**Executive Summary**
This document summarizes the Government of India's efforts to reduce Left Wing Extremism (LWE) as of December 16, 2025. It details the strategies and initiatives undertaken, including the National Policy and Action Plan, security measures, and development interventions. The document also provides data on LWE related violence, arrests, surrenders, and infrastructure development.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **National Policy and Action Plan:**
* A "National Policy and Action Plan to address LWE" was approved in 2015.
* It involves a multi-pronged strategy including security measures, development interventions, and ensuring rights of local communities.
* **Security Measures:**
* The Government of India (GoI) assists LWE affected State Governments by providing Central Armed Police Forces, India Reserve Battalions, helicopter support, training, funds for modernization, and intelligence sharing.
* Rs. 3523.48 crore has been released to LWE affected states since 2014-15 for operational expenditure and training.
* Rs. 1757 crore sanctioned for strengthening State's Special Forces, State Intelligence Branches, District Police, and Fortified Police Stations.
* 656 fortified police stations have been built in the last decade and 377 new security camps have been established in core LWE affected areas in last six years
* The details for these new security camps are presented in Annexure I.
* **Surrender and Rehabilitation:**
* GoI and State Governments have formulated comprehensive surrender-cum-rehabilitation policies.
* The GoI supports states through the Security Related Expenditure (SRE) Scheme, reimbursing expenses for rehabilitation of surrenderees.
* Rehabilitation includes an immediate grant of Rs. 5 lakhs for higher ranked LWE cadres and Rs 2.5 lakhs for other LWE cadres.
* Incentives for surrender of weapons/ammunition are also provided, along with a monthly stipend of Rs. 10,000/- for three years for vocational training.
* **Development Interventions:**
* Several LWE affected areas specific initiatives have been taken with special thrust on expansion of road network, improving telecommunication connectivity, education, skill development and financial inclusion.
* 14,987 km of roads have been constructed under LWE specific schemes.
* 9,118 telecom towers have been commissioned in LWE affected areas.
* 46 Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) and 49 Skill Development Centres (SDC) have been opened.
* 179 Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) have been made functional.
* 6,025 Post Offices with banking services, 1804 Bank Branches and 1321 ATMs have been opened in LWE affected districts.
* Rs. 3,912.98 crore has been released under Special Central Assistance (SCA) scheme since 2017 to fill critical gaps in public infrastructure.
* **Impact and Statistics:**
* National Policy and Action Plan 2015 has resulted in decline in violence and constriction of geographical spread.
* LWE related violence incidents have decreased by 89% from 2010 to 2025.
* Deaths of civilians & Security Forces have decreased by 91% from 2010 to 2025.
* Naxal-affected districts reduced from 126 in 10 States in 2014 to 11 in 05 States in 2025.
* 27 districts have been kept under the scope of SRE as ‘Legacy & Thrust Districts' to prevent CPI(Maoist) resurgence.
* Year-wise details of LWEs arrested, surrendered, and killed are provided in Annexure II.
**Impact Analysis**
**State Governments**
* **Impact:**
* States are supported by the GoI in their efforts to counter LWE through financial assistance, provision of security forces, and various schemes.
* **Action Required:**
* States need to effectively implement the surrender-cum-rehabilitation policies and utilize the funds provided for security and development purposes.
**Local Communities in LWE Affected Areas**
* **Impact:**
* Local communities benefit from development interventions such as improved infrastructure, education, and financial inclusion.
* **Action Required:**
* Local communities are encouraged to engage with the government and security forces, participate in development programs, and cooperate to ensure lasting peace and stability.
**Security Forces**
* **Impact:**
* Security forces are supported with resources and training to enhance their capabilities in countering LWE activities.
* **Action Required:**
* Security forces need to continue their coordinated efforts with State Police and Central agencies, focus on financial choking of LWEs, and maintain vigilance to prevent resurgence.
**LWE Cadres**
* **Impact:**
* LWE cadres are presented with the opportunity to surrender and reintegrate into society through comprehensive rehabilitation packages.
* **Action Required:**
* LWE cadres are encouraged to take advantage of the surrender-cum-rehabilitation policies and contribute to the overall peace and development of the affected regions.
