Parliament Question: Low Recovery Rates of NPAs of Big Borrowers

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO- 3831 ANSWERED ON MONDAY, 16 MARCH, 2026/PHALGUNA 25, 1947 (SAKA) Low Recovery Rates of NPAs of Big Borrowers 3831. SHRI SUBBARAYAN K: COM. SELVARAJ V: Will the Minister of FINANCE be pleased to state:- a) the details of non-performing assets (NPAs) during the last five years, bank-wise and sector- wise; (b) the recovery rate of big corporate borrowers and the small borrowers; and (c) the reason for the recovery rates of big borrowers remaining disproportionately low compared to coercive recovery action against small borrowers? ANSWER THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE (SHRI PANKAJ CHAUDHARY) (a): Bank-wise and sector-wise details of gross NPAs of Public Sector Banks, Private Sector Banks, Foreign Banks and Small Finance Banks for the last five financial years (FYs) and as on 31.12.2025, are at Annex. (b) and (c): Reserve Bank of India has apprised that the information regarding category ‘big corporate borrowers’ and ‘small borrowers’ is not maintained by it. However, the recovery rate i.e. recovery in NPA accounts during the FY (including recovery from written-off loans) as a percentage of gross NPAs as at the beginning of FY for the aforesaid bank groups, has increased from 12.76% in FY2020-21 to 26.15% in FY2024-25. *****Annex Lok Sabha Unstarred question no. 3831, regarding low recovery rates of NPAs of Big Borrowers Sector-wise details of NPAs by Public Sector Banks, Private Sector Banks, Foreign Banks and Small Finance Banks (Amounts in crore Rupees) Industry - GNPAs Services - GNPAs Bank 31-03-2021 31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024 31-03-2025 31-12-2025 31-03-2021 31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024 31-03-2025 31-12-2025 AMERICAN EXPRESS BANKING CORP. 11 25 55 39 46 30 80 101 154 137 150 129 AU SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 101 67 79 97 189 266 1,106 645 622 707 1,149 1,435 AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND BANKING GROUP - - - - 25 25 - - - - LIMITED AXIS BANK LIMITED 9,721 7,830 6,722 4,440 3,037 2,949 4,062 3,418 2,860 2,387 1,279 1,208 BANDHAN BANK LIMITED 887 775 1,073 850 997 549 1,984 2,055 2,586 2,845 3,752 2,223 BANK OF BAHRAIN & KUWAIT B.S.C. 13 17 17 17 5 4 - - - - - - BANK OF BARODA 24,173 13,860 8,269 4,129 3,277 2,403 14,434 12,032 6,358 9,313 8,254 7,747 BANK OF CEYLON 0 - 0 - - - 33 54 49 48 36 13 BANK OF INDIA 17,792 13,110 9,864 6,890 2,918 2,262 18,488 15,178 12,916 9,993 7,117 4,698 BANK OF MAHARASHTRA 1,235 857 275 219 184 107 2,319 1,272 1,418 962 851 671 BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA 63 63 - - - - - - - - - - BARCLAYS BANK PLC 218 55 0 0 - - 51 57 31 - - - BNP PARIBAS - - - - 7 6 - - - - CANARA BANK 17,696 16,477 15,464 14,880 10,553 7,925 14,258 11,522 16,070 11,463 9,102 7,571 CAPITAL SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED - - 5 2 9 - - 50 46 44 55 9 CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA 14,118 13,208 5,918 2,699 2,192 1,779 7,267 6,673 5,899 4,453 2,373 2,595 CITIBANK N.A 230 197 167 165 74 74 100 60 37 31 31 31 CITY UNION BANK LIMITED 744 555 594 612 610 448 501 592 505 243 272 317 COOPERATIEVE RABOBANK U.A. 120 48 104 - - - 150 - - - - - CREDIT AGRICOLE CORPORATE AND INVESTMENT 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - BANK CSB BANK LIMITED 84 66 54 119 167 294 162 99 94 88 70 106 CTBC BANK CO., LTD. 2 1 1 - - - - - - - - - DBS BANK INDIA LIMITED 311 1,744 1,757 900 762 442 146 1,550 894 693 569 437 DCB BANK LIMITED 160 159 238 229 225 206 565 629 527 565 569 485 DEUTSCHE BANK AG 352 519 437 266 261 230 524 1,576 837 381 331 332 DHANLAXMI BANK LIMITED 181 91 87 91 136 116 322 337 343 220 143 119Industry - GNPAs Services - GNPAs Bank 31-03-2021 31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024 31-03-2025 31-12-2025 31-03-2021 31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024 31-03-2025 31-12-2025 DOHA BANK Q.P.S.C. 18 18 18 - - - 9 9 9 9 9 9 EQUITAS SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 39 31 72 93 286 309 106 184 331 404 ESAF SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 105 138 35 73 35 20 126 199 96 131 110 100 FEDERAL BANK LTD 1,154 783 950 982 859 899 934 989 919 919 930 1,092 FINCARE SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 153 283 3 4 86 4 9 25 FIRSTRAND BANK LTD - - - - - 28 - - - - - HDFC BANK LTD. 2,525 3,115 3,231 4,325 4,907 6,007 5,580 4,941 5,966 13,305 12,670 10,200 HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPN.LTD. 79 54 215 196 ICICI BANK LIMITED 17,663 15,065 13,034 10,226 6,861 6,629 7,811 5,439 4,142 4,090 4,118 4,402 IDBI BANK LIMITED 22,725 22,118 3,191 2,862 1,503 1,161 5,204 4,430 1,634 1,606 1,309 1,342 IDFC FIRST BANK LIMITED 607 1,785 1,433 954 809 894 1,785 860 880 942 802 1,014 INDIAN BANK 20,724 17,621 8,308 4,748 3,352 2,699 5,207 4,852 7,314 5,625 4,447 2,914 INDIAN OVERSEAS BANK 8,322 6,923 5,502 1,465 1,022 769 2,511 2,427 2,222 1,051 516 488 INDUSIND BANK LTD 747 777 945 1,090 1,161 1,497 3,350 2,762 2,129 2,075 2,437 2,808 INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL BANK OF CHINA - - - - 34 - - - - - - JAMMU & KASHMIR BANK LTD 2,643 2,321 1,428 906 776 575 3,197 3,275 2,784 2,311 2,140 2,200 JANA SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 50 10 16 16 50 32 97 48 105 85 200 176 KARNATAKA BANK LTD 592 482 451 478 429 428 884 852 857 943 792 813 KARUR VYSYA BANK LTD 1,887 1,345 436 338 166 162 1,560 1,380 576 278 227 302 KEB HANA BANK 40 40 40 40 - - - - - - - - KOOKMIN BANK - - - - - - - 10 - - KOTAK MAHINDRA BANK LTD. 2,156 1,861 1,271 905 726 757 2,190 1,626 1,230 1,521 1,596 1,966 LAKSHMI VILAS BANK LTD 1,481 1,546 MIZUHO BANK LTD 6 6 6 6 - - - - - - - - NAINITAL BANK LTD 270 160 155 146 133 135 142 109 81 77 67 69 NORTH EAST SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 8 10 25 8 37 97 93 165 6 16 PT BANK MAYBANK INDONESIA TBK 18 - - - - - - - - - - - PUNJAB AND SIND BANK 3,279 2,644 1,697 1,272 711 547 4,477 4,379 2,446 1,597 1,002 788 PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK 47,614 36,221 26,573 14,741 7,832 21,285 25,523 20,633 15,270 13,380 12,260 9,995 QATAR NATIONAL BANK (Q.P.S.C) - - - - 50 53 52 - - - RBL BANK LTD 650 711 880 716 288 244 455 484 709 620 329 295 SBERBANK 92 41 22 22 14 - - - - - - -Industry - GNPAs Services - GNPAs Bank 31-03-2021 31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024 31-03-2025 31-12-2025 31-03-2021 31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024 31-03-2025 31-12-2025 