Executive Summary:
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change addressed Lok Sabha question 1211 regarding the MISHTI (Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes) scheme. As of 2023-2025, 26396.34 ha of degraded mangrove area have been brought under restoration efforts. The scheme involves mangrove restoration across multiple states and UTs, with financial allocations and specific interventions detailed, including community involvement in planning, planting, and monitoring.
Key Points / Main Content:
Mangrove Restoration Efforts:
* 26396.34 ha of degraded mangrove area restored during 2023-24 and 2024-25.
* 3836 ha area restored via gap funding from National CAMPA through MISHTI.
* 22560.34 hectares restored through convergence with State CAMPA, MGNREGS, and other schemes.
Financial Allocations and Targets:
* Details of area restoration and funds released through National CAMPA are in Annexure 1.
* Gujarat received ₹6.20 crores for 2500.00 ha of interventions.
* West Bengal received ₹3.74 crores for 478.00 ha of interventions.
* Kerala received ₹0.67 crores for 13.00 ha of interventions.
* Puducherry received ₹1.94 crores for 55.00 ha of interventions.
* Andhra Pradesh received ₹4.71 crores for 701.00 ha of interventions.
* Odisha received ₹0.70 crores for 89.00 ha of interventions.
Odisha Specifics:
* ₹0.70 Crores released to Odisha for mangrove restoration in Balasore, Bhadrak, Kendrapara, and Puri districts.
* 89 hectares to be covered under the scheme in Odisha.
* Junusnagar village (Kendrapara district) identified for plantation over 5 hectares.
* ₹4.69 lakh spent in 2024-25 for raising 13,750 seedlings.
* Targeted interventions include nursery raising, mangrove planting, backyard duckery, mangrove honey production, and tailoring initiatives.
Community Involvement:
* Local community participation is a key component of implementation.
* Multi-stakeholder workshops involve Forest Officials, local NGOs, Van Suraksha Samitis (VSS), Eco-Development Committees (EDC), Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI) members, academia, and government representatives.
* Regular community meetings, training, and awareness programs are provisioned.
* VSS and EDC members are encouraged to participate in nursery raising, planting, post-planting operations, and watch and ward activities.
Impact Analysis:
State Forest Departments:
* Impact: Responsible for implementing the MISHTI scheme, including identifying areas for restoration, managing funds, and coordinating with local communities.
* Action Required: Plan and execute mangrove restoration activities, manage allocated funds, and ensure community involvement.
Local Communities (including VSS and EDCs):
* Impact: Directly involved in the planning, planting, and monitoring of mangrove restoration efforts, with potential livelihood benefits.
* Action Required: Participate in community meetings, training sessions, nursery raising, planting, and monitoring activities.
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change:
* Impact: Oversees the implementation of the MISHTI scheme and provides financial support through National CAMPA.
* Action Required: Monitor the progress of mangrove restoration efforts and provide guidance and support to state forest departments.
National CAMPA:
* Impact: Provides gap funding for mangrove restoration activities under the MISHTI scheme.
* Action Required: Release funds to states based on approved plans and monitor the utilization of funds.
Key Entities Referenced
MISHTI Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats Tangible Incomes Scheme: A scheme focused on the restoration and development of mangrove forests, aiming to enhance shoreline habitats and provide tangible incomes.
National CAMPA: Likely refers to the National Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority, used as a source of gap funding for the MISHTI scheme.
MGNREGS: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, used in conjunction with other schemes for mangrove restoration.
Odisha: A state in India where mangrove restoration work is being undertaken under the MISHTI Scheme. Specifically Balasore, Bhadrak, Kendrapara, and Puri districts.
Kendrapara district: A district in Odisha, specifically around the Bhitarkanika mangrove region, where mangrove restoration efforts are focused.
Bhitarkanika mangrove region: A mangrove region in Kendrapara district, Odisha, targeted for mangrove restoration under the MISHTI Scheme.
