 3491.006 2022 5973.741 2023 3366.478 2024 3734.869 2025 4271.080 Total 25,547.98 *****ANNEXURE-III ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (a) to (d) OF THE RAJYA SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1655 FOR ANSWER ON 13.02.2026.

As per the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, the following general policy measures have been

undertaken by the Government under GST: i. Simplified registration scheme w.e.f. 01.11.2025 has been introduced wherein automated registration is granted within three working days for low-risk applicants and those with output tax liability up to Rs. 2.5 lakh per month on supplies to registered persons. This has helped reduce time for getting registration.

ii. A scheme of quarterly return filing and monthly payment (QRMP) has been introduced wherein taxpayers with turnover up to Rs. 5 crore have an option to file returns on quarterly basis instead of monthly returns.

iii. The refund process is electronic since 26.09.2019. Based on the recommendations of GST Council in its 56th meeting, risk-based provisional refund has been introduced for zero-rated supplies with 90% provisional refund in low-risk cases w.e.f. 01.10.2025.

iv. Similarly to address the grievances of the taxpayers for blockage of working capital instructions have been issued vide Instruction no 06/2025-GST dated 01.10.2025 by the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs to its field formations and officers to provide provisional refund on account of inverted duty structure also.

v. Section 128A has been inserted in the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017, providing for waiver of interest and penalties on demand notices issued under Section 73 for fiscal years 2017- 18, 2018-19 and 2019-20, in cases where the taxpayer pays the full amount of tax demanded by

31.03.2025. This has helped to provide relief to taxpayers and encourage voluntary compliance and reduce litigation. vi. Amendment has been made in Sections 107 and 112 of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017, for reducing the amount of pre-deposit required for filing appeals under GST. The pre-deposit has been capped and reduced to Rs 40 crores (Rs 20 crores (CGST) and Rs 20 crores (SGST)) under the CGST Act, 2017. This would help improve access to appellate remedy for taxpayers.ANNEXURE-IV ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (a) to (d) OF THE RAJYA SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1655 FOR ANSWER ON 13.02.2026.

As per the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, startups are provided with following compliance relaxations/exemptions under the Companies Act 2013:

S. No. Section Subject Provisions in the Companies Act, 2013 to support Startups

1. Section 2(40) Financial Statement Requirement of cash flow statement to be part of financial statement is optional for startups.

2. Section 73(2) Acceptance of Startups were exempted from procedural clause (a) to (e) deposits compliance at the time of accepting deposits from its members (such as issuance of a circular to its members showing the financial position of company, credit rating, depositing 20% of the maturing deposits, and certification regarding default in repayments).

3. Section 92(1) Annual Return Directors of a startup are allowed to sign annual returns of the private limited company if the Company does not have Company Secretary.

4. Section 173(5) Meetings of Board Under Companies Act, 2013, Board of Directors of a company are required to meet at least once in 120 days, 4 board meetings in a year. However, startups are exempted from holding quarterly board meetings and are allowed to hold two board meetings in a calendar year, i.e., once every six months.

5. Rule 6 of Conversion of OPCs The requirement that an OPC must convert Companies into Public and itself after its paid-up capital exceeds Rs 50

(Incorporation) Private Companies lakh and its average annual turnover exceeds Rs Rules, 2014 2 crore was omitted. Since many startups are One Person Company, this allows them to retain the status as an OPC.

6. Rule 8(4) of Sweat Equity In general, the issuance of sweat equity shares Companies (Share in a company shall not exceed 25% of the paid- Capital and up capital of the company at any time.

Debenture) Rules, However, in case of startups, this limit is upto

2014) 50% of its paid-up share capital.S. No. Section Subject Provisions in the Companies Act, 2013 to support Startups

7. Rule 12(1)(c) of Employee Stock In general, ESOPs are not given to employee Companies (Share Options (ESOPs) who is a promoter or a person belonging to the Capital and promoter group and a director who either Debentures) himself or through his relative or a body Rules, 2014 corporate, directly or indirectly holds more than 10% equity of the company. Startups are allowed to issue ESOPs to promoters and directors.

8. Rule 2(1)(c) (xvii) Convertible Note Startups can receive an amount of Rs 25 lakh or Companies more by way of a convertible note (convertible (Acceptance of into equity shares or repayable within a period Deposits) Rules, not exceeding ten years from the date of issue) 2014 in a single tranche, from a person, and such transactions are not considered deposit.

9. Rule 3(3) of Acceptance of Companies may ordinarily accept or renew any Companies deposits deposits from its members not exceeding 35% (Acceptance of of the paid-up share capital, free reserves and Deposits) Rules, securities premium account of the company.

2014 But startups have been permitted to accept deposits from members without any restriction on the amount. ***********