Parliament Question: Rurban clusters under Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission

O.I.H. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT RAJYA SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3963 TO BE ANSWERED ON 27/03/2026 RURBAN CLUSTERS UNDER SHYAMA PRASAD MUKHERJI RURBAN MISSION 3963 Shri Shambhu Sharan Patel: Shri Manan Kumar Mishra: Shri Aditya Prasad: Shri Deepak Prakash: Dr. Anil Sukhdeorao Bonde: Shri Kesridevsinh Jhala: Shri Brij Lal: Smt. Seema Dwivedi: Shri Narayana Koragappa: Shri Ashokrao Shankarrao Chavan: Shri Jaggesh: Shri Sadanand Mhalu Shet Tanavade: Dr. Medha Vishram Kulkarni: Shri Lahar Singh Siroya: Shri Baburam Nishad: Will the Minister of Rural Development be pleased to state: (a) the State-wise details of Rurban clusters approved under the Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM), including Jharkhand, indicating Phase I and Phase II separately; (b) the total number of gram panchayats and villages covered under these clusters; (c) the criteria adopted for selection of clusters, particularly in aspirational districts and Left- Wing Extremism affected areas; (d) whether any mid-term evaluation has been undertaken to assess if the selected clusters are economically viable and strategically located; and (e) if so, the details of such evaluation? ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT (SHRI KAMLESH PASWAN) (a) & (b): Under the Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM), 196 Rurban clusters covering 1851 Gram Panchayats including 8 Rurban Clusters covering 36 Gram Panchayats in Jharkhand were approved in Phase-I and Phase-II. The details of the Rurban Clusters, State & District wise approved in Phase-I & II is at Annexure-I. (c): Two categories of clusters were made under the SPMRM i.e. Non-Tribal and Tribal clusters. The criteria of selection under tribal and non-tribal differs slightly. The criteria Page 1 of 16adopted for selecting potential locations for developing Rurban clusters in non-tribal areas was as follows: i. Decadal growth in rural population, ii. Decadal growth in non-farm work participation, iii. Presence of economic clusters, iv. Presence of places of tourism and religious significance. v. Proximity to transport corridors. The selection criteria for tribal clusters were as under: i. Decadal growth in tribal population, ii. Current tribal literacy rate, iii. Decadal growth in non-farm workforce participation, iv. Decadal growth in rural population v. Presence of economic clusters Among both these categories of clusters the States were given the freedom to further select the clusters of specific criteria and assign them weightage as per guidelines. (d) & (e): Under SPMRM, mid-term evaluation of Rurban clusters have been undertaken by universities/ institutes for different zones to assess if the broad objectives of SPMRM have been met. These studies were undertaken during the implementation of SPMRM. Refer to Annexure– II for details of the evaluation undertaken. The SPMRM was a unique program designed to deliver catalytic interventions to rural areas experiencing growth. The mission was based on an understanding that in rural areas, a cluster showing growth and urbanizing potential can be treated as an integrated unit for overall economic development. Rurban clusters under the Mission were identified as per specific criteria (may refer to cluster selection criteria in part c) after considering economic viability and strategic locations. Since economically viability and strategic location of a cluster have been built in the design of the programme as a selection criteria, it was not required to be covered as part of the evaluation. ***** Page 2 of 16Annexure-I Annexure referred to in reply to parts (a) & (b) of Rajya Sabha Unstarred Question No. 3963 to be answered on 27.03.2026 Rurban Clusters approved in Phase-I (101 Clusters) State name District Cluster Block Category Cluster No. name name name type of GP Andhra Anantapur Kambadur Kambadur Agriculture Cluster, Animal Non-tribal 12 pradesh Husbandary Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Andhra Chittoor Kuppam Kuppam Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 8 pradesh Animal Husbandary Cluster, Andhra Prakasam Singarayakonda Singarayakonda Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 7 pradesh Animal Husbandary Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Andhra Spsr nellore Venkatachalam Venkatachalam Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 18 pradesh Andhra Visakhapatanam Arakuvalley Araku valley Agriculture Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Tribal 11 pradesh Arunachal Upper siang Tuting cluster Tuting Tourism Cluster Tribal 6 pradesh Assam Kamrup Hajo rurban cluster Hajo Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Non-tribal 3 Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Assam Karbi anglong Bokajan rurban Bokajan Agriculture Cluster, Animal Tribal 5 cluster Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Bihar Gaya Nauranga Manpur Tourism Cluster Non-tribal 4 Bihar Patna Bairiya Sampatchak Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 3 Bihar Rohtas Kuchhila Kochas Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 