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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
RAJYA SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.1657
ANSWERED ON 13/02/2026
MERCHANDISE TRADE BALANCE WITH EU
1657. SMT. JEBI MATHER HISHAM
Will the Minister of COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY be pleased to state:
(a) details of India’s merchandise trade balance with the European Union (EU) during last
five years;
(b) details of export–import figures between India and the EU, along with the current
balance of trade for last five years, sector-wise (agriculture, services, manufacturing) ;
(c) last five years’ details of EU investments and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows
into India;
(d) whether Government has projected additional trade, investment and FDI inflows from
the EU in the next five years after the trade pact, if so, the details thereof; and
(e) year-wise details of technology transfer collaborations between India
and the EU during the last five years?
ANSWER
THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
(SHRI JITIN PRASADA)
(a) The details of India’s merchandise trade and the trade balance with the European Union
(EU) during the last five years are given below:
Values in USD Bn.
S.No. Year 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023 2023-2024 2024-2025
1 Export 41.36 64.96 74.84 75.93 75.85
2 Import 39.72 51.40 61.05 61.48 60.68
3 Total Trade 81.08 116.36 135.89 137.41 136.53
4 Trade Balance 1.64 13.56 13.79 14.45 15.17
Source: DGCIS as on 09.02.2026
(b) The details of sector-wise export–import and trade balance of merchandise trade between
India and the EU are enclosed at Annexure-I. The data of Services trade between India and EU
Services Trade between India and EU (Values in USD Bn.)
S.No. Year 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
1 Export 27.23 32.97 41.69 44.6 46.77
2 Import 21.49 29.09 33.59 34.11 36.32
3 Total Trade 48.72 62.06 75.28 78.72 83.1
4 Trade Balance 5.74 3.88 8.09 10.49 10.45
is given below:
Source: WTO Stats-BaTiS
1(c): The financial year-wise FDI Equity Inflows from April 2020 to September 2025 from
European Union are given below:
Values in USD Million
Year 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 (Till Sep. 2025)
FDI Inflow 6,979.41 7,823.66 6,108.14 8,110.29 9,549.81 4,866.63
Source: DPIIT
(d): The tariff elimination and preferential market access secured under the proposed FTA
across 97% of EU tariff lines covering more than 99% of India’s export value are expected to
enhance the price competitiveness of Indian goods, particularly in labour-intensive and
MSME-driven sectors, leading to expansion of trade volumes over time. The FTA enables the
development of integrated and trusted supply chains between India and Europe, reducing
vulnerabilities and transaction costs, thereby promoting greater investment from EU. The FTA
will also facilitate greater inflow of FDI in services including financial services and Global
Capability Centers (GCCs) from EU countries.
(e): Technology collaborations between India and EU take place under the framework of the
India-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC). There have been two Ministerial level
meetings of the TTC so far, in May 2023 and February 2025. Under Working Group 1 of the
TTC, collaboration in Strategic Technologies, Digital Governance, and Digital Connectivity is
covered. There have been discussions held on cooperation in digital technologies including
Semiconductors, Artificial Intelligence, High-Performance and Quantum computing, 6G
standards and digital public infrastructure. Under Working Group 2 of the TTC covering Green
& Clean Energy Technologies, cooperation in research and innovation, and exchange of best
practices between India and the EU is taking place, as follows:
There have been coordinated research calls to promote joint research and development
for producing renewable hydrogen from biogenic wastes; and understanding and
mitigating the cumulative impacts of marine pollution, particularly plastic litter.
An India-EU Ideathon on Combating Marine Plastic Litter was launched in September
2025.
Both sides have also concluded a Matchmaking Event to identify, support and organise
exchanges between Indian and EU startups in technology for recycling of batteries for
Electric Vehicles (EVs).
Indian scientists have participated in a training and mutual learning exercise on EV
interoperability and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) at the Joint Research Centre
(JRC) E-Mobility Lab in Ispra, Italy in January 2024.
A joint hybrid workshop on EV Charging Technologies (Standardisation and Testing)
was organised at the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Pune, India
and online, to deepen the EU-Indian dialogue and the industry’s engagement in
charging infrastructure standardisation processes with India.
During the 16th India-EU Summit held at Delhi on 27 Jan 2026, the renewal of the
India-EU Agreement on Scientific & Technological Cooperation for the period 2025-
30 was agreed.
*****
2Annexure referred to in reply to Part (b) of Rajya Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1657
for answer on 13.02.2026.
