## MISHTI Scheme: Policy Summary
The Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes (MISHTI) scheme was launched on June 5, 2023, as part of the Budget Announcement 2023-24. Its objective is to restore and promote mangroves across India's coastal regions, recognizing their ecological importance and contribution to coastal habitat sustainability.
Implementation commenced in FY 2023-24 through convergence with schemes like State/National CAMPA, MGNREGS, and State Plans. As of August 21, 2025, an area of 22,560.34 hectares has been taken up across 13 States/UTs for mangrove plantation and restoration. Key states include Gujarat (19,220.00 ha), Andhra Pradesh (837.76 ha), Odisha (761.00 ha), and Tamil Nadu (1060.00 ha).
The MISHTI program encompasses core activities (plantation and restoration) and support activities, including livelihood diversification, awareness generation, capacity building, research and development, publicity and outreach, monitoring and evaluation, and promotion of ecotourism through Self-Help Groups (SHGs). Local communities are central to core activities like nursery raising, plantation, mangrove monitoring, and seed collection.
The Van Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan Adhiniyam, 1980, has been amended to include ecotourism as a forestry activity. Promotion of mangrove-based ecotourism is supported through the National CAMPA based on State/UT plans. Total funds allocated for ecotourism under MISHTI, as per state plans, amount to Rs. 12.874 Crores, with Gujarat receiving Rs. 7.00 Crores and West Bengal Rs. 4.83 Crores.
This information was provided by the Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Kirti Vardhan Singh, in a written reply to a question in Rajya Sabha on August 21, 2025.
Key Entities Referenced
MISHTI: Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats Tangible Incomes, a scheme launched to restore and promote mangroves.
Budget Announcement 2023-24: The budget announcement in which the MISHTI scheme was initially proposed.
StateNational CAMPA: State and National Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority, a fund used for afforestation and related activities; used in convergence with MISHTI.
MGNREGS: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, used in convergence with MISHTI.
Gujarat: A state in India where significant mangrove plantation and restoration activities are being undertaken under the MISHTI scheme and ecotourism is being promoted.
West Bengal: A state in India where mangrove plantation and restoration activities are being undertaken under the MISHTI scheme and ecotourism is being promoted.
Van Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan Adhiniyam, 1980: The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, amended to include ecotourism as a forestry activity.
SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH: Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change who provided the information in response to a question in Rajya Sabha.
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
PARLIAMENTARY QUESTION: MISHTI SCHEME
Posted On: 21 AUG 2025 5:57PM by PIB Delhi
As a part of Budget Announcement 2023-24, the Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible
th
Incomes (MISHTI) has been launched on 5 June 2023 to restore and promote mangroves as unique, natural
eco-system and for preserving and enhancing the sustainability of the coastal habitats. The objective of
MISHTI is to restore mangrove forests by undertaking mangrove reforestation/ afforestation measures along
the coast of India.
Implementation of activities under MISHTI commenced in FY 2023–24 through convergence with various
schemes, including State/National CAMPA, MGNREGS, and State Plans. So far, an area of 22,560.34 ha
has been taken up through convergence across 13 States/UTs for plantation and restoration of
degraded mangroves. The State/UT-wise details are provided below:
(Area in Ha)
S. No. States/UTs 2023-24 2024-25 Total
1 Maharashtra 138.77 53.20 191.97
2 Andhra Pradesh 137.26 700.50 837.76
3 Puducherry 0.00 6.00 6.00
4 Lakshadweep 0.003 0.003 0.006
5 Goa 35.80 6.00 41.80
6 West Bengal 10.00 0.00 10.00
7 Andaman & Nicobar Islands 14.50 2.50 17.00
8 Karnataka 135.00 220.00 355.00
9 Gujarat 6930.00 12290.00 19220.00
10 Odisha 402.00 359.00 761.00
Daman and Diu (DD) and
11 D a d r a a n d N a g a r 40.92 10.00 50.92
Haveli(DN)
12 Kerala 8.88 0.00 8.88
13 Tamil Nadu 570.00 490.00 1060.00
Total 8423.13 14137.2 22560.34
The MISHTI programme encompasses both core activities, such as plantation and restoration, and support
activities, which include livelihood diversification, awareness generation and capacity building, research and
development, publicity and outreach, monitoring and evaluation, and the promotion of ecotourism through
Self-Help Groups (SHGs). As per the plans received from the States under MISHTI, the support activities are
being undertaken in the second year, after the completion of preparatory work, through convergence with
State/National CAMPA, MGNREGS, State Plans, etc. In addition, local communities have a central role in
implementing core activities such as nursery raising, plantation, mangrove monitoring, seed collection,channel excavation, feeder/field channel construction, and seed dibbling in mangrove plantation and
restoration programmes.
The Central Government has amended the Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam, 1980, and as per
the amended provisions, eco-tourism has been made a forestry activity for promoting eco-tourism in the
country. Promotion of mangrove-based eco-tourism is one of the activities under the MISHTI program and is
being supported through the National CAMPA based on plans received from the respective States/UTs. The
State-wise details for proposed allocations for eco-tourism as per the plans received from States/UTs are
provided below:
(Rs. In Crores)
S . Total funds allocated for
State/UT
No. Ecotourism
1 Gujarat 7.00
2 West Bengal 4.83
3 Kerala 0.00
4 Puducherry 1.00
5 Andhra Pradesh 0.00
6 Odisha 0.044
Total 12.874
This information was provided by UNION MINISTER OF STATE FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND
CLIMATE CHANGE, SHRI KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH, in a written reply to a question in Rajya Sabha
today.
*****
VM/SK
(Rajya Sabha US Q3265)
(Release ID: 2159295)