## Policy Analysis Report: Land Acquisition for National Highway 2 (NH2) Improvement in Rohtas, Bihar
**1. Executive Summary:**
This report analyzes a notification from the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways regarding the acquisition of land for the building, widening, maintenance, management, and operation of National Highway 2 (NH2) in the Rohtas district of Bihar. The core purpose of the notification is to declare the Central Government's intention to acquire specified land parcels for the NH2 project and to vest that land absolutely in the Central Government, free from all encumbrances. The key findings of this report detail the specifics of the land acquisition, including survey numbers, land types, areas, and landowners affected.
**2. Introduction:**
This report provides an informative overview and analysis of a government notification regarding land acquisition for the improvement of National Highway 2 (NH2) in the Rohtas district of Bihar, India. The analysis is solely based on the provided text of the notification.
**3. Policy Overview:**
This notification appears to be related to the execution of a larger National Highway Act, 1956 (48 of 1956) and outlines the land acquisition for the building, widening, maintenance, management, and operation of NH2.
* **Core Objective(s):** The core objectives, as inferred from the provided text, are:
* To legally acquire specific parcels of land required for the expansion and maintenance of NH2.
* To ensure the land vests absolutely with the Central Government, free of encumbrances, for the designated purpose.
**4. Background and Rationale:**
This is likely **not** a *new policy*. The provided text refers to previous notifications (S.O 2606E dated 28th June 2021), indicating that this notification is part of an ongoing process. This notification serves to declare the intention to acquire land after objections have been considered and disallowed, the competent authority has submitted the report to the Central Government, indicating the conclusion of due diligence.
**5. Key Provisions / Changes:**
This Notification declares the *intended* **acquisition** of specific land parcels for the stated purpose (widening, maintenance, etc. of NH2). This is NOT an *amendment* to an existing policy, rather a *step in implementing* a larger policy related to national highways. The key provisions detailed in the text are:
* **Declaration of Acquisition:** The Central Government declares that the land specified in the schedule will be acquired for the purpose of improving NH2.
* **Vesting of Land:** Upon publication of the notification in the Official Gazette, the land specified in the schedule shall vest absolutely in the Central Government, free from all encumbrances.
* **Schedule of Land:** The document includes a detailed schedule of the land to be acquired, listing:
* State (Bihar) and District (Rohtas)
* Taluk (Sasaram) and Village
* Survey Number
* Type of Land (Private, Government)
* Nature of Land (Agriculture, Residential, Partially Agriculture, Partially Residential)
* Area in Hectares
* Name of the Land Owner/Interested Person
**6. Target Audience and Stakeholders:**
Based on the provided text, the target audience and stakeholders directly affected by this notification include:
* **Landowners:** Individuals and entities whose land is listed in the schedule for acquisition. This includes residents of Belarhi, Bhadokhara, Bishunpura, Dhankarha, Khaira, Khairi, Kota, Kurdaun and Lerua villages of Sasaram Taluk in Rohtas District of Bihar.
* **Interested Parties:** Any person or entity with an interest in the land being acquired (e.g., tenants, mortgage holders).
* **Ministry of Road Transport and Highways:** The government ministry responsible for the NH2 project and the land acquisition process.
* **Competent Authority:** The body responsible for submitting the report regarding the land acquisition to the Central Government.
**7. Implementation Aspects (Inferred):**
* **Responsible Agency/Bodies:**
* Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
* Competent Authority (responsible for the report)
* District administration of Rohtas (implied, for executing the acquisition)
* **Timelines/Procedures:** The notification mentions a prior notification (S.O 2606E dated 28th June 2021) and the consideration of objections, suggesting a procedural timeline is in place for land acquisition. The notification itself triggers the vesting of land with the Central Government upon publication.
* **Valuation/Compensation:** The text doesn't discuss valuation or compensation for the acquired land, but this is a legal requirement for land acquisition.
**8. Expected Outcomes / Impact of Changes:**
The intended outcome of this notification is to facilitate the acquisition of land required for the improvement of NH2. This would enable:
* Widening and upgrading of the highway.
* Improved connectivity and transportation efficiency.
* Economic development in the region (indirectly).
* Potential displacement/relocation of landowners and residents (a negative impact that requires mitigation through fair compensation and resettlement).
**9. Conclusion:**
The notification analyzed represents a critical step in the process of acquiring land for the improvement of National Highway 2 in Rohtas, Bihar. It legally enables the Central Government to take possession of the specified land parcels, paving the way for the execution of the highway project. The notification's significance lies in its potential to enhance transportation infrastructure and promote regional development, while also highlighting the need for fair compensation and resettlement for affected landowners.
Key Entities Referenced
NEW DELHI: Capital of India, place of publication.
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways: The Government of India ministry responsible for the development of road transport infrastructure.
National Highway Act, 1956: Indian law under which the land acquisition is being carried out.
