**Executive Summary**
This document answers Unstarred Question No. 2683 in Lok Sabha on 16/12/2025, regarding the "Status and Performance of Special Economic Zones (SEZs)." It provides State/Union Territory-wise details of SEZs, including their number, land utilisation, investment, employment, export, and the status of under-utilised zones. The timelines for policy reforms is addressed, and detailed information is available in Annexures I, II, and III.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **SEZ Statistics:**
* Annexure-I contains the State/Union Territory-wise number of formally approved, notified, operational, and non-operational SEZs.
* The grand total of formally approved SEZs is 434, with 370 notified SEZs, 276 operational SEZs and 94 non-operational SEZs.
* **Land Utilisation, Investment, Employment, and Export Details:**
* Annexure-II provides State/Union Territory-wise and year-wise details of land area notified, land area utilised, investment, employment, and exports from SEZs for the last five years.
* Details for Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana in Hectares.
* Details on investment and exports broken down year by year for each region, (₹ in Crore)
* Details on employment for each region broken down year by year, (in No. of persons)
* **Under-Utilised SEZs:**
* Annexure-III lists the zone-wise number of SEZs that have remained non-operational or under-utilised (less than 50% capacity utilisation) for more than five years.
* A total of 122 SEZs are non-operational or under-utilised for more than 5 years.
* Reasons include: time taken to get approvals, adverse business climate, and shifts in global economic scenario.
* **Government Actions & Reforms:**
* The Department of Commerce oversees the SEZs' status.
* The Government engages with State Governments and Developers for facilitation.
* The Government undertakes measures to ensure the effectiveness of SEZs and alignment with emerging sectors.
* Policy initiatives and reforms are ongoing and inherent in the administration of SEZs.
* De-notification is undertaken as per the SEZ Act and Rules.
**Impact Analysis**
**State Governments and Developers:**
* **Impact:** Affected by the measures taken to ensure effectiveness of the SEZs and alignment with emerging sectors.
* **Action Required:** Engage with the Department of Commerce and adhere to extant provisions under the SEZ Act and Rules for de-notification.
**Department of Commerce and Development Commissioners:**
* **Impact:** Responsible for overseeing the SEZs' status.
* **Action Required:** Review the status of all SEZs, engage with the State Governments and Developers, and facilitate as necessary.
**Stakeholders operating within SEZs:**
* **Impact:** Potentially affected by reforms, policy changes, and measures undertaken to improve SEZ effectiveness and address operational challenges.
* **Action Required:** Participate in consultations and adapt to new policies and reforms.
Key Entities Referenced
Special Economic Zones (SEZs): The primary subject of the document, covering their status, performance, land use, investments, exports, and employment.
SEZ Act, 2005: Referenced legislation regarding policies and denotification related to SEZs.
Ministry of Commerce & Industry: The ministry responsible for the SEZs and the body answering the parliamentary question.
Lok Sabha: Parliamentary house where the question about Special Economic Zones was raised.
Department of Commerce: Supervises Development Commissioners who review the status of SEZs.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2683
ANSWERED ON 16/12/2025
STATUS AND PERFORMANCE OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES
2683. SHRI APPALANAIDU KALISETTI:
DR. BYREDDY SHABARI:
Will the Minister of COMMERCE & INDUSTRY (वाणिज्य एवं उद्योग मंत्री) be pleased
to state:
(a) the total number of SEZs in the country, including the number of formally
approved, notified, operational and non-operational SEZs, State-wise;
(b) the details of land allocated versus land utilised, approved versus actual
investments, approved versus actual employment and export targets versus
actual exports from SEZs over the past five years, State-wise;
(c) the number of SEZs that have remained non-operational or under-utilised (less
than 50% capacity utilisation) for more than five years and whether the
Government has conducted any formal review or assessment of the reasons
for such under performance;
(d) whether the Government proposes to revamp, repurpose or denotify
underperforming SEZs to align with emerging sectors such as electronics,
renewable energy, semiconductors and green manufacturing and if so, the
details thereof; and
(e) the timeline for implementation of such policy reforms, including the proposed
amendments to the SEZ Act, 2005 or other enabling legislation?