4 Bihar Saharsa Sonbarsa Sonbarsa Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 4 Chhattisgarh Bastar Madpal Jagdalpur Agriculture Cluster Tribal 13 Chhattisgarh Dhamtari Loharsi Dhamtari Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 14 Chhattisgarh Kabirdham Kunda Pandariya Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 18 Chhattisgarh Rajnandgaon Murmunda Dongarghar Agriculture Cluster Tribal 14 Dadra and Dadra and nagar Sayli Dadra nagar haveli Agriculture Cluster, Organic Farming Non-tribal 7 nagar haveli haveli Cluster, and daman Tourism Cluster, and diu Goa South goa Xeldem Quepem Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 11 Tourism Cluster, Gujarat Arvalli Shamalaji Bhiloda Agriculture Cluster Tribal 2 Gujarat Banas kantha Ambaji Danta Manufacturing Cluster, Tribal 1 Tourism Cluster, Gujarat Devbhumi dwarka Vadinar Khambhalia Tourism Cluster Non-tribal 14 Gujarat Morbi Ravapar Morvi Manufacturing Cluster Non-tribal 5 Haryana Ambala Mullana Barara Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 14 Haryana Fatehabad Samain Tohana Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 9 Haryana Jhajjar Badli Badli Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 19 Haryana Jind Uchana khurd Uchana Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 15 Page 3 of 16Haryana Karnal Balla 1.assandh Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 5 2.munak Haryana Rewari Kosli 1.khol at rewari Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 17 2.nahar Himachal Kinnaur Sangla Kalpa Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 7 pradesh Tourism Cluster, Himachal Solan Hinner Kandaghat Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 7 pradesh Horticulture Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Jammu and Jammu Gole gujral Marh Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 2 kashmir Jharkhand Dhanbad Palani Baliapur Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 7 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Jharkhand East singhbum Dharambahal Ghatshila Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 2 Manufacturing Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Jharkhand Giridih Bhandaridih Giridih Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 10 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Karnataka Belagavi Kangrali Belagavi Non-tribal 4 Karnataka Bengaluru urban Haragadde Anekal Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 4 Karnataka Vijayanagar 114 danapura Hosapete Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 2 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Kerala Ernakulam Puthenvelikkara - 1.alangad Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 2 kunnukara cluster 2.parakkadav Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Kerala Kannur Mangattidom - Kuthuparamba Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 2 kottayam cluster Manufacturing Cluster, Services Cluster, Kerala Kottayam Puthuppally - 1.pallom Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 2 manarcad cluster 2.pampady Education Health Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Vellanad - aryanad Vellanad Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 2 cluster Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Ladakh Leh ladakh Spituk cluster Leh Tourism Cluster Tribal 3 Madhya Bhopal Gunga Berasia Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 13 pradesh Education Health Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Madhya Bhopal Ratibad Phanda Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 13 pradesh Education Health Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Page 4 of 16Madhya Chhatarpur Achhat Chhatarpur Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 12 pradesh Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Madhya Chhindwara Delakhadi Tamia Organic Farming Cluster Tribal 9 pradesh Madhya Indore Nawdapanth Indore Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 7 pradesh Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Services Cluster, Madhya Indore Simrol Mhow Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 5 pradesh Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Madhya Seoni Kanhiwada Seoni Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 7 pradesh Education Health Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Maharashtra Aurangabad Jogeshwari Gangapur Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 5 Maharashtra Beed Shirsala Parali v . Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 19 Services Cluster, Maharashtra Buldhana Sultanpur Lonar Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 13 Maharashtra Jalgaon Hartala Muktainagar Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 6 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Maharashtra Jalna Ashti Partur Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 14 Maharashtra Nagpur Wadoda Kamptee Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 19 Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Maharashtra Pune Loni kalbhor Haveli Services Cluster Non-tribal 7 Manipur Thoubal Khangabok 1.thoubal Education Health Cluster Non-tribal 6 2.wangjing cd block Meghalaya North garo hills Chisim apal 1.jampui hills Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 28 2.resubelpara Horticulture Cluster, Mizoram Aizawl Aibawk Aibawk Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 11 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Nagaland Peren Pedi (ngwalwa) 1.jalukie Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 6 2.peren Animal Husbandary Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Odisha Cuttack Talabasta Banki- dampara Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 5 Odisha Jharsuguda Samasingha Kolabira Non-tribal 6 Odisha Kalahandi Utkela Kesinga Manufacturing Cluster Tribal 4 Odisha Khordha Ranipada Banapur Tourism Cluster Non-tribal 4 Odisha Mayurbhanj Thakurmunda Thakurmunda Tribal 3 Punjab Amritsar Harsha chhina Harshe chhina Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 18 Horticulture Cluster, Punjab Bathinda Dhapali Phul Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 21 Rajasthan Barmer Majiwala Baltora Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 5 Education Health Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Rajasthan Bharatpur Jurehera Kaman Education Health Cluster, Non-tribal 9 Tourism Cluster, Page 5 of 16Rajasthan Jodhpur Salawas Luni Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 6 Education Health Cluster, Services Cluster, Rajasthan Nagaur Budsoo Makrana Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 7 Education Health Cluster, Services Cluster, Rajasthan Udaipur Gogunda Gogunda Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 2 Education Health Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Sikkim East district Namcheybong Pakyong Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 4 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tamil nadu Coimbatore Madukkarai Madukkarai Manufacturing Cluster Non-tribal 9 Tamil nadu Sivaganga Vaniyangudi 1.kalaiyarkoil Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 7 2.sivaganga Tamil nadu Thiruvallur Kuthambakkam Poonamallee Manufacturing Cluster Non-tribal 11 Tamil nadu Tirunelveli Suthamalli Manur Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 14 Tamil nadu Tiruppur Velayuthampalayam 1.avanashi Manufacturing Cluster Non-tribal 6 2.uttukkuli Telangana Kamareddy Jukkal Jukkal Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 33 Telangana Kumuram bheem Chirrakunta Asifabad Agriculture Cluster Tribal 27 asifabad Telangana Sangareddy Ryakal Narayankhed Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 51 Telangana Vikarabad Allapur.s Tandur Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 33 Tripura Sepahijala Nirbhoypur Kathalia Agriculture Cluster, Animal Non-tribal 14 Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Tripura South tripura Hrishyamukh Hrishyamukh Agriculture Cluster, Animal Non-tribal 15 Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Uttar Chitrakoot Kasahai Karwi Agriculture Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Non-tribal 15 pradesh Uttar Chitrakoot Mau mustakil Mau Agriculture Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Non-tribal 15 pradesh Uttar Firozabad Rudhahu mustakil Tundla Agriculture Cluster, Education Health Non-tribal 5 pradesh Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Services Cluster, Page 6 of 16Uttar Gautam buddha Chitehera Dadri Agriculture Cluster, Animal Non-tribal 11 pradesh nagar Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Uttar Ghaziabad Dasna dehat Rajapur Agriculture Cluster, Animal Non-tribal 1 pradesh Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Uttar Kushi nagar Bansgaon Dudhahi Agriculture Cluster, Education Health Non-tribal 5 pradesh Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Uttar Lucknow Juggaur cluster Chinhat Agriculture Cluster, Education Health Non-tribal 10 pradesh Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Services Cluster, Uttar Mirzapur Patehara kala urf Patehra Agriculture Cluster, Horticulture Non-tribal 15 pradesh kubri patehara Cluster, Services Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Uttarakhand Dehradun Ranipokhari Doiwala Agriculture Cluster, Horticulture Non-tribal 11 Cluster, Uttarakhand Haridwar Bhagtanpur abidpur Bahadrabad Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 7 West bengal Bankura Molian Hirbandh Horticulture Cluster, Services Tribal 1 Cluster, West bengal Hooghly Chandrahati-i Chinsurah-magrah Agriculture Cluster, Horticulture Non-tribal 1 Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, West bengal Hooghly Garalgachha Chanditala-ii Agriculture Cluster, Services Cluster, Non-tribal 1 West bengal Hooghly Jayerdwarbasini Pandua Agriculture Cluster, Horticulture Non-tribal 1 Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, West bengal Hooghly Kshirkundi- Pandua Services Cluster Non-tribal 1 namajgram-niyasa West bengal Howrah Jalabiswanathpur Panchla Agriculture Cluster, Horticulture Non-tribal 1 Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, West bengal Howrah Parbatipur Domjur Agriculture Cluster, Services Cluster, Non-tribal 1 Total GP Covered in phase -I 935 Page 7 of 16Rurban Clusters approved in Phase-II (95 Clusters) State name