EcoDevelopment Committee: Local committees involved in planning, planting, and monitoring mangrove restoration efforts. Includes Junusnagar EDC, Balabhadrapur EDC and Ajagarpatia.
Van Suraksha Samitis VSS: Forest Protection Committees, local organizations involved in mangrove protection and conservation.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1211
TO BE ANSWERED ON 28.07.2025
MISHTI Scheme
1211. SHRI BAIJAYANT PANDA:
Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to
state:
(a) the total area of mangrove forests restored or newly developed under the MISHTI
(Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes) Scheme during the
last two year and the current year;
(b) the details of the States and UTs that have received the highest financial allocations
and targets under this Scheme;
(c) the details of the mangrove restoration work undertaken specifically in Odisha,
including the area covered, funds allocated and targeted interventions in Kendrapara
district, particularly in and around the Bhitarkanika mangrove region; and
(d) the steps taken/proposed to be taken to involve local communities in planning,
planting and monitoring as part of MISHTI?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND
CLIMATE CHANGE
(SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH)
(a) A total of 26396.34 ha of degraded mangrove area have been brought under
restoration efforts during 2023-24 and 2024-25 which includes 3836 ha area
under gap funding from National CAMPA, through MISHTI (Mangrove
Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes) and 22560.34 hectares
through convergence with State CAMPA, MGNREGS, and other schemes.
(b) The details of the area and the funds released through National CAMPA are
provided under Annexure 1.
(c) A sum of ₹ 0.70 Crores has been released to the State of Odisha under the
MISHTI Scheme for mangrove restoration and plantation activities in four
districts, namely Balasore, Bhadrak, Kendrapara, and Puri. The total area being
covered under this scheme in Odisha is 89 hectares. In Kendrapara district
Junusnagar village, situated in and around the Bhitarkanika Mangrove Division,
has been identified for plantation over 5 hectares under the MISHTI Scheme.
An expenditure of ₹4.69 lakh has already been incurred during 2024-25 for
raising 13,750 seedlings. The targeted interventions by the Eco-Development
Committee (EDC)/ villages, including Junusnagar EDC, Balabhadrapur EDC,
Ajagarpatia, and other fringe villages, include activities like raising of nursery,planting of mangrove species and livelihood support activities such as backyard
duckery, mangrove honey production through beehive boxes, and tailoring
initiatives.
(d) Under the MISHTI Scheme, local community participation is a key component
of implementation. Multi-stakeholder awareness and sensitization workshops
are organized with the involvement of Forest Officials, local NGOs, Van
Suraksha Samitis (VSS), Eco-Development Committees (EDC), Panchayati Raj
Institution (PRI) members, academia, and representatives from various
government departments, focusing on mangrove protection and conservation.
Provision for regular community meetings, training sessions, and awareness
programmes to promote conservation and the sustainable management of
mangrove resources exist within the MISHTI scheme. Members of VSS and
EDCs are actively encouraged to participate in nursery raising, plantation, post-
planting operations, and watch and ward activities to strengthen local
commitment towards mangrove conservation and restoration.
*****Annexure 1
Annexure referred to in reply to part (b) of the Lok Sabha Un-Starred Question No. 1211 due
for reply on 28.07.2025 by Shri Baijayant Panda regarding “MISHTI Scheme”
Table: The details of the area brought under restoration and fund released to the States during
the FY 2024-25 as Gap-Funding from National CAMPA through MISHTI Scheme
S. No. State/UT No. of Area taken up for interventions Total funds released
districts under National CAMPA as 1st instalment
(in ha) (in ₹ crores)
1 Gujarat 02 2500.00 6.20
2 West Bengal 03 478.00 3.74
3 Kerala 01 13.00 0.67
4 Puducherry 03 55.00 1.94
5 Andhra Pradesh 06 701.00 4.71
6 Odisha 04 89.00 0.70
Total 3836.00 17.96
*****