**Executive Summary**
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) is working to enhance weather forecasting accuracy through improved infrastructure and technology, including the implementation of Mission Mausam. A key initiative is the development and deployment of the Bharat Forecast System (BharatFS), an advanced weather forecasting model. IMD has also launched mobile apps like 'MAUSAM', 'Meghdoot', and 'Damini' for disseminating weather information and warnings.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **Infrastructure & Technology Enhancement:**
* IMD is adopting new technologies for timely weather warnings.
* IMD is expanding infrastructure for observation, data exchange, analysis, forecasting, and warnings.
* Under Mission Mausam, Doppler Weather Radars (DWRs) are being installed.
* Currently, 47 radars cover 87% of India's area.
* BharatFS is operational at a high spatial resolution of 6 km, predicting rainfall up to 10 days.
* **Weather Information Dissemination:**
* Web-based "Climate Hazard & Vulnerability Atlas of India" is available online to identify hotspots and plan disaster management.
* Seven IMD services are available on the 'UMANG' Mobile App.
* Mobile apps 'MAUSAM', 'Meghdoot', and 'Damini' are available for weather forecasting, agromet advisory, and lightning alerts, respectively.
* The Common Alert Protocol (CAP) is being implemented for warning dissemination.
* IMD has a Decision Support System (DSS) for real-time multi-hazard early warning.
* Forecast accuracy has improved by 30-40% in the last 10 years.
* **Meghdoot App Expansion (Agromet Advisories for Farmers):**
* Systematic efforts are being made to expand the Meghdoot app for agromet advisories.
* The app now covers nearly 700 agriculturally important districts.
* Daily weather forecasts are available for nearly 7,000 blocks and 747 districts.
* The application supports multilingual access (12 languages) and pictorial representations.
* Meghdoot advisories are integrated with 21 State Government platforms and national digital platforms.
* **Radar Locations (DWR):**
* List of DWR locations across various states and union territories.
**Impact Analysis**
**State Government authorities and disaster management agencies**
* **Impact:** They can identify hotspots and plan actions to tackle extreme weather events using the "Climate Hazard & Vulnerability Atlas of India."
* **Action Required:** Access the "Climate Hazard & Vulnerability Atlas of India" at https://imdpune.gov.in/hazardatlas/abouthazard.html and use the information to develop appropriate disaster management plans.
**Farmers**
* **Impact:** Improved access to weather forecasts and agromet advisories through the Meghdoot app.
* **Action Required:** Download and utilize the Meghdoot app for weather-based agromet advisories to respond to adverse weather conditions.
**General Public**
* **Impact:** Timely access to weather forecasts and warnings through mobile apps like 'MAUSAM' and 'UMANG'.
* **Action Required:** Download and utilize the mobile apps for weather updates and warnings.
Key Entities Referenced
Indian Meteorological Department (IMD): The primary agency responsible for weather forecasting and providing early warnings.
Mission Mausam: A major initiative to strengthen weather forecasting through improved infrastructure like Doppler Weather Radars.
Ministry of Earth Sciences: The parent ministry overseeing the IMD and related weather forecasting initiatives.
Meghdoot: A mobile application providing weather-based agromet advisories to farmers.
Climate Hazard & Vulnerability Atlas of India: A web-based resource to help authorities plan for extreme weather events.
Ministry of Earth Sciences
PARLIAMENT QUESTION: UNPREDICTABLE
WEATHER PATTERNS
प्रव तथ: 11 DEC 2025 4:50PM by PIB Delhi
The Ministry is continuously working to strengthen observational capabilities and R&D infrastructure to
achieve greater accuracy in weather forecasting. The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has
adopted new techniques and technologies over time to detect, monitor, and provide timely early warnings
for disruptive weather patterns caused by climate change. The IMD has expanded its infrastructure for
observations, data exchange, monitoring & analysis, forecasting, and warning services in the country.
