Executive Summary:
This document is a response to a parliamentary question regarding the implementation of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 across India. It clarifies that NEP 2020, announced on July 29, 2020, is being implemented through collaborative efforts between the central and state governments, with different timelines and methodologies. The Ministry of Education, along with various state governments and educational bodies, has initiated several schemes and programs aligned with NEP 2020. The budget allocation for the Ministry of Education has increased from Rs. 93,224.31 Crore in 2021-22 to Rs. 1,28,650.05 Crore in 2025-26.
Key Points / Main Content:
Implementation of NEP 2020:
* NEP 2020 is being implemented across all states through joint monitoring and collaborative efforts between the Centre and States.
* NEP 2020 provides different timelines, principles, and methodologies for implementation.
Responsibilities and Initiatives:
* The Centre and States are equally responsible for providing quality education.
* The Ministry of Education, State Governments, and educational bodies like UGC, AICTE, NCTE, NCERT, and CBSE are taking initiatives for implementation.
* The Department of School Education & Literacy is implementing the Samagra Shiksha scheme, providing financial assistance to states and UTs.
* The Department of Higher Education launched RUSA as PM-USHA in June 2023 with an outlay of Rs. 12926.10 crore for 2023-24 to 2025-26.
Teacher Capacity Building and Deployment:
* Recruitment and deployment of teachers are under the purview of State Governments/UT Administrations.
* Teacher capacity building is addressed through NISHTHA, covering all stages of school education, including ECCE.
* The Malaviya Mission Teacher Training Program has been launched in Higher Education for faculty professional development.
Infrastructure and Resources:
* Financial assistance is provided under the Samagra Shiksha scheme for conducive learning environments, libraries, sports, ICT, and remedial teaching.
* Budget allocation of the Ministry of Education has increased to Rs. 1,28,650.05 Crore for the year 2025-26.
Impact Analysis:
States/UTs:
* Impact: Responsible for implementing NEP 2020 reforms in schools and HEIs under their administrative control, including teacher recruitment and deployment. Will also receive financial assistance through Samagra Shiksha and PM-USHA.
* Action Required: Implement NEP 2020 guidelines, utilize financial assistance for improving infrastructure and learning environments, and ensure appropriate teacher deployment.
Educational Institutions (Schools, Colleges, Universities):
* Impact: Required to align their practices and curricula with the guidelines and reforms outlined in NEP 2020.
* Action Required: Adopt NEP 2020 reforms in curriculum and teaching methodologies.
Teachers/Faculty:
* Impact: Will benefit from capacity-building programs like NISHTHA and the Malaviya Mission Teacher Training Program.
* Action Required: Participate in capacity-building programs to enhance skills and knowledge.
Ministry of Education:
* Impact: Responsible for monitoring and facilitating the implementation of NEP 2020 across the country.
* Action Required: Continue to align schemes and projects with NEP 2020, and allocate and disburse funds effectively.
Key Entities Referenced
National Education Policy 2020: A national policy document that stipulates reforms for implementation across all states through joint monitoring and collaborative efforts between the Centre and States.
Ministry of Education: The central government ministry responsible for education and the implementation of NEP 2020.
University Grants Commission: A statutory body responsible for the coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of university education in India.
All India Council for Technical Education: A statutory body and a national-level council for technical education, under the Department of Higher Education.
National Council for Teacher Education: A statutory body that defines the standards for teacher education programs.
National Council of Educational Research and Training: An autonomous organization responsible for assisting and advising the Central and State Governments on policies and programs for qualitative improvement in school education.
Samagra Shiksha: A scheme implemented by the Department of School Education and Literacy to provide financial assistance to states and UTs for interventions in school education.
Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan: A centrally sponsored scheme to fund state government universities and colleges, now in its third phase as Pradhan Mantri Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (PMUSHA).
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3641
ANSWERED ON 11.08.2025
Reforms in NEP 2020
†3641. Shri Azad Kirti Jha:
Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:
(a) whether the reforms proposed under NEP 2020 are being implemented non-uniformly across the
States; and
(b) whether the shortage of teachers, inadequate infrastructure and lack of financial resources are
causing hindrance in achieving the goals set in the policy?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
(DR. SUKANTA MAJUMDAR)
(a) and (b): The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) announced on 29.07.2020 is the first
education policy of the 21st century and aims to address the many growing developmental
imperatives of our country. NEP 2020 stipulates a number of reforms for its implementation across
all States through joint monitoring and collaborative efforts between the Centre and States.
NEP 2020 provides different timelines as well as principles and methodology for its implementation.
Education being in the concurrent list of Constitution, Centre and States are equally responsible for
providing quality education to all. Accordingly, Ministry of Education, State Governments,
education-related Ministries, the regulatory and implementing bodies of school and higher education
such as University Grants Commission, All India Council for Technical Education, National Council
for Teacher Education, National Council of Educational Research and Training, Central Board of
Secondary Education, Universities/Colleges/Schools etc. have taken initiatives for implementation
of NEP 2020.
Department of School Education & Literacy is implementing a Samagra Shiksha scheme. Under the
scheme, financial assistance is provided to all states and UTs for different interventions like
composite school grant to every school for providing a conducive learning environment, grants for
library, sports and physical activities, to maintain appropriate Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR) for various
levels of schooling, free uniform and text books to eligible students, support for Rashtriya Avishkar
Abhiyan, ICT and digital initiatives, School Leadership development programme, remedial teaching
for academically weaker students, etc.The Department of Higher Education has launched the third phase of Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha
Abhiyan (RUSA) as Pradhan Mantri Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (PM-USHA) in June 2023 with an
outlay of Rs. 12926.10 crore for the period 2023-24 to 2025-26 aimed at funding specific State
government universities and colleges.
Education being a subject in the Concurrent List of the Constitution, an overwhelming majority of
the schools and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the country comes under the administrative
control of States/UTs. The recruitment and rational deployment of teachers come under the purview
of the respective State Governments/UT Administrations. As per the UDISE+ 23-24 report, the total
number of in-position teachers in secondary and higher secondary school is 46,42,759.
Also, teacher’s capacity building has been addressed through NISHTHA (National Initiative for
School Heads’ and Teachers’ Holistic Advancement), extended to cover all stages of school
education including Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE).
As per All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) 2022-23 (provisional), total number of
Universities / University Level Institutions and Colleges has increased to 1213 and 46624
respectively. Also, the total number of in-position Faculty / Teaching Staff is around 16.64 lakh.
In Higher Education, to address issues related to faculty and their professional development, a Central
Sector Scheme ‘Malaviya Mission Teacher Training Program’ has been launched. Under the scheme,
various Capacity Building Programs for faculty are conducted by 144 Malviya Mission Teacher
Training Centres on various components such as Nurturing Future Leadership Program; Specific
Learning Disabilities; Design and Entrepreneurship; Mental Health, Resilience & Wellbeing, AI &
Cyber Security, STEM, Science communication for STEM Faculty etc.
Various schemes/ projects /programmes run by Ministry of Education have been aligned with NEP
2020. Budget allocation of Ministry of Education has increased from Rs. 93,224.31 Crore for the
year 2021-22, to 1,28,650.05 Crore for the year 2025-26.
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