District Cluster name Block name Category Cluster No. name type of GPs Andaman and South Ferrargunj 1.ferrargunj Agriculture Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Non-tribal 19 nicobar islands andamans 2.prothrapur Tourism Cluster, Andhra pradesh Guntur Nuzendla Nuzendla Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Non-tribal 23 Cluster, Andhra pradesh Krishna Chandarlapadu Chandarlapadu Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 14 Andhra pradesh Kurnool Alur Alur Agriculture Cluster, Manufacturing Non-tribal 11 Cluster, Andhra pradesh Srikakulam Sompeta Sompeta Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 11 Andhra pradesh Vizianagaram Garividi Garividi Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 20 Andhra pradesh Y.s.r. Nandalur Nandalur Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 12 Arunachal West kameng Nafra rurban cluster Nafra Education Health Cluster, Tribal 14 pradesh Horticulture Cluster, Assam Cachar Kalain rurban cluster Kalain Animal Husbandary Cluster, Non-tribal 3 Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Assam Lakhimpur Bihpuria rurban 1.bihpuria Agriculture Cluster, Horticulture Non-tribal 3 cluster 2.narayanpur Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Assam Lakhimpur Dhakuwakhana Dhakuakhana Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Tribal 3 rurban cluster Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Bihar Pashchim Barwat pasrain Bettiah Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 4 champaran Bihar Purnia Khokha Srinagar Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 4 Bihar Samastipur Kariyan Shivaji nagar Animal Husbandary Cluster Non-tribal 3 Chhattisgarh Janjgir- Jetha Sakti Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 11 champa Chhattisgarh Kanker Badekapsi Koilebeda Agriculture Cluster Tribal 5 Chhattisgarh Korba Hardibazar Pali Agriculture Cluster Tribal 4 Chhattisgarh Korea Sonhat Sonhat Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 20 Chhattisgarh Mahasamund Bhnwarpur Basna Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 14 Chhattisgarh Surguja Raghunathpur Lundra Agriculture Cluster Tribal 4 Dadra and Daman Moti daman Daman Education Health Cluster, Non-tribal 4 nagar haveli Services Cluster, and daman and Tourism Cluster, diu Goa North goa Saligao Bardez Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 6 Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Gujarat Mahesana Becharaji Bechraji Tourism Cluster Non-tribal 7 Gujarat Morbi Tikar Halvad Manufacturing Cluster Non-tribal 11 Gujarat Panch mahals Morva Morvahadaf Agriculture Cluster Tribal 11 Gujarat Surat Umarpada Umarpada Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 6 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Gujarat Valsad Sanjan Umbergaon Manufacturing Cluster Tribal 4 Haryana Panchkula Ganeshpur Pinjore Tourism Cluster Non-tribal 14 Haryana Panipat Sewah Panipat Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 9 Himachal Mandi Aut Mandi sadar Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 6 pradesh Tourism Cluster, Jammu and Kupwara Khumriyal 1.kalarooch2.wavoora Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 5 kashmir Jharkhand Bokaro Siyaljori Chandankiyari Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Non-tribal 5 Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Page 8 of 16Jharkhand Gumla Karaundi Gumla Agriculture Cluster, Education Health Tribal 2 Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Jharkhand Hazaribagh Gauriya karma Barhi Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Non-tribal 6 Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Jharkhand Khunti Birhu Khunti Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Tribal 2 Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Services Cluster, Jharkhand West Dudhbila Noamundi Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Tribal 2 singhbhum Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Karnataka Gadag Hulakoti Gadag Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Non-tribal 3 Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Karnataka Raichur Gurugunta Lingsugur Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Tribal 2 Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Kerala Alappuzha Kanjikuzhy - 1.kanjikkuzhy Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 2 mararikulam north 2.pattanakkad Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster,Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Kerala Kannur Chembilode- Edakkad Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 2 peralassery cluster Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Kerala Malappuram Edappal Ponnani Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 2 vattamkulam cluster Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Kerala Thrissur Punnayoorkulam Chavakkad Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 2 vadakkekkad rurban Animal Husbandary Cluster, cluster Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Page 9 of 16Lakshadweep Lakshadweep Amini Amini Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Non-tribal 1 Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Madhya