Key Entities Referenced
Left Wing Extremism (LWE): Refers to the Naxalite insurgency affecting several states in India; the focus of the policy is to reduce and counter LWE activities.
National Policy and Action Plan to address LWE: A comprehensive strategy approved in 2015 by the Government of India to address Left Wing Extremism, involving security measures and development interventions.
Ministry of Home Affairs: The central ministry primarily responsible for addressing and monitoring the Left Wing Extremism situation in India.
Security Related Expenditure (SRE) scheme: A scheme to provide funds to states for various measures to counter LWE, including rehabilitation of surrendered cadres.
Constitution of India, Seventh Schedule: The reference to the Seventh Schedule indicates that police and public order are primarily state subjects, influencing the framework of the policy.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2682
TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 16TH DECEMBER, 2025/ AGRAHAYANA 25, 1947
(SAKA)
REDUCTION IN LEFT WING EXTREMISM AND IMPACT OF COUNTER-LWE
MEASURES
†2682. SHRI DARSHAN SINGH CHOUDHARY:
SHRI HARIBHAI PATEL:
SHRI MAHESH KASHYAP:
Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state:
(a) the reduction registered in the number of Left Wing Extremism (LWE)
affected and 'highly affected' districts over the last decade and the
factors identified by the Government for this reduction;
(b) the details and the number of Forward Operating Bases or security
camps set up in LWE affected areas, year-wise along with the assessment
of the Government of their role in restricting extremist activities;
(c) the current number of LWE, Cadres killed, arrested and surrenderd with
the comparative figures from previous years;
(d) whether the Government has evaluated the impact of developmental
interventions and welfare scheme under the National Action Plan for Left
Wing Extremism; and
(e) if so, the details thereof?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
(SHRI NITYANAND RAI)
(a) to (e):
(i) As per Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India, subjects of
Police and Public Order are with the State Governments. However, the-2-
L.S.US.Q.NO. 2682 FOR 16.12.2025
Government of India (GoI) has been supplementing the efforts of States
affected by Left Wing Extremism (LWE). To address the LWE menace
holistically, a “National Policy and Action Plan to address LWE” was
approved in 2015. It envisages a multi-pronged strategy involving security
related measures, development interventions, ensuring rights and
entitlements of local communities etc. The government’s focus on
development in tribal and remote areas has addressed the root cause of
Naxalism. Improved law and order and security situation, accompanied by
investment in infrastructure has created an enabling environment for
enhanced economic development including increase in public/private
investment.
(ii) On security front, the GoI assists the LWE affected State
Government by providing Central Armed Police Forces battalions and
sanctioning of India Reserve Battalions, helicopter support, strengthening
of camp infrastructure, training, funds for modernization of State police
forces, equipment & arms, sharing of intelligence, construction of
Fortified Police Stations etc.
- For capacity building of states since 2014-15, Rs.3523.48 crore have
been released to LWE affected states on operational expenditure and-3-
L.S.US.Q.NO. 2682 FOR 16.12.2025
training needs of Security Forces, rehabilitation of surrendered LWE
cadre, ex-gratia to families of civilians killed in LWE violence/martyred
security force personnel etc. under Security Related Expenditure (SRE)
scheme. Works of Rs. 1757 crore have been sanctioned to LWE affected
states for strengthening of State’s Special Forces, State Intelligence
Branches (SIBs), District Police and construction of Fortified Police
Stations (FPS) under Special Infrastructure Scheme (SIS).
- To encourage LWEs to join the mainstream, GoI and State
Governments have formulated comprehensive surrender-cum-
rehabilitation policies. The GoI also supports the States in the endeavor
through ‘Surrender-cum-Rehabilitation’ Policy as part of Security Related
Expenditure (SRE) Scheme. The GoI reimburses the expenditure incurred
by the LWE affected States on rehabilitation of surrenderees under the
SRE Scheme. The rehabilitation package inter-alia, includes an
immediate grant of Rs. 5 lakhs for higher ranked LWE cadres and Rs 2.5
lakhs for other LWE cadres. In addition, incentives for surrender of
weapons/ammunition are also provided under the Scheme. In addition,
provision also exists for imparting training in trade/vocation of their liking
with monthly stipend of Rs. 10,000/- for three years. The affected States-4-
L.S.US.Q.NO. 2682 FOR 16.12.2025
have further revised their Surrender cum Rehabilitation policies to make
them lucrative and contemporary.