The major new initiative undertaken by the Government is the implementation of the Mission Mausam. A
couple of Doppler Weather Radars (DWRs) have already been installed under the mission. Currently, 47
radars are in operation across India, with 87% of the country's total area under radar coverage. Under the
Mission Mausam, the Bharat Forecast System (BharatFS), an advanced weather forecasting model, has
been developed and is operational at a high spatial resolution of 6 km. It also has the capability to provide
predictions of rainfall events up to 10 days, covering the short and medium-range forecasts. Due to its
higher resolution and improved dynamics, it generates weather forecasts at the panchayat or cluster of
panchayats level. Improving the accuracy of weather forecasts requires advanced observational networks,
skilled human resources for research and development of numerical models, and robust infrastructure such
as high-performance computing systems to run these models at the required resolution to predict weather
patterns caused by climate change.
IMD has also brought out a web-based online "Climate Hazard & Vulnerability Atlas of India" prepared
for the thirteen most hazardous meteorological events, which cause extensive damage and economic,
human, and animal losses. The same can be accessed at
https://imdpune.gov.in/hazardatlas/abouthazard.html. This atlas will help State Government authorities
and disaster management agencies to identify the hotspots and plan and take appropriate action to tackle
extreme weather events. This product helps build Climate Change resilient infrastructure.
IMD has launched seven of its services (Current Weather, Nowcast, City Forecast, Rainfall Information,
Tourism Forecast, Warnings, and Cyclone) with the 'UMANG' Mobile App for use by the public.
Moreover, IMD developed a mobile App, 'MAUSAM' for weather forecasting, 'Meghdoot' for Agromet
advisory dissemination, and 'Damini' for lightning alerts. The Common Alert Protocol (CAP), developed
by the NDMA, is also being implemented to disseminate warnings by the IMD.
IMD currently is equipped with a Decision Support System (DSS) based real-time multi-hazard impact
based early warning system (EWS), which integrates all types of real-time and historical data, numerical
weather prediction products, etc., to effectively monitor, detect and provide timely forecasts and impact-
based warnings with suggested actions up to districts and city/station levels against all types of extreme
weather events such as heavy rainfall events, droughts etc. IMD has Met Centres (MCs) in each State and
also special centers like Cyclone Warning Centers available for each impacted State, which provide
services during cyclones and heavy rainfall seasons round the clock, respectively.As a result of these new initiatives, the overall skill of forecasting these severe weather events has been
improved by 30-40% over the last 10 years.
IMD has taken various initiatives in recent years for improvement in data reception and dissemination of
weather forecast and warning services based on the latest tools and technologies. It includes the
dissemination of forecasts and warnings through the website, e-mail, SMS, and Social Media Platforms
such as YouTube, Facebook, X, and Instagram. The India Meteorological Department has developed
various mobile apps for the dissemination of weather-related warnings, such as
MAUSAM App for weather forecasting and warnings
MEGHDOOT App for agro met services
DAMINI App (developed by IITM) for lightning warning
UMANG App (developed by Meity) for Weather forecasting and warnings
Year-wise statistics and steps taken to expand the Meghdoot coverage are given in Annexure-1.
A couple of Doppler Weather Radars (DWRs) have already been installed under the Mission
Mausam. Currently, 47 radars are in operation across India and the details are given in Annexure-2. In the
coming years, DWRs will be installed as per the requirement to cover the remaining gap areas in the
country, provide redundancy, and replacement of old radars in the DWR network under Mission Mausam
of MoES.
****
NKR/AK
Annexure-1
Year Meghdoot registered users
Since the launch to 2021 2,36,188
2022 2,81,561
2023 3,18,560
2024 3,78,540
2025 (Till Date – 28 Nov 2025) 4,16,056
Nationwide Expansion of the Application: The India Meteorological Department (IMD), under the
Ministry, has undertaken systematic efforts to expand the Meghdoot mobile application, which provides
weather-based agromet advisories to farmers. Initially launched for around 150 districts, the application
has now been extended across the country and presently covers nearly 700 agriculturally important
districts for the dissemination of agromet advisories under Gramin Krishi Mausam Sewa (GKMS).