NH2: National Highway 2, subject of the land acquisition.
ROHTAS district, BIHAR: District and state where the land acquisition is taking place.
Dainik Jagaran: Name of a newspaper where notification was published.
Times Of India: Name of a newspaper where notification was published.
Sasaram: Taluk in the district of Rohtas, Bihar
Belarhi: Village in Sasaram Taluk, Rohtas District, Bihar.
Bhadokhara: Village in Rohtas District, Bihar.
Bishunpura: Village in Rohtas District, Bihar.
Dhankarha: Village in Rohtas District, Bihar.
Khaira: Village in Rohtas District, Bihar.
Khairi: Village in Rohtas District, Bihar.
Kota: Village in Rohtas District, Bihar.
Kurdaun: Village in Rohtas District, Bihar.
Lerua: Village in Rohtas District, Bihar.
NH2VaranasiAurangabadLA20093D1: Project number for the land acquisition
Mayapuri, New Delhi: Location of the Dte of Printing, New Delhi.
Delhi: Location of the Controller of Publications.
रजिस्ट्री स.ं डी.एल.- 33004/99 REGD. No. D. L.-33004/99
सी.जी.-डी.एल.-अ.-21092021-229844
xxxGIDHxxx
CG-DL-E-21092021-229844
xxxGIDExxx
असाधारण
EXTRAORDINARY
भाग II—खण् ड 3—उप-खण्ड (ii)
PART II—Section 3—Sub-section (ii)
प्राजधकार स ेप्रकाजित
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY
स.ं 3568] नई दिल्ली, मगं लवार, जसतम्ब र 21, 2021/ भार 30, 1943
No. 3568] NEW DELHI, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 2021/BHADRA 30, 1943
सड़क पररवहन एव ंरािमाग गमत्रं ालय
अजधसचू ना
नई दिल् ली, 21 जसतम् बर, 2021
का.आ. 3892(अ).— केन्द्रीय सरकार न,े राष्ट्रीय रािमाग ग अजधजनयम, 1956 (1956 का 48) (जिसे इसम ें इसके
पश्चात ् उक्त अजधजनयम कहा गया ह)ै की धारा 3क की उपधारा (1) के अधीन िारी की गई भारत सरकार के सड़क
पररवहन और रािमागग मंत्रालय की अजधसूचना संख्या का.आ. 2606(अ) तारीख 28 िून, 2021, िो भारत के रािपत्र,
असाधारण, भाग II, खण्ड 3, उपखंड (ii) म ें प्रकाजित की गई थी, द्वारा जबहार राज्य के रोहतास जिले म ें NH2 के
दक.मी. 910.5 स े दक.मी.927.4 ( रोहतास) तक के राष्ट्रीय रािमागग के जनमागण (चौड़ाकरन े / चार लेन का बनान,े आदि),
अनुरक्षण, प्रबंधन और प्रचालन के जलए उस अजधसूचना स े उपाबद्ध अनुसूची म ें जवजनर्िष्टग भूजम का अिगन करन े के अपन े
आिय की घोषणा की थी ;
और उक्त अजधसूचना का सार उक्त अजधजनयम की धारा 3क की उपधारा (3) के अधीन तारीख "08 िलु ाई
2021" को "िैजनक िागरण " और "टाइम्स ऑफ इंजडया" िोनों म ेंप्रकाजित दकया गया था ;
और आक्षेप प्राप्त हुए थ े और सक्षम प्राजधकारी न े उन पर जवचार कर जलया ह ैऔर आक्षेपों को अननुज्ञात कर दिया
ह ै;
5320 GI/2021 (1)2 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—SEC. 3(ii)]
और सक्षम प्राजधकारी ने उक्त अजधजनयम की धारा 3घ की उपधारा (1) के अनुसरण म,ें केन्द्रीय सरकार को अपनी
ररपोट गिे िी ह ै;
अतः अब, केन्द्रीय सरकार, सक्षम प्राजधकारी की उक्त ररपोट प्राप्त हो िाने पर और उक्त अजधजनयम की धारा 3घ
की उपधारा (1) द्वारा प्रित्त िजक्तयों का प्रयोग करते हुए, यह घोषणा करती ह ै दक उक्त अनुसूची म ें जवजनर्िष्टग भूजम का