ANSWER
वाणिज्य एवं उद्योग मंत्रालय में राज्यमंत्री (श्री णिणिन प्रसाद)
THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY
(SHRI JITIN PRASADA)
(a) The State/Union Territory (UT)-wise details of the number of Special Economic Zones
(SEZs) formally approved, notified, operational and non-operational are at Annexure-I.
(b) The State/UT-wise and year-wise details of land area notified, land area utilised,
investment, employment and exports from SEZs during the last five years are at Annexure-
II.
(c) The Zone-wise number of SEZs that have remained non-operational or under-utilized
for more than five years is at Annexure-III.
1The time taken in operationalizing the SEZs could be due to several reasons including time
taken for getting approvals from the Statutory/State Government bodies, adverse business
climate due to shifts in global economic scenario, changes in fiscal incentives, etc. Under
the overall supervision of the Department of Commerce, the office of the respective
Development Commissioners review the status of all SEZs under their jurisdictions and
engage with the concerned State Governments and Developers on a regular basis to
provide necessary facilitation, as and when required.
(d) & (e) With a view to ensure the effectiveness of the SEZs and their alignment with
emerging sectors, the Government undertakes various measures from time to time to
remove operational challenges in SEZs in consultation with different stakeholders. Such
measures or reforms including policy initiatives are a continuous process and inherent in
the administration of SEZs. So far as de-notification is concerned, it is undertaken as per
the extant provisions under the SEZ Act and Rules.
2Annexure-I as mentioned in Part (a) in answer to the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question
No. 2683 for 16th December, 2025
States/UTs Formally Total Notified Total Operational Non-Operational
Approved SEZs SEZs SEZs
Andhra Pradesh 35 30 25 5
Arunachal Pradesh 1 1 0 1
Bihar 2 2 0 2
Chandigarh 2 2 2 0
Chhattisgarh 3 2 1 1
Delhi 2 0 0 0
Goa 7 3 0 3
Gujarat 31 27 22 5
Haryana 25 22 8 14
Jharkhand 2 2 1 1
Karnataka 61 50 38 12
Kerala 24 20 19 1
Madhya Pradesh 13 8 6 2
Maharashtra 47 41 36 5
Manipur 1 1 0 1
Nagaland 2 2 0 2
Odisha 7 5 5 0
Puducherry 1 0 0 0
Punjab 5 3 3 0
Rajasthan 7 6 3 3
Sikkim 1 0 0 0
Tamil Nadu 60 58 49 9
Telangana 58 53 37 16
Tripura 1 1 0 1
Uttar Pradesh 26 23 14 9
West Bengal 10 8 7 1
Grand Total 434 370 276 94
3Annexure-II as mentioned in Part (b) in answer to the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question
No. 2683 for 16th December, 2025
State/UT-wise details of land area notified and utilized during last five years (in
Hectare)
States/UTs Total Total operational SEZ Area
Notified Area
Andhra Pradesh 167.12 0.00
Bihar 101.782 0.000
Haryana 59.94 0.00
Karnataka 8.02 4.99
Maharashtra 53.41 2.10
Tamil Nadu 282.32 42.04
Telangana 89.41 28.92
Total 762.00 78.04
Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Exports made from SEZs during the last 5
years
(₹ in Crore)
S. No. State 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25
1 Andhra Pradesh 28112 31029 40420 44984 55247
2 Chandigarh 2575 2605 3022 3200 3085