- The efforts of the States for equipping and modernizing their police
forces have been supplemented under the scheme of “Assistance to
States & UTs for Modernization of Police”. Under the scheme, central
assistance is provided to the State Governments for weapons, equipment
for Information Technology, Communication, Training, construction of
Police stations, mobility and construction of police housing and other
police infrastructure etc.
- There has been a special focus on the financial choking of LWEs and
unearthing of the nexus between CPI (Maoists) and its financial
supporters. For effective action towards choking of funds and other
resources to LWE, coordinated actions are being taken by State Police in
cooperation with Central agencies by various means.
- The GoI’s focus on security infrastructure has been pivotal. In the
last decade 656 fortified police stations have been built. In last six years
377 new security camps have been established in core LWE affected-5-
L.S.US.Q.NO. 2682 FOR 16.12.2025
areas. The year-wise details of security camps set up in LWE regions is
at Annexure I.
(iii) On development front, apart from the flagship schemes of Government
of India (GoI), several LWE affected areas specific initiatives have been
taken with special thrust on expansion of road network, improving
telecommunication connectivity, education, skill development and
financial inclusion. A few of these are enumerated below:
- For expansion of road network, 14,987 km have been constructed
under 02 LWE specific schemes namely Road Requirement Plan (RRP)
and Road Connectivity Project for LWE Affected Areas (RCPLWEA).
- For improving telecom connectivity in LWE affected areas 9,118
towers have been commissioned.
- For Skill Development, 46 Industrial Training Institute (ITI) and 49
Skill Development Centres (SDC) have been opened.
- For quality education in tribal areas 179 Eklavya Model Residential
Schools (EMRS) have been made functional.
- For financial inclusion, Department of Posts has opened 6,025 Post
Offices with banking services in LWE affected districts. 1804 Bank
Branches and 1321 ATMs have been opened in Most LWE affected
districts.-6-
L.S.US.Q.NO. 2682 FOR 16.12.2025
- For further impetus to development, funds are provided for filling
critical gaps in public infrastructure in Most LWE affected Districts under
Special Central Assistance (SCA) scheme. Till now, Rs. 3,912.98 crore
have been released since the inception of Scheme in 2017.
(iv) The resolute implementation of the National Policy and Action Plan
2015 has resulted in consistent decline in violence and constriction of
geographical spread. LWE which has been a serious challenge to the
internal security of the nation has been significantly curbed in the recent
times and has been constricted to only a few pockets. The LWE related
violence incidents have come down from high of 2010 by 89% (2010:1936,
2025:222) in 2025. Resultant deaths of civilians & Security Forces have
come down from high of 2010 by 91% (2010:1005, 2025:95) in 2025. The
number Naxal-affected districts reduced from 126 in 10 States in 2014 to
11 in 05 States in 2025, with only 3 districts now categorized as most
LWE-affected. However, to restrict CPI(Maoist) to bounce back in the
areas recently taken away from LWE influence, 27 districts have been
kept under the scope of SRE as ‘Legacy & Thrust Districts’.
(v) The year wise details of the LWEs arrested, surrendered and killed in
the country during 01.01.2014 to 01.12.2025 is given at Annexure II.
*****-7-
L.S.US.Q.NO. 2682 FOR 16.12.2025
Annexure I
SF Camps established in LWE States since 2019
Year No. of camps
2019 24
2020 40
2021 51
2022 66
2023 51
2024 71
2025 74
Total 377-8-
L.S.US.Q.NO. 2682 FOR 16.12.2025
Annexure II
Achievements in Counter LWE Operations
Year LWEs LWEs Arrested LWEs
Killed Surrendered
2014 63 1696 676
2015 89 1668 570
2016 222 1840 1442
2017 136 1888 685
2018 225 1933 644
2019 145 1276 440
2020 103 1110 475
2021 126 1153 736
2022 57 816 496
2023 50 924 376
2024 290 1090 881
2025 335 942 2167
(till 01.12.2025)
Total 1841 16336 9588
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