Enhanced Spatial Reach at Block Level: To further improve the geographical reach of the services, the
application has been upgraded to provide daily weather forecasts for nearly 7,000 blocks and 747 districts
of the country. Additionally, real-time weather warnings and nowcasts have been incorporated to assistfarmers in responding promptly to adverse or rapidly changing weather conditions. The application
includes multilingual support for 12 languages, pictorial representations of advisories, and simplified
formats to enhance usability among farmers.
Promotion Through Farmer Awareness Activities: The Meghdoot application has been widely promoted
through farmer awareness programmes (FAP) conducted by AMFUs across various states. Multiple
communication channels, including SMS, agromet advisories, social media platforms, and local outreach
initiatives, have been utilised to inform farmers about the downloads, demos, availability, and benefits of
the app.
Linkage with State Government Platforms: To further extend outreach, Meghdoot advisories have been
integrated with 21 State Government platforms, including state-level mobile applications and agricultural
information portals/websites. This linkage has helped widen access to advisories among farmers using
state-specific digital services.
Integration with National Digital Platforms: In addition, the weather-based agromet advisories
disseminated through Meghdoot are linked with major national platforms such as UMANG, Mausam,
Krishi Decision Support System (DSS), VISTAAR, WINDS of the Ministry of Agriculture, and other
digital systems. These integrations ensure uniform dissemination of advisories across multiple access
points.
Annexure-2
S. No. State/Union Territory DWR Locations
1. Andhra Pradesh Machilipatnam (S-Band)
2. Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam (S-Band)
3. Andhra Pradesh Sriharikota, ISRO (S-Band)
4. Assam Mohanbari (S-Band)
5. Bihar Patna (S-Band)
6. Chhattisgarh Raipur
7. Goa Goa (S-Band)
8. Gujarat Bhuj (S-Band)
9. Himachal Pradesh Jot (X-Band)
10. Himachal Pradesh Murari Devi (X-Band)
11. Himachal Pradesh Kufri (X-Band)
12. Kerala Kochi (S-Band)13. Kerala VSSC, ISRO Thiruvananthapuram (C-Band)
14. Madhya Pradesh Bhopal (S-Band)
15. Maharashtra Mumbai (S-Band)
16. Maharashtra Nagpur (S-Band)
17. Maharashtra IITM Solapur (C-Band)
18. Maharashtra Veravali (C-Band)
19. Maharashtra Mumbai, Juhu (X-band)
20. Maharashtra Mumbai, Panvel (X-band)
21. Maharashtra Mumbai, Kalyan, Dombivli (X-band)
22. Maharashtra Mumbai, Vasai, Virar (X-band)
23. Maharashtra Mahabaleshwar (X-band)
24. Meghalaya Cherrapunji, ISRO (S-Band)
25. Odisha Gopalpur (S-Band)
26. Odisha Paradip (S-Band)
27. Punjab Patiala (S-Band)
28. Rajasthan Jaipur (C-Band)
29. Tamil Nadu Chennai (S-Band)
30. Tamil Nadu Karaikal (S-Band)
31. Tamil Nadu NIOT Chennai (X-Band)
32. Telangana Hyderabad (S-Band)
33. Tripura Agartala (S-Band)
34. Uttarakhand Lansdowne (X-Band)35. Uttarakhand Mukteshwar (X-Band)
36. Uttarakhand Surkanda Devi (X-Band)
37. Uttar Pradesh Lucknow (S-Band)
38. West Bengal Kolkata (S-Band)
39. Jammu & Kashmir Banihal Top (X-Band)
40. Jammu & Kashmir Jammu (X-Band)
41. Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar (X-Band)
42. Delhi Aya Nagar (X-Band)
43. Delhi Palam (S-Band)
44. Delhi HQ Mausam Bhawan (C-Band)
45. Ladakh Leh (X-Band)
46. Karnataka Mangaluru (C-Band)
47. Chhattisgarh Raipur (C-Band)
*****
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