Executive Summary:
The Ministry of Education addressed concerns regarding the uneven implementation of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, teacher shortages, infrastructure inadequacy, and financial resource limitations. The NEP 2020, initiated on July 29, 2020, aims to reform education through collaborative efforts between the Centre and States, with specific timelines and methodologies. Financial assistance and various schemes have been launched to support states and institutions in achieving the policy's goals.
Key Points / Main Content:
NEP 2020 Implementation and Monitoring:
* NEP 2020 aims for implementation across all States through joint monitoring and collaborative efforts between the Centre and the States, with defined timelines, principles, and methodologies.
* The Ministry of Education, State Governments, and regulatory bodies are initiating actions for NEP 2020 implementation.
Financial Support and Schemes:
* The Department of School Education and Literacy is implementing the Samagra Shiksha scheme, providing financial aid to states and UTs for school grants, libraries, sports, teacher ratios, uniforms, and digital initiatives.
* The Department of Higher Education launched Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) as Pradhan Mantri Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (PM-USHA) in June 2023, allocating Rs. 12926.10 crore for 2023-24 to 2025-26 to fund State government universities and colleges.
Teacher Capacity Building:
* The UDISE 2023-24 report states there are 46,42,759 in-position teachers in secondary and higher secondary schools.
* Teacher capacity building is addressed through NISHTHA, covering all stages of education.
* A Central Sector Scheme, Malaviya Mission Teacher Training Program, has been launched to conduct capacity-building programs for faculty across 144 centers.
Higher Education Institutions:
* As per AISHE 2022-23 provisional data, there are 1213 Universities/University Level Institutions and 46624 Colleges, with approximately 16.64 lakh faculty/teaching staff.
Budgetary Allocations:
* The Ministry of Education's budget has increased steadily from Rs. 93,224.31 Crore in 2021-22 to Rs. 1,28,650.05 Crore in 2025-26.
Impact Analysis:
State Governments/UT Administrations:
* Impact: Responsible for the recruitment, deployment of teachers, and administration of most schools and HEIs.
* Action Required: Implement NEP 2020 guidelines, manage teacher recruitment and deployment, and oversee educational institutions.
Schools/HEIs (Universities, Colleges, Schools):
* Impact: Subject to reforms and new initiatives under NEP 2020.
* Action Required: Align programs and activities with NEP 2020, participate in capacity-building programs, and utilize available financial assistance.
Teachers/Faculty:
* Impact: Subject to capacity-building programs and professional development initiatives.
* Action Required: Participate in NISHTHA and Malaviya Mission Teacher Training Program, enhance skills, and adapt teaching methods to align with NEP 2020.
Students:
* Impact: Beneficiaries of improved infrastructure, better-qualified teachers, and enhanced learning environments.
* Action Required: Engage in available educational opportunities, utilize resources like free uniforms and textbooks, and participate in activities promoting holistic development.
Key Entities Referenced
National Education Policy 2020: A national policy document providing a framework for education from primary to higher education in India.
University Grants Commission: A statutory body established by the Government of India for the coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of university education in India.
All India Council for Technical Education: A statutory body and a national-level council for technical education under the Department of Higher Education.
National Council for Teacher Education: A statutory body of the Indian government to oversee standards, procedures and processes in the Indian education system.
National Council of Educational Research and Training: An autonomous organisation of the Government of India which provides assistance and guidance related to academic matters in school education.
Central Board of Secondary Education: A national level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India.
Samagra Shiksha: An overarching program for school education extending from pre-school to senior secondary level.
Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan: A centrally sponsored scheme to improve the quality of higher education by providing funding to eligible state higher educational institutions.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1223
ANSWERED ON 28.07.2025
Implementation of Reforms under NEP 2020
†1223. Shri Sanatan Pandey:
Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:
(a) whether the implementation of reforms proposed under NEP 2020 is uneven across States;
(b) whether the shortage of teachers, inadequacy of infrastructure and lack of financial resources are
hindering the achievement of the goals of the policy; and
(c) if so, the steps taken by the Government to address these challenges and their current status?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
(DR. SUKANTA MAJUMDAR)
(a) to (c): The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) announced on 29.07.2020 is the first
education policy of the 21st century and aims to address the many growing developmental
imperatives of our country. NEP 2020 stipulates a number of reforms for its implementation across
all States through joint monitoring and collaborative efforts between the Centre and the States.
NEP 2020 provides different timelines as well as principles and methodology for its implementation.
Education being in the concurrent list of Constitution, Centre and States are equally responsible for
providing quality education to all. Accordingly, Ministry of Education, State Governments,
education-related Ministries, the regulatory and implementing bodies of school and higher education
such as University Grants Commission, All India Council for Technical Education, National Council
for Teacher Education, National Council of Educational Research and Training, Central Board of
Secondary Education, Universities/Colleges/Schools etc. have taken initiatives for implementation
of NEP 2020.
Department of School Education & Literacy is implementing a Samagra Shiksha scheme. Under the
scheme, financial assistance is provided to all states and UTs for different interventions like
composite school grant to every school for providing a conducive learning environment, grants for
library, sports and physical activities, to maintain appropriate Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR) for various
levels of schooling, free uniform and text books to eligible students, support for Rashtriya Avishkar
Abhiyan, ICT and digital initiatives, School Leadership development programme, remedial teaching
for academically weaker students, etc.The Department of Higher Education has launched the third phase of Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha
Abhiyan (RUSA) as Pradhan Mantri Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (PM-USHA) in June 2023 with an
outlay of Rs. 12926.10 crore for the period 2023-24 to 2025-26 aimed at funding specific State
government universities and colleges.
Education being a subject in the Concurrent List of the Constitution, an overwhelming majority of
the schools and HEIs in the country comes under the administrative control of States/UTs. The
recruitment and rational deployment of teachers come under the purview of the respective State
Governments/UT Administrations. As per the UDISE+ 23-24 report, the total number of in-position
teachers in secondary and higher secondary school are 46,42,759.
Also, teacher capacity building has been addressed through NISHTHA (National Initiative for School
Heads’ and Teachers’ Holistic Advancement), extended to cover all stages of school education
including Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE).
As per AISHE 2022-23 (provisional), total number of Universities / University Level Institutions and
Colleges has increased to 1213 and 46624 respectively. Also, the total number of in-position Faculty
/ Teaching Staff is around 16.64 lakh.
In Higher Education, to address issues related to faculty and their professional development, a Central
Sector Scheme ‘Malaviya Mission Teacher Training Program’ has been launched. Under the scheme,
various Capacity Building Programs for faculty are conducted by across 144 Malviya Mission
Teacher Training Centres on various components such as Nurturing Future Leadership Program;
Specific Learning Disabilities; Design and Entrepreneurship; Mental Health, Resilience &
Wellbeing, AI & Cyber Security, STEM, Science communication for STEM Faculty etc.
Various schemes/ projects /programmes run by Ministry of Education have been aligned with NEP
2020. Budget allocation of Ministry of Education has increased from Rs. 93,224.31 Crore for the
year 2021-22, to Rs. 1,04,277.72 Crore for the year 2022-23, to Rs. 1,12,899.47 Cr. for the year
2023-24, to Rs. 1,21,117.77 Crore for the year 2024-25 and Rs. 1,28,650.05 Crore for the year 2025-
26.
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