Annexure-I
India's merchandise exports to EU in last 5 years (US$ million)
Exports
S Commodity 2020- 2021- 2022- 2023- 2024- April-Dec
No 21 22 23 24 25 2025
1 AGRI & ALLIED 2,303.40 2,413.87 2,632.50 2,747.37 3,243.47 2,553.60
PRODUCTS
2 ARTICLES OF 734.00 885.85 865.51 979.78 913.16 720.87
STONE,
PLASTER,
CEMENT,
ASBESTOS, MICA
OR SIMILAR
MATERIALS;
CERAMIC
PRODUCTS;
GLASS AND
GLASSWARE
3 BASE METALS 4,558.17 10,594.97 8,831.78 8,094.29 6,257.67 5,469.55
4 CHEMICALS & 7,477.92 9,394.84 10,282.47 9,628.04 9,957.08 7,734.81
RELATED
PRODUCTS
5 ELECTORONICS 2,454.02 3,380.59 6,429.04 6,416.39 9,389.78 4,932.62
ITEMS
6 GEMS & 1,821.22 3,459.59 3,582.72 2,927.36 2,481.87 1,879.80
JEWELLERY
7 LEATHER & 1,690.32 2,008.39 2,203.13 2,037.85 2,001.83 1,532.90
LEATHER
MANUFACTURES
8 MACHINERY 4,913.85 6,998.44 7,667.57 7,994.67 8,203.96 6,837.68
9 MARINE 685.10 988.45 1,121.90 900.69 1,001.19 1,061.60
PRODUCTS
10 OFFICE 9.43 7.83 16.72 21.73 28.16 35.41
EQUIPMENTS
11 OPTICAL, 576.75 725.94 954.78 923.15 1,042.27 715.91
MEDICAL &
SURGICAL
INSTRUMENTS
12 ORES & 68.22 473.37 265.77 131.58 110.13 71.85
MINERALS
13 PAPER & 497.27 663.00 614.86 645.98 668.20 523.89
RELATED
PRODUCTS
14 PERTOLEUM 2,868.55 8,754.62 15,598.27 19,169.17 15,009.08 9,490.66
CRUDE &
PRODUCTS
15 PLANTATION 432.67 560.85 603.29 676.42 992.76 714.24
16 PLASTIC & 1,164.36 1,858.90 1,679.52 1,416.91 1,528.72 1,168.71
RUBBER
ARTICLES
317 PROJECT GOODS 0.53 0.61 0.32 0.41 0.26 0.29
18 SPORTS GOODS 62.31 87.31 87.55 86.32 90.98 68.39
19 TEXTILES & 5,666.15 7,561.49 7,416.47 6,781.86 7,410.41 5,530.72
ALLIED
PRODUCTS
20 TRANSPORT 2,520.08 3,073.04 3,023.95 3,448.86 4,544.42 3,268.23
EQUIPMENTS
21 OTHERS 866.14 1,082.28 968.70 907.91 978.94 839.81
Total 41,370.41 64,974.18 74,846.88 75,936.72 75,854.24 55,151.59
India's merchandise imports from EU in last 5 years (US$ million)
Imports
S Commodity 2020- 2021- 2022- 2023- 2024- April-Dec
No 21 22 23 24 25 2025
1 AGRI & ALLIED 645.60 981.67 1,767.55 2,260.58 1,463.63 909.54
PRODUCTS
2 ARTICLES OF 355.78 459.46 533.94 520.55 544.18 438.80
STONE,
PLASTER,
CEMENT,
ASBESTOS, MICA
OR SIMILAR
MATERIALS;
CERAMIC
PRODUCTS;
GLASS AND
GLASSWARE
3 BASE METALS 3,070.19 4,372.99 4,960.41 4,997.46 5,114.82 4,054.23
4 CHEMICALS & 6,087.86 7,474.03 7,291.17 6,759.46 7,088.77 6,081.49
RELATED
PRODUCTS
5 ELECTORONICS 3,175.70 3,985.92 7,442.16 10,039.42 9,340.14 9,953.76
ITEMS
6 GEMS & 3,753.58 6,127.11 5,041.60 3,039.51 2,321.47 1,864.81
JEWELLERY
7 LEATHER & 109.39 149.60 167.04 157.96 161.93 126.41
LEATHER
MANUFACTURES
8 MACHINERY 8,480.47 11,406.77 12,692.67 14,844.94 14,894.86 12,033.19
9 MARINE 4.87 5.90 12.05 12.70 12.73 12.56
PRODUCTS
10 OFFICE 4.41 2.70 19.17 3.45 1.64 2.81
EQUIPMENTS