Betul Deshawadi Shahpur Agriculture Cluster, Education Health Tribal 7 pradesh Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Madhya Dhar Gunawad Dhar Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Tribal 14 pradesh Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Madhya Gwalior Chhimak Dabra Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 14 pradesh Madhya Gwalior Mohana Ghatigaon Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 6 pradesh Madhya Jhabua Mohankot Petlawad Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Tribal 9 pradesh Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Services Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Madhya Rewa Gauri Hanumana Manufacturing Cluster, Non-tribal 12 pradesh Services Cluster, Maharashtra Ahmednagar Tisgaon Pathardi Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 10 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Services Cluster, Maharashtra Beed Kada Ashti Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 18 Maharashtra Nashik Dabhadi Malegaon Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 8 Manufacturing Cluster, Maharashtra Palghar Kasatwadi Jawhar Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 4 Tourism Cluster, Maharashtra Pune Khadkala Maval Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 6 Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Manipur Imphal east Keirao makting 1.keirao cd block Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 8 2.kshetrigao cd block Fisheries Cluster, 3.saikul Horticulture Cluster, Meghalaya South west Mawlangwir Mawkyrwat Education Health Cluster, Tribal 7 khasi hills Tourism Cluster, Meghalaya West jaintia Sohkha cluster Amlarem Agriculture Cluster Tribal 6 hills Mizoram Aizawl Thingsulthliah Thingsulthliah Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 15 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Odisha Balangir Sibtala Balangir Horticulture Cluster Tribal 5 Odisha Bargarh Dahita Padampur Manufacturing Cluster Non-tribal 5 Odisha Ganjam Keshpur Khallikote Fisheries Cluster Non-tribal 10 Odisha Kandhamal Kotagarh Kotagarh Agriculture Cluster Tribal 3 Odisha Nabarangpur Murtuma Umerkote Agriculture Cluster Tribal 2 Puducherry Pondicherry Bahour Ariankuppam Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 14 Tourism Cluster, Punjab Bathinda Jalaal(bathinda) Bhagta bhaika Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 17 Punjab Fatehgarh Sanghol(fatehgarh Khamano Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 44 Page 10 of 16sahib sahib) Organic Farming Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Punjab Hoshiarpur Sansarpur Dasuya Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 68 Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Punjab Ludhiana Dhandara(ludhiana Ludhiana-1 Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 21 1) Punjab Tarn taran Chola sahib Chohla sahib-8 Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 18 Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Rajasthan Alwar Naugawan Ramgarh Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 3 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Rajasthan Banswara Bhagora Garhi Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 3 Education Health Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Rajasthan Bikaner Palana Bikaner Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 6 Education Health Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Rajasthan Jaipur Naraina Dudu Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 3 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Rajasthan Jalore Raniwara kalan Raniwara Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 5 Education Health Cluster, Rajasthan Pratapgarh Arnod Arnod Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 3 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Sikkim South district Namthang rurban Namthang Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 5 cluster Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Tamil nadu Kanchipuram Singaperumalkoil Kattankolathur Manufacturing Cluster, Non-tribal 7 Tourism Cluster, Tamil nadu Madurai Kovilpappagudi Madurai west Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 16 Tamil nadu Thanjavur Thirumalaisamudram Thanjavur Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 9 Telangana Jayashankar Nagaram Bhupalpalle Agriculture Cluster Tribal 21 bhupalapally Telangana Nagarkurnool Vennacherla Peddakothapalle Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 25 Horticulture Cluster, Telangana Peddapalli Sulthanabad Sulthanabad Agriculture Cluster Non-tribal 30 Tripura Dhalai Paschim chawmanu Chawmanu Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 5 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Tripura Gomati Killa Killa Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 7 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Page 11 of 16Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Tripura North tripura Belianchip 1.jampui hills Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 4 2.resubelpara Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Uttar pradesh Baghpat Silana 1.baraut Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 