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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION AND LITERACY
RAJYA SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO-2123
ANSWERED ON – 11/03/2026
Outcomes of NEP, 2020
2123. Shri A. A. Rahim:
Will the Minister of Education be pleased to state:
(a) whether Government has conducted any national-level impact assessment to evaluate
whether the NEP, 2020 has improved access, equity and learning outcomes, and if so, the
details thereof;
(b) the year-wise data during last five years on dropout rates, enrolment in Government schools,
teacher vacancies and public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP;
(c) whether concerns have been raised by State Governments, regarding financial burden,
centralisation of power and institutional autonomy under NEP; and
(d) whether, in light of implementation gaps and structural concerns, Government proposes to
review and reconsider NEP, 2020 to prevent long-term adverse impact on public education?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
(SHRI JAYANT CHAUDHARY)
(a) Education features in the Concurrent list of the Constitution, with the majority of schools
falling under the administrative control of respective State Government and UT
Administration. The Ministry of Education (MoE) announced the National Education Policy
2020 (NEP 2020) on 29.07.2020 as the first education policy of the 21st century that aims to
address the many growing developmental imperatives of our country.
With a view to fulfill the recommendations of the NEP 2020, the Department of School
Education & Literacy implements the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Samagra Shiksha,
aligned with NEP, 2020 to support States and UTs in executing various interventions for
improving access, equity, quality of education and learning outcomes. The performance of
Samagra Shiksha was recently evaluated across key dimensions such as relevance,
effectiveness, impact and equity through a study conducted by the Development Monitoring
and Evaluation Office (DMEO), NITI Aayog.The evaluation report highlights that Samagra Shiksha has played a significant role in
improving access to schooling and advancing equity within the education system by supporting
a range of interventions across the school education continuum from pre-primary to senior
secondary levels. It notes that the scheme has enabled expansion and upgrading of school
infrastructure, improved availability of classrooms and basic facilities and strengthened
provisions for inclusive education in underserved and remote areas. The Scheme is designed
to be highly responsive to the diverse needs of its beneficiaries by embedding equity, inclusion
and quality at the core of its interventions. The report further notes that the scheme’s planning
and monitoring systems, supported by platforms such as UDISE+ and PRABANDH, have
strengthened data-driven decision-making and enabled States/UTs to identify gaps in access
and participation.
Besides this, the findings of the PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan conducted on 4th
December 2024 (available at https://dashboard.parakh.ncert.gov.in/en), highlight a significant
improvement when compared to National Achievement Survey (NAS) 2021 scores in
foundational literacy and numeracy skills, thereby, reflecting the positive impact of the NIPUN
Bharat Mission launched under NEP 2020.
(b) The Department of School Education and Literacy (DoSEL), Ministry of Education has
developed the Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) to collect
data on educational indicators from all States and UTs. Based on NEP 2020 recommendations,
UDISE+ was revamped from 2022–23 to capture individual student-wise data and create a
student registry. This shift makes comparisons with previous years statistically different and
inchoate. In this backdrop, data from UDISE+ on dropout rates by stage of schooling and
enrollment in Government Schools from 2020-21 to 2024-25 is given below:
Year Enrollment in Government Drop Out Rate
Schools (Pre-Primary to 12)
Primary (1 Upper Secondary
to 5) Primary (6-8) (9-10)
2020-21 13,49,04,560 0.76 2.27 14.04
2021-22 14,32,40,480 1.45 3.02 12.61
2022-23 13,62,04,917 7.8 8.1 16.4
2023-24 12,74,90,199 1.9 5.2 14.1
2024-25 12,15,89,911 0.3 3.5 11.5
The recruitment, deployment, service conditions and professional development of
teachers primarily fall under the administrative control of the respective State Governments
and Union Territory Administrations. As per the UDISE+ 2024-25, the State-wise details ofteachers in position across all school managements are available at
https://udiseplus.gov.in/b1dea7de-69a0-4636-87b7-be21a85db0e6.
As per “Analysis of Budgeted Expenditure on Education 2020-21 to 2022-23” released
by the Statistics Wing of the Ministry of Education, public expenditure on education (Central
and States/UTs) as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is 4.06%. Concerted efforts,
in collaboration with the States/UTs have been made by the Government of India to increase
spending in education, as is evident from the consistent increase in Budget Allocation of the
Ministry of Education from Rs.93,224.31 crore in F.Y. 2021-22 to Rs. 1,39,289.48 crore in
2026-27 (an increase of 49.4% in 5 years). (LS USQ 2642 for 9.3.2026)
(c) & (d) The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has been launched on 29.07.2020 after
detailed and extensive consultation with all stakeholders including Gram Panchayats, Blocks,
Urban Local Bodies, Districts and States/Union Territories Governments, Hon'ble Members of
Parliament, public etc. To review and discuss innovative ideas for NEP implementation, a
series of workshops / consultation-cum-review meetings have been held with States/UTs,
Educational Institutions and other stakeholders from time to time. Besides, the policy’s
implementation has been discussed in various other prominent forums and platforms. These
consultations have witnessed positive and encouraging feedback from stakeholders on NEP
2020.
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