Parliament Question: Public and Private Spending on R&D

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3148 ANSWERED ON 11/03/2026 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPENDING ON R&D 3148. SHRI RAO RAJENDRA SINGH: Will the Minister of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state: (a) the details of public spending on research and development during the last five years; (b) whether the Government is taking any steps to encourage public institutions to spend more on research and development in their respective domains and if so, the details thereof; and (c) whether similar initiatives are also being taken to encourage private players to invest in research and development and if so, the details thereof? ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND EARTH SCIENCES (DR. JITENDRA SINGH) (a) The public spending on research and development by the 6 major scientific departments/agencies during the last five years is as below: (Rs. Crore) Department 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25* Department of 4893.56 5140.26 4436.26 4002.67 5661.45 Science & Technology (DST) Department of 4198.82 5122.99 5852.14 6088.57 6350.54 Scientific & Industrial Research/ Council of Scientific Research (DSIR/CSIR) Department of Bio- 2259.10 2850.73 2044.74 1467.34 2460.13 Technology (DBT) Department of 9474.41 12473.84 10139.43 10704.07 11725.75 Space (DOS) Page 1 of 2(Rs. Crore) Department 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25* Department of 5913.91 6111.46 7006.76 7337.42 9226.66 Atomic Energy (R&D Sector) Ministry of Earth 1274.54 2184.43 1568.86 2394.56 3632.78 Sciences (MoES) Total 28014.34 33883.71 31048.19 31994.63 39057.31 Source: Demand for Grants of Central Government, Expenditure Budget, GoI (Various Years) *revised estimates (b) to (c): The Government is taking several steps to encourage Research and Development (R&D) spending and strengthening research capabilities in both public and private institutions across the country through enhanced funding, institutional reforms and focused mission-mode initiatives. The key steps include: successive increase in allocations for scientific departments; financial assistance to R&D institutions to carry out basic and applied research in the frontier and emerging areas of science and technology; creating avenues for collaborative research funding through portfolio-based funding mechanisms such as Public-Private-Partnerships and other innovative hybrid funding mechanisms; allowing corporate sector to make R&D investments under the provision of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), including support for incubators, institutional research, and national laboratories; etc. Further, some major initiatives include: launch of ₹1.0 lakh crore Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Fund to provide financial support to private industries for research and innovation in the critical areas that are vital for national development and global competitiveness; establishment of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) with a budgetary provision of Rs. 14,000 crore from Central Government and mobilizing additional funding from non-governmental sources; launch of National Missions such as National Quantum Missions (budget outlay: Rs. 6,003.65 crore); National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (budget outlay Rs. 3,660 crore), India Semiconductor Mission (budget outlay Rs. 76,000 crore), National Supercomputing Mission; etc. Additionally, enabling policy frameworks like the Geospatial Policy 2022, Space Policy 2023, and BioE3 Policy 2024 have been introduced to enhance spending in national R&D and drive innovation in critical areas. ***** Page 2 of 2