8 2.chhaprauli Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Uttar pradesh Bareilly Urla jagir 1.betasing Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 13 2.bithiri chainpur Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Services Cluster, Uttar pradesh Mirzapur Haliya Hallia Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 12 Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster,S ervices Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Uttar pradesh Prayagraj Barokhar Koraon Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 12 Fisheries Cluster, Uttar pradesh Prayagraj Bhamhrauli uparhar Kaurihar Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 10 Education Health Cluster, Uttar pradesh Shravasti Chahalwa Hariharpur rani Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 10 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Uttar pradesh Sonbhadra Kodai Nagwa Agriculture Cluster Tribal 5 Uttar pradesh Varanasi Dhaurhara Cholapur Agriculture Cluster, Non-tribal 12 Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Uttarakhand Tehri Dhanaulti Jaunpur Tourism Cluster Non-tribal 10 garhwal Uttarakhand Uttar kashi Dunda Dunda Agriculture Cluster, Tribal 5 Animal Husbandary Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Total GP Covered in phase -II 916 Page 12 of 16ANNEXURE - II Annexure referred to in reply to parts (d) & (e) of Rajya Sabha Unstarred Question No. 3963 to be answered on 27.03.2026 Third-party evaluation done by Universities/Institutions Universities Major findings / Institutions Osmania University 1. Basic Amenities & Infrastructure  Housing and Electrification: All three states showed significant improvement in Zone-6 (Andhra providing safe housing and internal paved roads. Notably, all three states achieved 100% Pradesh, Telangana, household electrification after the mission's intervention and Kerala),  Roads: While most areas reached over 75% coverage for paved internal roads, the Araku Valley Cluster in Andhra Pradesh still needs strengthening, as some GPs remain below 60% 2. Healthcare Facilities  State Disparity: Kerala is the only state with good healthcare infrastructure, where all Gram Panchayats (GPs) have Primary Health Centres  Infrastructure Gaps: In contrast, only about 30% of GPs in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have PHC facilities. Many sub-centers in these states operate in rented buildings and lack proper infrastructure, forcing residents to travel at least 10km for government health services 3. Education & Child Services  Attendance: There is a noted increase in children attending primary and high schools, with a specific rise in girls' enrollment in high schools  Mid-Day Meals: All schools achieved 100% implementation of the mid-day meal scheme, supported by the construction of proper kitchens and separate toilets for boys and girls  ICDS: 100% achievement was recorded for children's immunization and Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) across all GPs 4. Digital Amenities & Governance  Broadband Access: Kerala has achieved broadband connectivity in all GPs. In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, only a few villages have such connections.  e-Governance: A significant gap exists in Good Governance, as none of the GPs are currently providing e-panchayat services. 5. Economic & Social Welfare  Social Security: The mission was highly effective in delivering social security benefits, including widow, old age, and disability pensions, as well as subsidized food grains via the PDS.  Livelihood Stagnation: The report found no major improvement in youth or women's involvement in skill training, suggesting a need for revised proposals to boost economic development. Sardar Patel  Infrastructure Progress: There has been very good progress and a significant reduction in University gaps for basic amenities, including inter-village road connectivity, rural housing, LPG connections, and digital literacy across most clusters Zone 3, Gujarat and Rajasthan State  Critical Deficiencies: Despite infrastructure gains, "substantial deficiencies" remain in economic-centric components, particularly skill development, agri-services and processing, and solid and liquid waste management  Sector-Specific Gaps: While clusters have unique economic drivers (such as the ceramic industry in Ravapar or tourism in Ambaji), there is a lack of targeted skill training to help local populations fully benefit from these industries.  Implementation Delays: While most physical infrastructure projects are in advanced stages, some economic and tourism-related projects (like water sports at Meshvo Dam) have been delayed due to the need for specialized technical expertise and safety sanctions . Page 13 of 16 Social and Environmental Costs: In industrial-heavy clusters like Ravapar and Vadinar, rapid development has led to issues like water scarcity and pollution, highlighting a need for better environmental management and more effective CSR coordination from local industries. HNB Garhwal  Implementation Disparities: There is a stark difference in project completion across the University zone. The Bhaktanpur-Abidpur cluster in Uttarakhand completed nearly all approved works (99.9%), whereas progress in the Gole Gujral (J&K) and Hinner (HP) clusters was Zone-2 (Himachal low, with over 50% of works not yet initiated Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu  Economic Impact & Land Value: Residents across all clusters perceived a substantial – Kashmir and increase in land values and general improvement in basic services. However, the actual Ladakh) increase in household income was mostly reported as "marginal" or occurring only "to Consolidated Report some extent" .  