**Executive Summary**
The document is a response to a parliamentary question regarding the Ministry of Earth Sciences' research and development efforts in meteorological and oceanic services. It highlights the ministry's activities including installations of advanced computing facilities and monitoring systems for weather forecasting, tsunami detection, and ocean observation. A wet test of a 500m depth-rated system was conducted in January-February 2025.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **Advanced Computing and Infrastructure:**
* Advanced High Performance Computing facilities (Arka, Arunika) installed at IITM-Pune and NCMRWF-Noida for meteorological and oceanic R&D.
* Installation of radars, lidar, and sodar systems across India.
* **Tsunami Early Warning System:**
* Operated by INCOIS.
* Integrates a network of 17 broadband seismic stations, 7 deep-ocean tsunami buoys, and 36 coastal tide gauges.
* 35 GNSS receiver and strong-motion accelerometer locations across Andaman & Nicobar Islands for rapid earthquake source parameter estimation.
* **Ocean Monitoring:**
* Network of 16 Directional Wave Rider buoys for wind-wave activity monitoring.
* Network of coastal Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers for coastal current measurement.
* Acquisition of ocean observation equipment (Sea Gliders, CTD, etc.).
* Dedicated National Glider Facility at INCOIS.
* High-performance computing facility to run numerical ocean models.
* Ministry owns six research vessels for ocean research/survey.
* **Deep Ocean Mission Vertical 2:**
* Aims to provide future projections/predictions on sea level trends, cyclone intensity/frequency, storm surges, wind waves, biogeochemistry, and ecosystems along the Indian coast.
* Focuses on developing numerical models for climate projections and coastal inundation estimation.
* An interim report titled "Projected Climate Change-Induced Extreme Sea Levels and Coastal Vulnerability along the Indian Coasts" was published by INCOIS.
* **Samudrayaan Mission:**
* Objective is to develop Matsya 6000, a 6000 m depth-rated human scientific submersible.
* Designed to carry three persons for a 12-hour mission with 96 hours of emergency support.
* Technological features include a titanium alloy cabin, lithium-polymer batteries, ballast management system, and high-definition equipment.
* **Wet Test:**
* A wet test was carried out for the 500 m depth-rated system by MoES-NIOT during January-February 2025.
* Mission-critical systems are qualified in shallow waters at L&T Shipyard, Kattupalli.
**Impact Analysis**
**Ministry of Earth Sciences**
* **Impact:** Responsible for implementing and overseeing the R&D activities related to meteorological and oceanic services.
* **Action Required:** Continue supporting and expanding the described infrastructure and research programs.
**Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM)-Pune) and National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF)-Noida)**
* **Impact:** These organizations will benefit from the new computing facilities to enhance their research and forecasting capabilities.
* **Action Required:** Utilize the advanced computing resources to improve weather and ocean forecasting models.
**Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS)**
* **Impact:** INCOIS is responsible for operating the Tsunami Early Warning System and maintaining the ocean monitoring infrastructure.
* **Action Required:** Continue to maintain and upgrade the tsunami warning system and ocean observation networks, and disseminate information effectively.
**Researchers and Scientists**
* **Impact:** The initiatives will provide better tools and infrastructure for conducting research in meteorology and oceanography.
* **Action Required:** Utilize the available resources to advance scientific understanding and develop improved forecasting models.
**Coastal Communities**
* **Impact:** These communities benefit from improved weather forecasting, tsunami warnings, and coastal inundation predictions.
* **Action Required:** Be aware of the available early warning systems and take appropriate measures in case of emergencies.
Key Entities Referenced
Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS): Operates the Indian Tsunami Early Warning System and provides various ocean information services.
Ministry of Earth Sciences: Primary ministry overseeing meteorological and oceanic research and services.
Deep Ocean Mission Vertical 2: A component of the Deep Ocean Mission aimed at future projections or predictions on sea level trends along the Indian coast and development of related numerical models.
Samudrayaan: India's mission to develop a 6000 m depth-rated human scientific submersible, Matsya 6000.
Pune: Location of the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM)
Ministry of Earth Sciences
PARLIAMENT QUESTION: R&D FOR
METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANIC SERVICES
प्रव तथ: 11 DEC 2025 4:44PM by PIB Delhi
The advanced High Performance Computing (HPC; Arka and Arunika) facilities have been installed at the
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM)-Pune and the National Centre for Medium Range
Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF)-Noida, under the Ministry, to support the R&D activities related to
meteorological and oceanic services in the country. Apart from this, the Ministry has also installed other
instruments across India, including radars, lidar, and sodar systems.
The Indian Tsunami Early Warning System, operated by the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information
Services (INCOIS) under the Ministry, integrates a robust real-time monitoring network that includes 17
broadband seismic stations, seven deep-ocean tsunami buoys, and 36 coastal tide gauges to detect
tsunamigenic earthquakes and monitor tsunami waves. INCOIS has also installed GNSS receivers and
strong-motion accelerometers at 35 locations across the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, enabling rapid
estimation of earthquake source parameters using near-field ground displacement data.
INCOIS also maintains a network of 16 Directional Wave Rider buoys to monitor and forecast wind-wave
activities along the entire Indian coast. With support from the National Institute of Oceanography, Goa,
INCOIS maintains a network of coastal Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers to measure coastal currents
continuously. INCOIS has acquired many state-of-the-art ocean observation equipment, such as Sea
Gliders, Direct Covariance Flux System, underway CTD, Vertical Microstructure Profilers, etc., for
making specific observations for understanding oceanographic processes. INCOIS also established a
dedicated National Glider Facility, wet and dry labs at the INCOIS campus. INCOIS has configured a
suite of numerical ocean models for understanding the ocean processes and making short-term predictions
of essential oceanographic parameters. INCOIS established a high-performance computing facility to run
the numerical ocean models required for providing early warnings and advisories in the oceanic realm.
The Ministry has six research vessels of its own. These six vessels are used for ocean research/survey.
Objectives of Deep Ocean Mission Vertical 2 is to provide the future projections or predictions on the
trends in sea level along the Indian coast, cyclone intensity and frequency, storm surges, wind waves,
biogeochemistry, and ecosystem. The scope of this vertical includes developing numerical models for the
dynamic downscaling the climate projections, identifying the most suitable atmospheric forcing for
integrating ocean climate projection models, and developing methods to estimate the projected changes in
coastal inundation due to various extreme events. An interim report titled 'Projected Climate Change-
Induced Extreme Sea Levels and Coastal Vulnerability along the Indian Coasts' has been published as a
technical report by INCOIS.
The objective of India's Samudrayaan mission is to develop a 6000 m depth-rated human scientific
submersible, Matsya 6000. It is being built to carry three persons for a mission period of 12 hours and
cater 96 hours of emergency. The technological features include 80 mm thick titanium alloy human cabin,electron-beam welded titanium alloy exostructure, pressure-balanced lithium-polymer batteries, human-
rated ballast management system, digital-twin aided emergency decision support system, and high-
definition lights and cameras.
A wet test was carried out for the 500 m depth-rated system by MoES-NIOT during January-February
2025, and mission-critical systems are qualified in the shallow waters of the L&T Shipyard, Kattupalli.
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NKR/AK
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