**Executive Summary**
This document reports on the Indian government's strategies, through the National Tiger Conservation Authority, to manage tiger-human conflict and augment the prey base. The government is using a three-pronged strategy by providing funding support, restricting habitat interventions, and providing SOPs to deal with human-animal conflict. This information was provided in a written reply to a question in Rajya Sabha, dated 11 DEC 2023.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **Status of Ungulates:**
* Reported by the National Tiger Conservation Authority based on findings of the 5th Cycle of the All India Tiger Estimation, 2022.
* Indicates that the preferred prey species of tigers are increasing or stable in most landscapes.
* **Funding Support:**
* Provided under Project Tiger Component of the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats.
* Financial assistance provided for habitat management, prey augmentation, and recovery based on a statutory Tiger Conservation Plan.
* **Three-Pronged Strategy:**
* **Material and logistical support:** Provided to tiger reserves through the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Project Tiger.
* Tiger reserves must use an Annual Plan of Operation (APO) stemming from a Tiger Conservation Plan (TCP).
* Activities include payment of ex-gratia and compensation, awareness campaigns, information dissemination, and procurement of equipment/training for forest staff.
* **Restricting habitat interventions:** Based on carrying capacity of tigers; interventions are restricted through TCP.
* Habitat interventions are limited if tiger numbers are at carrying capacity to minimize spillover.
* Interventions in buffer areas are restricted to facilitate dispersal to other habitat areas.
* **Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs):** Issued by the National Tiger Conservation Authority and publicly available.
1. Dealing with tigers straying into human-dominated areas.
2. Dealing with tiger depredation on livestock.
3. Active management towards rehabilitation of tigers from source areas.
**Impact Analysis**
**Tiger Reserves**
* **Impact:** Will receive funding and logistical support for managing tiger-human conflict and improving infrastructure.
* **Action Required:** Develop and implement Annual Plans of Operation (APOs) based on Tiger Conservation Plans (TCPs).
**Forest Staff**
* **Impact:** Will receive training and equipment to deal with conflict events.
* **Action Required:** Participate in training programs and utilize acquired equipment to manage conflict situations.
**General Populace**
* **Impact:** Will be subject to periodic awareness campaigns to sensitize, guide, and advise on man-animal conflict.
* **Action Required:** Follow guidance and advice provided during awareness campaigns.
**Tigers**
* **Impact:** Subject to management of dispersal, relocation, and habitat restrictions to reduce conflict with humans and livestock.
* **Action Required:** No action is required from the tiger population.
**Livestock Owners**
* **Impact:** Livestock is subject to tiger depredation.
* **Action Required:** Compensation claims will be processed in cases of depredation.
**Local Communities**
* **Impact:** Benefit from nearly 50 lakh mandays of employment through direct or indirect means, ensuring livelihood security.
* **Action Required:** Continue livelihood activities in a manner that minimizes conflict with tigers and other wildlife.
Key Entities Referenced
National Tiger Conservation Authority: Primary regulator involved in managing tiger conservation efforts and dealing with human-animal conflict.
Project Tiger: A Centrally Sponsored Scheme for integrated development of wildlife habitats, providing financial assistance for habitat management and prey augmentation.
Tiger Conservation Plan (TCP): A site-specific plan mandated under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, used for managing tiger reserves and restricting habitat interventions.
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Section 38 V: Legal provision mandating the Tiger Conservation Plan (TCP).
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
PARLIAMENT QUESTION: STRATEGY TO
MANAGE TIGER-HUMAN CONFLICT AND
AUGMENTING PREY BASE
प्रव तथ: 11 DEC 2025 5:06PM by PIB Delhi
The Government of India through the National Tiger Conservation Authority has published the Status of
Ungulates in Tiger habitats of India based on findings of the 5th Cycle of the All India Tiger Estimation,
2022. As per findings of the report, the preferred prey species of tiger are increasing or stable in most
landscapes of the country.
The Government of India through the National Tiger Conservation Authority provides funding support
under the Project Tiger Component of the umbrella Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Integrated
Development of Wildlife Habitats which inter-alia provides financial assistance for habitat management,
prey augmentation and recovery which emanates from a statutory Tiger Conservation Plan which is site
specific and grounded in science and field craft.
The Government of India, through the National Tiger Conservation Authority, has issued a three-pronged
strategy to deal with conflict which is as below:
Material and logistical support: Funding support through the ongoing Centrally Sponsored
Scheme of Project Tiger, is provided to tiger reserves for acquiring capacity in terms of
infrastructure and material, to deal with tigers dispersing out of source areas. These are solicited by
tiger reserves through an Annual Plan of Operation (APO) every year which stems from an
overarching Tiger Conservation Plan (TCP), mandated under Section 38 V of the Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972. Inter alia, activities such as payment of ex-gratia and compensation,
periodic awareness campaigns to sensitize, guide and advise the general populace on man-animal
conflict, dissemination of information through various forms of media, procurement of
immobilization equipment, drugs, training and capacity building of forest staff to deal with conflict
events are generally solicited.
Restricting habitat interventions: Based on the carrying capacity of tigers in a tiger reserve,
habitat interventions are restricted through an overarching TCP. In case tiger numbers are at
carrying capacity levels, it is advised that habitat interventions should be limited so that there is no
excessive spill over of wildlife including tigers thereby minimizing man-animal conflict. Further, in
buffer areas around tiger reserves, habitat interventions are restricted such that they are sub-optimal
vis-à-vis the core/critical tiger habitat areas, judicious enough to facilitate dispersal to other rich
habitat areas only.
Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs): The National Tiger Conservation Authority has issued
following three SOPs to deal with human-animal conflict, which are available in public domain:
1. To deal with emergency arising due to straying of tigers in human dominated landscapes.
2. To deal with tiger depredation on livestock.3. For active management towards rehabilitation of tigers from source areas at the landscape
level.
The three SOPs inter alia include the issue of managing dispersing tigers, managing livestock kills so as to
reduce conflict as well as relocating tigers from source areas to areas where density of tiger is low, so that
conflict in rich source areas does not occur. The Project Tiger Component inter-alia provides nearly 50
lakh mandays of employment through direct or indirect means ensuring livelihood security of the people.
This information was provided by UNION MINISTER OF STATE FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST
AND CLIMATE CHANGE, SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH, in a written reply to a question in Rajya
Sabha today.
*****
VM/SK
(Rajya Sabha US Q1339)
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