Funding Challenges: Utilization of the Critical Gap Fund (CGF) was often lower than expected because many clusters failed to mobilize their proposed convergence funding from other government schemes  Livelihood Trends: While agriculture remains the primary mainstay, there is a growing trend toward diversification into tourism and self-employment (e.g., homestays, transport services), particularly in the mountain clusters of Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh Guru Nanak Dev  Infrastructure & Connectivity: The mission has been highly successful in upgrading University roads from "fair-weather" to "all-weather" . This has significantly improved people's mobility and their access to basic services across all clusters (Zone I), Punjab and Haryana .  Education: There is a marked improvement in the quality of school infrastructure and the overall standard of education, with satisfaction levels reaching over 90% in several clusters like Harsha Chhina and Kholat Rewari  Water Supply: The mission succeeded in providing piped water. Most residents expressed high satisfaction with the regularity, quality, and affordability of their drinking water  Sanitation & Waste Management Gaps: While individual household latrines have increased, solid and liquid waste management remains a major failure . Almost 100% of households in most clusters do not segregate waste (wet vs. dry) and dispose of it away from houses without a proper collection system.  Livelihood & Economic Impact: The mission has had minimal impact on generating new livelihood options . While Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are functional in parts of Haryana (Tohana, Badli), they are largely non-functional or unknown to residents in the Punjab clusters .  Health Facilities: Reliance on private clinics remains high because residents perceive government facilities as inferior. Awareness of specific government health schemes (such as Maternity assistance or TB control) is very low.  Digital Literacy: Although mobile and internet access is nearly universal (over 90%), digital literacy is low. The internet is primarily used for entertainment rather than for skills or agri-services  Land Value: Infrastructure improvements, particularly better road connectivity, have led to a noticeable increase in land values across the clusters University of 1. Barokhar Cluster (District: Prayagraj) Allahabad  Livelihood: The area remains primarily agriculture-dependent, with over 82% of the workforce engaged in farming or agri-labour Clusters of Uttar Pradesh  Infrastructure Gaps: While overhead tanks were constructed, they were not functional at the time of the survey. Consequently, 84% of the population still relies on public hand pumps (India Marka II) Page 14 of 16  Sanitation & Waste: Though 57% of households have toilets, 60% of those toilets lack water supply. Waste management is a major failure, with 81% of the population reporting no waste segregation and 57% dumping waste in open areas .  Digital & Energy: Wood remains the primary energy source for over 50% of households . While 78% use mobile phones, only 23% are digitally active with internet usage, primarily for entertainment  Overall Impact: The inhabitants feel the mission has brought only marginal improvement to their lives, with most reporting they have not significantly benefited from SPMRM schemes. 2. Dasna Dehat Cluster (District: Ghaziabad)  Sanitation Success: This cluster is effectively Open Defecation Free (ODF), with 100% of households possessing their own toilets  Water Supply Issues: Although 52% of households are connected to piped water, there is extreme dissatisfaction (85-89%) regarding the quality and regularity of the water provided  Positive Health & Education: Unlike Barokhar, this cluster reported very high satisfaction (93%) with government hospital infrastructure and staff availability). Education infrastructure and school proximity were also rated positively.  