SBM BANK (INDIA) LIMITED 87 85 76 86 93 34 - 2 - - 11 47 SHINHAN BANK 15 1 1 - - - 100 139 139 3 3 6 SHIVALIK SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 1 - 0 1 2 6 - 4 16 22 SLICE SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 44 22 SOCIETE GENERALE 79 79 79 6 4 4 - - - - - - SOUTH INDIAN BANK LTD 1,378 876 981 755 585 443 1,697 1,611 1,590 1,701 1,123 1,008 STANDARD CHARTERED BANK 1,937 1,202 957 663 620 470 2,179 2,015 1,720 1,491 1,007 952 STATE BANK OF INDIA 57,077 51,716 33,802 27,994 21,433 16,895 27,205 20,183 15,930 14,146 11,989 12,846 SURYODAY SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 2 1 0 3 2 6 223 341 8 13 142 188 TAMILNAD MERCANTILE BANK LTD 385 188 220 271 276 251 495 277 187 223 201 145 THE HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING 57 44 54 57 198 189 203 206 CORPORATION LIMITED UCO BANK 1,699 1,238 636 167 104 129 3,425 2,684 2,334 2,422 2,123 1,828 UJJIVAN SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 59 111 69 61 58 65 191 400 133 91 138 183 UNION BANK OF INDIA 44,219 36,644 22,358 13,189 6,507 20,942 18,779 16,423 9,227 6,650 5,140 9,623 UNITED OVERSEAS BANK LTD - - - - 75 75 55 - - - UNITY SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 332 358 51 100 223 2,985 2,952 170 217 376 UTKARSH SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 6 39 2 10 26 60 87 138 4 24 132 226 WOORI BANK - 58 - - - - 8 8 - - YES BANK LTD. 13,074 12,933 1,437 1,132 1,024 881 12,469 12,025 926 1,148 1,051 1,112 Source: RBI(Amounts in crore Rupees) Agriculture and Allied Activities - GNPAs Retail Loans - GNPAs Bank 31-03-2021 31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024 31-03-2025 31-12-2025 31-03-2021 31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024 31-03-2025 31-12-2025 AMERICAN EXPRESS BANKING CORP. - - - - - - 162 101 79 86 99 89 AU SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 213 142 173 187 516 559 83 70 108 247 622 620 AXIS BANK LIMITED 1,862 2,118 2,086 2,107 3,228 4,766 3,999 3,294 3,909 4,133 6,002 7,381 BANDHAN BANK LIMITED 2,207 949 531 430 553 660 655 827 1,108 660 1,134 1,373 BANK OF BAHRAIN & KUWAIT B.S.C. - - - - - - 1 1 2 2 1 1 BANK OF BARODA 8,450 9,113 8,656 6,798 7,599 8,443 3,044 3,686 3,296 3,201 4,569 5,458 BANK OF CEYLON - - - - - - - 0 - - BANK OF INDIA 8,599 8,777 9,408 9,673 9,389 8,154 2,123 2,058 2,062 2,273 1,937 1,466 BANK OF MAHARASHTRA 3,450 2,845 2,332 2,426 2,950 3,312 682 352 294 221 194 294 CANARA BANK 9,467 8,447 7,400 8,541 8,375 6,954 2,087 1,825 2,036 2,329 2,301 1,451 CAPITAL SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 29 44 63 73 89 111 1 1 35 50 43 45 CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA 5,349 6,053 5,039 3,322 3,659 3,384 2,542 2,223 1,531 867 1,000 968 CITIBANK N.A 105 - - - 17 555 401 3 - - - 101 CITY UNION BANK LIMITED 169 176 214 228 176 124 208 220 233 244 197 180 COOPERATIEVE RABOBANK U.A. 103 103 - - - - - - - - CSB BANK LIMITED 15 21 26 59 116 181 132 103 89 96 122 126 DBS BANK INDIA LIMITED - 197 10 43 52 29 31 112 111 156 155 147 DCB BANK LIMITED 136 201 193 232 297 362 223 301 165 327 464 515 DEUTSCHE BANK AG - - - - - - 580 636 474 114 51 31 DHANLAXMI BANK LIMITED 29 27 19 16 11 8 124 78 62 84 65 83 EQUITAS SMALL FINANCE BANK 80 166 121 190 209 262 277 361 457 415 455 358 