**Executive Summary:**
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change launched the Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats Tangible Incomes (MISHTI) on June 5, 2023, to restore and promote mangroves. The program, part of the Budget Announcement 2023-24, aims to enhance coastal habitat sustainability through mangrove reforestation and afforestation. Implementation began in FY 2023-24, with support activities planned for the second year.
**Key Points / Main Content:**
* **MISHTI Objectives and Implementation:**
* Launched on June 5, 2023, to restore and promote mangroves.
* Aims to preserve and enhance the sustainability of coastal habitats.
* Implemented through convergence with various schemes like State/National CAMPA, MGNREGS, and State Plans.
* **Mangrove Restoration and Plantation:**
* 22,560.34 ha have been taken up for mangrove plantation and restoration across 13 States/UTs through convergence.
* Details of State/UT-wise mangrove plantation and restoration are in Annexure 1.
* **Livelihood Opportunities:**
* MISHTI includes core activities (plantation, restoration) and support activities (livelihood diversification, awareness, capacity building, R&D, ecotourism).
* Support activities are planned for the second year.
* Local communities are involved in nursery raising, plantation, mangrove monitoring, seed collection, channel excavation, and seed dibbling.
* **Ecotourism Promotion:**
* Ecotourism is a forestry activity as per the amended Van Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan Adhiniyam, 1980.
* Mangrove-based ecotourism is supported through the National CAMPA based on State/UT plans.
* State-wise details for proposed allocations for ecotourism are in Annexure 2.
* Chhattisgarh is not covered under the MISHTI program.
**Impact Analysis:**
* **Local Coastal Communities:**
* *Impact:* Benefit from livelihood opportunities through involvement in core and support activities, including nursery raising, plantation, and ecotourism.
* *Action Required:* Participate in implementation activities such as nursery raising, plantation, mangrove monitoring, seed collection, channel excavation, feederfield channel construction, and seed dibbling in mangrove plantation and restoration programmes.
* **State/UT Governments:**
* *Impact:* Responsible for implementing MISHTI through convergence with existing schemes and submitting plans for ecotourism promotion.
* *Action Required:* Develop and implement plans for mangrove restoration, livelihood diversification, and ecotourism, utilizing funds from State/National CAMPA, MGNREGS, and State Plans and submit plans for funding from National CAMPA.
* **Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change:**
* *Impact:* Oversees the MISHTI program and provides support through policy amendments and funding mechanisms.
* *Action Required:* Monitor the implementation of MISHTI and provide necessary guidance and resources to State/UT governments.
Key Entities Referenced
Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats Tangible Incomes MISHTI: A scheme launched to restore and promote mangroves as a natural ecosystem and for preserving the sustainability of coastal habitats.
SHRI BIDYUT BARAN MAHATO: Member of Parliament who raised a question in Lok Sabha about the MISHTI scheme.
SHRI DINESHBHAI MAKWANA: Member of Parliament who raised a question in Lok Sabha about the MISHTI scheme.
SMT. KAMLESH JANGDE: Member of Parliament who raised a question in Lok Sabha about the MISHTI scheme.
SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH: Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change who provided the answer to the Lok Sabha question.
StateNational CAMPA: Refers to the State and National Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority, used for convergence with the MISHTI scheme.
MGNREGS: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, used for convergence with the MISHTI scheme.