11 OPTICAL, 1,500.75 2,004.56 2,388.07 2,692.39 2,907.35 2,389.94
MEDICAL &
SURGICAL
INSTRUMENTS
12 ORES & 468.68 790.94 734.29 702.89 599.27 429.23
MINERALS
13 PAPER & 1,146.64 1,509.59 1,822.74 1,572.00 1,611.22 1,269.73
RELATED
PRODUCTS
414 PERTOLEUM 670.90 1,101.61 3,648.63 1,322.34 559.90 205.40
CRUDE &
PRODUCTS
15 PLANTATION 5.14 5.15 4.68 3.46 9.27 12.35
16 PLASTIC & 2,093.78 2,921.06 3,270.98 2,735.12 2,965.19 2,298.40
RUBBER
ARTICLES
17 PROJECT GOODS 538.23 387.48 568.85 293.95 331.68 136.70
18 SPORTS GOODS 24.09 30.42 35.66 48.04 52.99 57.98
19 TEXTILES & 394.13 544.72 634.52 672.71 710.61 550.30
ALLIED
PRODUCTS
20 TRANSPORT 6,263.16 6,042.99 7,128.37 7,829.03 8,952.70 6,325.30
EQUIPMENTS
21 OTHERS 922.83 1,101.12 890.35 918.16 1,036.80 872.33
Total 39,716.21 51,405.81 61,054.88 61,426.13 60,681.15 50,025.25
India's merchandise trade balance with EU in last 5 years (US$ million)
Trade Balance
S Commodity 2020- 2021- 2022- 2023- 2024- April-Dec
No 21 22 23 24 25 2025
1 AGRI & ALLIED 1,657.80 1,432.20 864.95 486.79 1,779.84 1,644.06
PRODUCTS
2 ARTICLES OF 378.22 426.39 331.57 459.23 368.98 282.07
STONE,
PLASTER,
CEMENT,
ASBESTOS, MICA
OR SIMILAR
MATERIALS;
CERAMIC
PRODUCTS;
GLASS AND
GLASSWARE
3 BASE METALS 1,487.98 6,221.98 3,871.37 3,096.83 1,142.85 1,415.32
4 CHEMICALS & 1,390.06 1,920.81 2,991.30 2,868.58 2,868.31 1,653.32
RELATED
PRODUCTS
5 ELECTORONICS -721.68 -605.33 -1,013.12 -3,623.03 49.64 -5,021.14
ITEMS
6 GEMS & - -2,667.52 -1,458.88 -112.15 160.40 14.99
JEWELLERY 1,932.36
7 LEATHER & 1,580.93 1,858.79 2,036.09 1,879.89 1,839.90 1,406.49
LEATHER
MANUFACTURES
8 MACHINERY - -4,408.33 -5,025.10 -6,850.27 -6,690.90 -5,195.51
3,566.62
9 MARINE 680.23 982.55 1,109.85 887.99 988.46 1,049.04
PRODUCTS
10 OFFICE 5.02 5.13 -2.45 18.28 26.52 32.60
EQUIPMENTS
511 OPTICAL, -924.00 -1,278.62 -1,433.29 -1,769.24 -1,865.08 -1,674.03
MEDICAL &
SURGICAL
INSTRUMENTS
12 ORES & -400.46 -317.57 -468.52 -571.31 -489.14 -357.38
MINERALS
13 PAPER & -649.37 -846.59 -1,207.88 -926.02 -943.02 -745.84
RELATED
PRODUCTS
14 PERTOLEUM 2,197.65 7,653.01 11,949.64 17,846.83 14,449.18 9,285.26
CRUDE &
PRODUCTS
15 PLANTATION 427.53 555.70 598.61 672.96 983.49 701.89
16 PLASTIC & -929.42 -1,062.16 -1,591.46 -1,318.21 -1,436.47 -1,129.69
RUBBER
ARTICLES
17 PROJECT GOODS -537.70 -386.87 -568.53 -293.54 -331.42 -136.41
18 SPORTS GOODS 38.22 56.89 51.89 38.28 37.99 10.41
19 TEXTILES & 5,272.02 7,016.77 6,781.95 6,109.15 6,699.80 4,980.42
ALLIED
PRODUCTS
20 TRANSPORT - -2,969.95 -4,104.42 -4,380.17 -4,408.28 -3,057.07
EQUIPMENTS 3,743.08
21 OTHERS -56.69 -18.84 78.35 -10.25 -57.86 -32.52
Total 1,654.20 13,568.37 13,792.00 14,510.59 15,173.09 5,126.34
*****
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