LIMITED ESAF SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 255 374 174 626 974 732 79 240 47 63 171 315 FEDERAL BANK LTD 916 1,045 900 803 855 1,013 1,246 1,130 1,209 1,617 1,732 1,443 FINCARE SMALL FINANCE BANK 36 50 152 96 78 236 125 74 LIMITED HDFC BANK LTD. 3,448 4,193 4,931 5,390 8,669 10,715 3,258 3,657 3,857 7,928 8,824 8,106 HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING 87 86 532 308 CORPN.LTD. ICICI BANK LIMITED 2,058 2,973 2,929 3,589 4,366 4,965 7,628 5,618 5,758 6,764 7,031 6,254 IDBI BANK LIMITED 2,584 2,676 2,765 2,588 2,378 2,424 697 763 802 988 1,026 1,248 IDFC FIRST BANK LIMITED 143 283 135 214 838 537 1,768 1,541 1,436 1,608 1,984 2,169 INDIAN BANK 8,738 8,852 8,926 8,510 8,602 7,477 2,873 3,208 3,168 2,071 1,566 958 INDIAN OVERSEAS BANK 2,608 3,015 2,983 2,098 1,673 1,228 1,362 1,294 1,805 824 754 651Agriculture and Allied Activities - GNPAs Retail Loans - GNPAs Bank 31-03-2021 31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024 31-03-2025 31-12-2025 31-03-2021 31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024 31-03-2025 31-12-2025 INDUSIND BANK LTD 515 854 1,651 2,040 4,930 4,668 946 1,124 1,102 1,319 2,397 2,512 JAMMU & KASHMIR BANK LTD 798 625 672 427 353 331 314 295 315 306 328 372 JANA SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 153 157 125 185 310 503 558 542 462 209 190 118 KARNATAKA BANK LTD 610 559 555 610 533 531 485 341 347 428 388 383 KARUR VYSYA BANK LTD 383 371 111 85 60 93 312 297 296 252 126 93 KOTAK MAHINDRA BANK LTD. 1,122 1,324 1,360 1,456 1,721 1,785 1,891 1,654 1,906 1,394 2,092 1,813 LAKSHMI VILAS BANK LTD 524 149 NAINITAL BANK LTD 165 183 152 124 131 127 73 69 59 51 55 63 NORTH EAST SMALL FINANCE BANK 82 82 136 30 11 5 5 0 0 1 LIMITED PUNJAB AND SIND BANK 918 944 1,027 1,228 1,264 1,202 660 597 478 569 393 333 PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK 18,100 20,408 21,954 18,711 17,361 16,379 7,167 6,886 5,696 4,940 3,238 2,749 RBL BANK LTD 536 874 382 504 1,356 924 936 657 448 375 435 499 SBM BANK (INDIA) LIMITED - - - - - 2 7 21 37 59 64 SHINHAN BANK 12 12 12 12 4 4 1 2 5 6 19 20 SHIVALIK SMALL FINANCE BANK 4 0 6 25 38 22 32 33 38 41 LIMITED SLICE SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 11 153 SONALI BANK - - - - 4 4 4 4 SONALI BANK PLC - - 6 5 SOUTH INDIAN BANK LTD 643 689 700 701 599 586 425 473 437 464 492 545 STANDARD CHARTERED BANK 44 59 63 52 29 39 514 610 493 470 361 289 STATE BANK OF INDIA 32,757 30,459 31,650 30,973 30,947 31,644 6,924 7,400 7,585 9,644 11,109 11,168 SURYODAY SMALL FINANCE BANK 137 181 62 110 409 417 31 75 121 47 31 178 LIMITED TAMILNAD MERCANTILE BANK LTD 118 52 69 51 50 37 86 54 44 30 30 29 THE HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI 62 61 64 43 206 164 139 170 BANKING CORPORATION LIMITED UCO BANK 4,071 3,913 3,323 3,267 3,270 3,428 871 742 605 442 420 473 UJJIVAN SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 323 330 122 137 179 222 498 443 307 324 321 410 UNION BANK OF INDIA 14,831 13,223 12,151 13,439 14,102 14,160 5,552 4,921 4,652 4,111 3,190 2,740 UNITY SMALL FINANCE BANK LIMITED 3 12 30 236 283 452 445 109 116 115 UTKARSH SMALL FINANCE BANK 202 435 258 208 1,020 997 20 36 168 175 676 703 LIMITED YES BANK LTD. 1,140 1,258 108 143 329 534 884 679 730 1,222 1,517 1,461 Source: RBI *****