Drainage & Waste: Despite other successes, 41% of households lack drainage connectivity, leading to wastewater flowing openly on streets. Additionally, 61% of residents still dispose of garbage in undesignated places. Tezpur University 1. Strategic & Planning Discrepancies  Vision vs. Execution: There is a significant mismatch between the "Vision" set in the Zone 10 (North Integrated Cluster Action Plan (ICAP) and the actual projects focused on in the Detailed Eastern States) Project Reports (DPR). DPRs were frequently revised to include already completed works under other schemes (like MGNREGA) just to match funding ratios  Standardisation Gaps: The process for preparing ICAPs was not standardised; some states used outside agencies (spending up to ₹35 lakhs), while others used in-house staff, leading to anomalies in data and planning 2. Infrastructure & Service Delivery  Water Supply: While 24/7 piped water is a priority, many assets (like overhead tanks in Manipur) were completed but remained non-functional due to missing distribution pipelines  Digital & Smart Facilities: Although "Smart Villages" are a goal, most clusters lack "Smart Schools" or a clear, standardised definition of what one should be  Waste Management: This remains a critical gap; in many clusters, solid and liquid waste management components were either ignored or not effectively implemented 3. Economic & Social Impact  Livelihood & Skills: Skill development training is often reported only "on paper" with no post-training monitoring. In clusters like Namcheybong (Sikkim), 89% of households reported no improvement in livelihood opportunities since 2016  Private vs. Public Benefit: In some states, infrastructure like public galleries or classrooms were built on private property (e.g., private schools), making them inaccessible to the general public 4. Operational Challenges  Institutional Framework: There is a notable lack of professional support; many states failed to engage "Young Professionals" (YPs) due to high living costs or administrative apathy  Operation & Maintenance (O&M): No cluster had a concrete plan for O&M, leading to the rapid deterioration of new assets. In Tripura, batteries for solar lights were stolen immediately after installation Ramakrishna 1. State-Specific Progress Mission Vivekananda  West Bengal: The mission has effectively not taken off at the district or cluster level. As Education & of the report date, ICAPs were being revised, DPRs were not prepared, and the first Page 15 of 16Research Institute installment of funds remained unutilized. IRKMVERI)  Jharkhand: Implementation is underway across three clusters (Palani, Bhandaridih, and Dharmabahal), though with varying levels of financial and physical success. Zone 8 Clusters 2. Infrastructure & Basic Services (Jharkhand) (Jharkhand and West  Water & Health: There is high satisfaction (75%–90%) regarding water supply Bengal) quality and various health parameters, such as the availability of doctors, nurses, and medicines .  Sanitation Gaps: While many toilets were constructed under the Swachh Bharat Mission, open defecation persists because many of these toilets lack a functional water supply .  Digital Literacy: A massive gap remains; in the Palani cluster, for example, 0% of households had digital connectivity at the time of the study . 3. Economic & Social Impact  Livelihood: While a majority of respondents felt there was some improvement in livelihood options, less than 20% saw actual improvements in farming or livestock productivity .  Migration: Roughly 25% of families believed the mission's interventions helped reduce rural-to-urban migration. 4. Major Implementation Challenges  Lack of Identity: The mission often works in isolation, making it difficult for residents to distinguish Rurban projects from other ongoing government schemes.  Delays: Significant delays were noted in the preparation and approval of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) .  Maintenance: There is a lack of a concrete institutional framework for the long-term operation and maintenance of created assets . 1. The evaluation has found that SPMRM is well aligned to the national context and very NITI Aayog relevant for ensuring transformational development (as against transitional development) 2. The majority of beneficiary respondents during the evaluation mentioned positive Reference period of improvements in sanitation piped water and road network facilities. the study is from 2015- 3. Specifically, 89% and 78% of the beneficiary respondents observed improvements in 16 to 2018-19 in 2020 education and health facilities respectively. 4. Population in absolute numbers and density have been increasing in the clusters. SPMRM prevents relocation to urban areas by inducing an ‘inverse movement’ as basic infrastructure and utilities are provided, and industrialization is promoted. This leads to a steady increase in employment opportunities in Rurban areas. 5. SPMRM ensures inter-Ministerial convergence of schemes within a cluster, thereby ensuring multi-dimensional benefits for the beneficiaries, covering a broad spectrum of developmental needs and allowing for synergies with other schemes. 6. The inclusion of domain experts and institutions of repute in the implementation structure is a welcome move. 7. The evaluation has also documented two success stories (Dharambahal, Jharkhand on stemming distress migration through mushroom farming; Bhagtanpur - Abidpur, Uttarakhand for good quality public participation. 8. The feedback on further improvements is with regards to strengthening skill development activities, clarifying ambiguities in planning acts, strengthening cluster governance, community engagement, capacity building, onboarding of quality professionals and utilization of innovation fund. 9. The evaluation also recommended having a new and extended programme for over 1,000 clusters in the next 3 years. ***** Page 16 of 16