Executive Summary:
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change addresses the measures taken by the Government of India to meet its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement and the current status of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). India is committed to combating climate change through various policies, schemes, and programs focused on adaptation and mitigation. India achieved 50% of its installed electric power capacity from non-fossil fuel sources in June 2025, ahead of the 2030 timeline.
Key Points / Main Content:
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs):
* India is committed to its NDCs under the Paris Agreement.
* Measures include policies, schemes, and programmes for adaptation and mitigation.
* Focus areas: clean energy promotion, energy efficiency enhancement, less carbon-intensive urban centers, waste to wealth promotion, green transportation, carbon sink creation, and climate resilience in agriculture, water resources, coastal regions, health, and disaster management.
* Citizen contributions are captured through Mission LiFE and initiatives like Ek Ped Maa Ke Nam.
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC):
* NAPCC is the overarching framework for climate actions.
* It comprises nine national missions: solar energy, enhanced energy efficiency, water, agriculture, Himalayan Ecosystem, sustainable habitat, green India, human health, and strategic knowledge on climate change.
* States and Union Territories (UTs) are supported in preparing State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCC) in line with the NAPCC.
* 34 States and UTs have prepared their SAPCCs.
* NAPCC missions have been revised to align with India's NDCs.
* Installed solar energy capacity increased from 2.82 GW in 2014 to 116.25 GW in June 2025.
* Emission intensity of India's GDP reduced by 36% between 2005 and 2020.
* Achieved 50% non-fossil fuel electric power capacity in June 2025, ahead of the 2030 goal.
Global Context:
* India is one of the few G20 nations on track to fulfil or surpass its NDCs.
Impact Analysis:
Government of India:
* Impact: Responsible for implementing policies, schemes, and programs to meet NDCs and NAPCC goals.
* Action Required: Continue implementing and revising policies to further climate action and sustainable development.
States and Union Territories (UTs):
* Impact: Required to align their State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCC) with the NAPCC.
* Action Required: Implement SAPCCs to address state-specific climate actions.
Citizens:
* Impact: Encouraged to contribute through Mission LiFE and other initiatives.
* Action Required: Participate in activities promoting sustainable lifestyles and environmental conservation.
Global Community:
* Impact: India's progress contributes to global efforts in combating climate change.
* Action Required: Acknowledge and support India's efforts in achieving its climate goals.
Key Entities Referenced
Nationally Determined Contributions: India's commitments under the Paris Agreement to reduce emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.
Paris Agreement: An international agreement to combat climate change.
National Action Plan on Climate Change: India's comprehensive plan addressing climate change through various missions.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: The international treaty under which the Paris Agreement was negotiated.
Mission LiFE Lifestyle for the Environment: An initiative promoting environmentally conscious lifestyles.
State Action Plans on Climate Change: Climate action plans prepared by individual States and Union Territories in India.
G20: A group of 20 major economies.
SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH: Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 59
TO BE ANSWERED ON 21.07.2025
Nationally Determined Contributions
59. SMT. MALA ROY:
Will the Minister of ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE be pleased to
state:
(a) the details of the measures taken by the Government to meet its Nationally
Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement; and
(b) the current status of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and its
eight missions?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND
CLIMATE CHANGE
(SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH)
(a) and (b)
The Government of India stands committed to combat climate change and has taken a
number of measures to meet India’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) submitted to
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) under the Paris
Agreement.
These measures include various policies, schemes and programmes launched from time to
time, to scale up India’s action on both, the adaptation and mitigation fronts. Appropriate
measures are being taken for promotion of clean energy, especially renewable energy,
enhancement of energy efficiency, development of less carbon intensive and resilient urban
centres, promotion of waste to wealth, safe, smart, and sustainable green transportation
network, creating carbon sink through enhanced forest and tree cover, and strengthening
climate resilience in agriculture, water resources, coastal regions, health, and disaster
management. India’s climate action also captures citizens’ contributions including those
through the activities under ‘Mission LiFE’ (Lifestyle for the Environment) and initiatives
like ‘Ek Ped Maa Ke Nam.’
The Government is implementing National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), which
is the overarching framework for climate actions. The NAPCC comprises of nine national
missions in specific areas of solar energy, enhanced energy efficiency, water, agriculture,
Himalayan Ecosystem, sustainable habitat, green India, human health, and strategic
knowledge on climate change. The Government is also supporting States and Union
Territories (UTs) for preparation of their respective State Action Plans on Climate Change
(SAPCC), in line with the strategy outlined in the NAPCC. To support the objectives of
NAPCC, 34 States and UTs have prepared their SAPCCs to address State specific actions.The missions under the NAPCC have been revised to align with India’s Nationally
Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement. The missions under NAPCC are
at various stages of implementation.
As a result, installed capacity of solar energy in India has increased more than 41 times,
from 2.82 GW in 2014 to 116.25 GW in June 2025. India has progressively continued
decoupling of economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions. The emission intensity of
India’s gross domestic product (GDP) has reduced by 36 per cent between 2005 and 2020.
In June 2025, India has reached a major milestone in its energy transition by achieving the
NDC goal of 50% of its installed electric power capacity from non-fossil fuel sources; five
years ahead of the committed timeline of 2030. This remarkable achievement highlights the
Government’s commitments to climate action and sustainable growth to become Viksit
Bharat@2047. India's progress is particularly noteworthy on the global stage. Despite having
one of the lowest per capita emissions in the world, India stands out as one of the few G20
nations, which are on track to fulfil or even surpass its NDC’s goals.
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