3 Chhattisgarh 0 0 0 0 0
4 Gujarat 137229 239190 335836 310283 332892
5 Haryana 25030 25907 32740 36774 43199
6 Jharkhand 0 0 364 6326 6856
7 Karnataka 132110 167311 218773 228952 248839
8 Kerala 19279 21972 21501 25774 28800
9 Madhya Pradesh 11176 12571 12859 16027 14847
10 Maharashtra 138789 160052 186787 210756 224251
11 Odisha 13454 26367 27166 31332 29695
12 Punjab 1845 2127 2685 3132 2361
13 Rajasthan 3534 4578 5507 7141 13636
414 Tamil Nadu 116844 136329 172580 177930 203304
15 Telangana 84696 105524 140373 178086 173701
16 Uttar Pradesh 26580 33015 39836 47704 51138
17 West Bengal 18272 22169 23129 26817 31820
Total 759524 990747 1263578 1355220 1463669
Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Investment in SEZs during the last 5 years
(₹ in Crore)
S. No. States/UTs 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25
1 Andhra Pradesh 31174 39470 41738 42363 42742
2 Chandigarh 398 438 552 513 530
3 Chhattisgarh 1635 1635 1635 1635 1635
4 Goa 297 0 0 0 0
5 Gujarat 208067 219565 223398 209204 265120
6 Haryana 14319 14287 14616 15579 16858
7 Jharkhand 0 0 0 13622 13676
8 Karnataka 104489 105911 106650 107159 108776
9 Kerala 17034 17192 17984 18020 18020
10 Madhya Pradesh 7291 7350 7612 7658 7724
11 Maharashtra 72235 75571 79718 88520 90301
12 Odisha 20434 20444 20444 20444 22829
13 Punjab 940 961 983 1022 662
14 Rajasthan 2315 2505 2611 2899 2978
15 Tamil Nadu 66157 64903 54908 77439 72041
16 Telangana 42658 48100 52610 60540 76587
17 Uttar Pradesh 22105 24408 27759 33760 34191
18 West Bengal 5951 6966 6966 6966 7521
Total 617499 649705 660184 707342 782192
Note: Calculated on cumulative basis.
5Year-wise and State/UT-wise details of Employment in SEZs during the last 5 years
(In No. of person)
Sl. No. States/UTs 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25
1 Andhra Pradesh 70121 75907 78866 79831 79523
2 Chandigarh 7883 8972 10784 9475 8562
3 Chhattisgarh 6 6 6 6 6
4 Goa 0 0 0 0 0
5 Gujarat 96689 105922 112899 126658 174545
6 Haryana 135092 150482 178413 182783 198668
7 Jharkhand 0 0 0 79 69
8 Karnataka 374890 398580 401232 424497 424715
9 Kerala 79294 82640 86484 89189 89106
10 Madhya Pradesh 27354 31127 36401 35955 35316
11 Maharashtra 474690 560052 589971 635373 643898
12 Odisha 8261 8222 13538 14513 13133
13 Punjab 8187 9545 12079 11216 11801
14 Rajasthan 22341 23402 24581 35469 48886
15 Tamil Nadu 479674 523807 591517 728493 607812
16 Telangana 362797 469781 500415 538714 527246
17 Uttar Pradesh 137480 161712 184871 196662 223306
18 West Bengal 73377 86023 73555 85191 91301
Total 2358136 2696180 2895612 3194104 3177893
Note: Calculated on cumulative basis.
6Annexure-III as mentioned in Part (c) in answer to the Lok Sabha Unstarred Question
No. 2683 for 16th December, 2025
Number of
non-operational or
S. No. Name of the Zonal SEZs under-utilised*
SEZs for more than
5 years
1. Cochin SEZ (CSEZ) 15
2. Falta SEZ (FSEZ) 3
3. Kandla SEZ (KASEZ) 9
4. Madras Export Processing Zone SEZ (MEPZ SEZ) 21
5. Noida SEZ (NSEZ) 31
Santacruz Electronics Export Processing Zone SEZ
6. 9
(SEEPZ SEZ)
7. Visakhapatnam SEZ (VSEZ) 34
Total 122
* Less than 50% of land utilisation in the SEZ.
*****
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