**Executive Summary**
This report outlines the policy and institutional measures undertaken by the Government of India over the past three years to strengthen the science and technology ecosystem. Key developments include the approval of the BioE3 Policy in 2024, the Indian Space Policy in 2023, and the National Geospatial Policy in 2022. The document details institutional reforms and mission-mode initiatives designed to foster innovation, private sector investment, and development in emerging technology sectors.
**Key Points / Main Content**
**Biotechnology and Manufacturing**
* **BioE3 Policy (August 2024):** India’s first biotechnology policy focusing on economy, environment, and employment.
* **Thematic Focus:** Targets high-performance biomanufacturing in areas such as bio-based chemicals, smart proteins, precision biotherapeutics (including cell and gene therapy), and climate-resilient agriculture.
**Space and Geospatial Reforms**
* **Indian Space Policy (April 2023):** Provides a level playing field for Non-Government Entities (NGEs) across the entire space activity value chain to boost "Make in India" initiatives.
* **National Geospatial Policy (December 2022):** Liberalizes and democratizes access to geospatial data and services for use across governance, business, and academia.
**Institutional and Financing Reforms**
* **Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF):** Established to provide strategic direction to research, innovation, and entrepreneurship.
* **RDI Scheme:** Operationalized the Research, Development and Innovation scheme to incentivize private sector investment in projects with higher Technology Readiness Levels.
**Mission-Mode Initiatives and Emerging Technologies**
* **Strategic Missions:** Continued advancement of the National Quantum Mission, IndiaAI Mission, and the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS).
* **Sector Identification:** The government has identified several critical areas for development, including semiconductors, artificial intelligence, robotics, electric mobility, and clean energy technologies.
**Impact Analysis**
**Private Sector and Non-Government Entities (NGEs)**
* **Impact:** They gain a level playing field in the space sector and are incentivized to invest in higher Technology Readiness Level (TRL) research through the RDI scheme.
* **Action Required:** Entities should leverage the liberalized space and geospatial frameworks to participate in the commercial ecosystem and apply for RDI incentives.
**Research and Academic Institutions**
* **Impact:** These stakeholders benefit from democratized access to geospatial data and new strategic direction provided by the ANRF.
* **Action Required:** Researchers must align their projects with the government’s identified thematic areas—such as biomanufacturing and quantum technologies—to access funding and institutional support.
**Government and Public Sector**
* **Impact:** Enhanced capabilities in governance through the use of geospatial data and the promotion of "Make in India" in high-tech sectors.
* **Action Required:** Agencies must implement mission-mode programmes and institutional mechanisms to support the identified emerging technology areas.
Key Entities Referenced
BioE3 Policy: India's first biotechnology policy focused on fostering high-performance biomanufacturing across thematic areas like bio-based chemicals, biopharmaceuticals, and climate-resilient agriculture.
Indian Space Policy, 2023: A policy framework that enables the participation of Non-Government Entities across the space sector value chain to foster a commercial space ecosystem.
Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF): An institutional body established to provide strategic direction to research, innovation, and entrepreneurship through institutional and financing reforms.
National Geospatial Policy, 2022: A policy aimed at liberalizing and democratizing access to geospatial data and services to foster innovation across governance and academia.
National Quantum Mission: A mission-mode initiative focused on strengthening capabilities, translational research, and commercialization within the field of quantum technologies.
Ministry of Science & Technology
PARLIAMENT QUESTION: POLICIES
FORMULATED RELATING TO SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
Posted On: 18 MAR 2026 3:55PM by PIB Delhi
During the past three years, the Government has undertaken important policy and institutional measures to
strengthen the science and technology ecosystem. The Union Cabinet approved the BioE3 (Biotechnology
for Economy, Environment and Employment) Policy on 24 August 2024 as India’s first biotechnology
policy, to foster high-performance biomanufacturing across six thematic areas (i) Bio-based chemicals,
biopolymers, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and enzymes, (ii) Smart proteins and functional
foods, (iii) Precision biotherapeutics (cell & gene therapy, mRNA therapeutics and monoclonal
antibodies), (iv) Climate-resilient agriculture, (v) Carbon capture and utilization; and (vi) Futuristic
marine and space research.
The Government also brought out the Indian Space Policy, 2023 in April 2023, which provides a level
playing field for Non-Government Entities in the space sector by enabling their participation across the
entire value chain of space activities, fostering a commercial space ecosystem, and boosting "Make in
India" initiatives. The National Geospatial Policy, 2022, notified on 28 December 2022, aims to liberalize
and democratize access to geospatial data and services, foster innovation, enable its widespread use across
governance, businesses and academia.
The Government has also advanced institutional and financing reforms for research and innovation
through the establishment of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) to provide
strategic direction to research, innovation and entrepreneurship, and through the operationalisation of the
Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) scheme to incentivise private sector investment in higher
Technology Readiness Level research and innovation projects. In addition, mission-mode initiatives such
as National Quantum Mission, the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-
ICPS), and the IndiaAI Mission have been taken forward to strengthen emerging technology capabilities,
translational research, startup support and commercialization.
The Government has identified several new and emerging areas of development in science and
technology. These include quantum technologies, artificial intelligence, machine learning,
cybersecurity, Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, medical devices and diagnostics, cyber-physical
systems, electric mobility, critical minerals, geospatial technologies, carbon capture, utilization and
storage (CCUS), biotechnology, biomanufacturing, synthetic biology, circular economy technologies,
clean energy technologies, blue economy, space technologies, and semiconductors. These areas are
being advanced through a combination of policy support, institutional mechanisms, mission-mode
programmes, and innovation and research funding initiatives.This information was given by the Minister of State (Independent charge) for the Ministry of Science and
Technology & Earth Sciences Dr. Jitendra Singh in a written reply in the Lok Sabha today.
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