Van Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan Adhiniyam, 1980: Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, amended to include ecotourism as a forestry activity.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 4037
TO BE ANSWERED ON 18.08.2025
Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI)
4037. SHRI BIDYUT BARAN MAHATO:
SHRI DINESHBHAI MAKWANA:
SMT. KAMLESH JANGDE:
Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to
state:
(a) the current status of mangrove plantation and restoration under the MISHTI Scheme
across the country, State/UT-wise;
(b) the details of the livelihood opportunities generated for local coastal communities
through MISHTI, if any;
(c) whether the Government is planning to promote eco-tourism and allied activities in
the restored mangrove areas under MISHTI; and
(d) if so, the details thereof, State/UT-wise including Chhattisgarh?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND
CLIMATE CHANGE
(SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH)
(a) As a part of Budget Announcement 2023-24, the Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline
Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI) has been launched on 5th June 2023 to
restore and promote mangroves as unique, natural eco-system and for preserving
and enhancing the sustainability of the coastal habitats. The objective of MISHTI is
to restore mangrove forests by undertaking mangrove reforestation/ afforestation
measures along the coast of India. Implementation of activities under MISHTI
commenced in FY 2023–24 through convergence with various schemes, including
State/National CAMPA, MGNREGS, and State Plans. So far, an area of 22,560.34
ha has been taken up through convergence across 13 States/UTs for plantation and
restoration of degraded mangroves. The State/UT-wise details are provided in
Annexure 1.
(b) The MISHTI programme encompasses both core activities, such as plantation and
restoration, and support activities, which include livelihood diversification,
awareness generation and capacity building, research and development, publicity
and outreach, monitoring and evaluation, and the promotion of ecotourism
through Self-Help Groups (SHGs). As per the plans received from the States
under MISHTI, the support activities are being undertaken in the second year,
after the completion of preparatory work, through convergence with
State/National CAMPA, MGNREGS, State Plans, etc. In addition, localcommunities have a central role in implementing core activities such as nursery
raising, plantation, mangrove monitoring, seed collection, channel excavation,
feeder/field channel construction, and seed dibbling in mangrove plantation and
restoration programmes
(c) & (d) The Central Government has amended the Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan)
Adhiniyam, 1980, and as per the amended provisions, eco-tourism has been made
a forestry activity for promoting eco-tourism in the country. Promotion of
mangrove-based eco-tourism is one of the activities under the MISHTI program
and is being supported through the National CAMPA based on plans received
from the respective States/UTs. The State-wise details for proposed allocations
for eco-tourism as per the plans received from States/UTs are provided in
Annexure 2. The MISHTI scheme is specifically for the degraded mangrove areas
along the coasts of India; hence the State of Chhattisgarh is not covered under the
programme.
*****Annexure 1
Annexure referred to in reply to part (a) of the Lok Sabha Un-Starred Question No.
4037 due for reply on 18.08.2025 by Shri Bidyut Baran Mahato, Shri Dineshbhai
Makwana, Smt. Kamlesh Jangde, regarding “Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline
Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI)”
Table: The State/UT wise mangrove plantation and restoration through convergence
since the inception of the MISHTI
(Area in Ha)
S. No. States/UTs 2023-24 2024-25 Total
1 Maharashtra 138.77 53.20 191.97
2 Andhra Pradesh 137.26 700.50 837.76
3 Puducherry 0.00 6.00 6.00
4 Lakshadweep 0.003 0.003 0.006
5 Goa 35.80 6.00 41.80
6 West Bengal 10.00 0.00 10.00
Andaman & Nicobar
7 14.50 2.50 17.00
Islands
8 Karnataka 135.00 220.00 355.00
9 Gujarat 6930.00 12290.00 19220.00
10 Odisha 402.00 359.00 761.00
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
11 40.92 10.00 50.92
and Daman and Diu
12 Kerala 8.88 0.00 8.88
13 Tamil Nadu 570.00 490.00 1060.00
Total 8423.13 14137.2 22560.34Annexure 2
Annexure referred to in reply to part (c)&(d) of the Lok Sabha Un-Starred Question
No. 4037 due for reply on 18.08.2025 by Shri Bidyut Baran Mahato, Shri Dineshbhai
Makwana, and Smt. Kamlesh Jangde regarding “Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline
Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI)”
Table: The details of funds allocated for Eco-tourism activities in the plans submitted
by the States/UTs for funding from National CAMPA
(Rs. In Crores)
S. No. State/UT Total funds allocated for
Ecotourism
1 Gujarat 7.00
2 West Bengal 4.83
3 Kerala 0.00
4 Puducherry 1.00
5 Andhra Pradesh 0.00
6 Odisha 0.044
Total 12.874