पूवोक्त प्रयोिन के जलए अिगन दकया िाना चाजहए ;
और अब, केन्द्रीय सरकार, उक्त अजधजनयम की धारा 3घ की उपधारा (2) के अनुसरण म ें यह घोषणा करती ह ै दक
इस अजधसूचना के रािपत्र म ें प्रकािन पर, उक्त अनुसूची म ें जवजनर्िष्टग भूजम सभी जवल्लगं मों स े मुक्त होकर आत्यजन्द्तक रूप
स े केन्द्रीय सरकार म ें जनजहत हो िाएगी ।
अनसु चू ी
जबहार राज्य के रोहतास जिल ेम ेंNH2 के दक.मी. 910.5 स े दक.मी. 927.4 ( रोहतास) के जलए अिनग की िान ेवाली
सरं चना सजहत अथवा सरं चना रजहत जववरण।
राज्य का नाम: जबहार जिल ेका नाम: रोहतास
क्रजमक सवक्षे ण सख्ं या भूजम का प्रकार भूजम की प्रकृजत भूजम का क्षत्रे फल भस्ट्ू वामी जहतबद्ध व्यजक्तयों का नाम
सख्ं या (हक्े टेयर म)ें
1 2 3 4 5 6
तालकु का नाम: सासाराम
गावं का नाम: बले रजह
िेख िहाबुद्दीन वो िेख नसीमद्दु ीन जपता
स्ट्व0 िेख जनिामुद्दीन वा िेख वसीम
1 1293 जनिी कृजष 0.0066
जपता स्ट्व मोहायुद्दीन
()
फुलरािो िेवी पजत जत्रवेणी ंसंह
2 1293 जनिी कृजष 0.0066
()
गावं का नाम: भिोखरा
आनंि कुमार जपता स्ट्व0 रामचंर ंसंह
3 395 जनिी कृजष 0.0121
()
मुन्नी िेवी पजत ललन प्रसाि चौरजसया
वो संतोष कुमार चौरजसया जपता ललन
4 396 जनिी कृजष 0.004
प्रसाि चौरजसया
()
रामआश्रय राय वा जिवाश्रय राय जपता
5 444/414 जनिी कृजष 0.0018 स्ट्व0 राम िन्द्म राय
()
6 444/414 जनिी कृजष 0.0111 मीरा कुंवर पजत स्ट्व0 कन्द्हयै ा ंसंह[भाग II—खण् ड 3(ii)] भारत का रािपत्र : असाधारण 3
()
जसकंिर ंसंह जपता स्ट्व0 गणेि ंसंह, उमा
कुंवर पजत स्ट्व0 नाजगन ंसंह वा अजखलिे
कुमार चौबे व कमलिे कुमार चौबे व
7 444/414 जनिी कृजष 0.0111
पुष्पा िेवी पजत श्री िामोिर चौबे व
मनोि कुमार जमश्रा जपता राम ििग जमश्रा
()
महिे ंसंह जपता सहाबींसंह
8 444/414 जनिी कृजष 0.006
()
सोना बरई जपता बैिनाथ ंसंह
9 444/414 जनिी कृजष 0.006
()
तेतरी िेवी पजत स्ट्व0 जिविी ंसंह
10 444/414 जनिी कृजष 0.012
()
गावं का नाम: जबिनु परु ा
श्रीमती राजधका िेवी पजत श्री
सत्यनारायण ंसंह यािव वो अमन कुमार
11 216 जनिी कृजष 0.024
जपता श्री सत्यनारायण ंसंह यािव
()
रामाधार ंसंह जपता िरोगा ंसंह
12 517/217 जनिी कृजष 0.0208
()
गावं का नाम: ढंकारः
जिव मुन्नी ंसंह वो राम एकबाल ंसंह
13 506 जनिी कृजष 0.008 जपता स्ट्व0 िेवनंिन ंसंह
()
गावं का नाम: खरै ा
रौिन ंसंह, अयोध्या प्रसाि ंसंह, केिवर
प्रसाि ंसंह, रामािंकर ंसंह वो श्री
जनवास ंसंह जपता स्ट्व0 ध्रुव नारायण
14 1092 जनिी कृजष 0.0161
ंसंह वो उपेंर कुमार जपता स्ट्व0 रुिल
ंसंह
()
मिन ंसंह जपता स्ट्व0 केिो ंसंह वो
अंित:कृजष
रामप्रवेि ंसंह वो ििन ंसंह जपता स्ट्व0
15 1095 जनिी /अंित: 0.0271
लक्ष्छन ंसंह
आवासीय
()4 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—SEC. 3(ii)]
अिोक कुमार ंसंह वो पुरुषोत्तम ंसंह
कृजष/ अंित:
16 146 जनिी 0.1136 जपता स्ट्व0 केिार ंसंह
आवासीय
()
अिोक कुमार ंसंह वो पुरुषोत्तम ंसंह
कृजष/ अंित:
17 146 जनिी 0.0172 जपता स्ट्व0 केिार ंसंह
आवासीय
()
रौिन ंसंह, अयोध्या प्रसाि ंसंह, केिवर
प्रसाि ंसंह, राम िंकर ंसंह वो श्री
अंित: आवासीय जनवास ंसंह जपता स्ट्व0 ध्रुव नारायण
18 315 जनिी 0.004
/अंित:कृजष ंसंह वो उपेंर कुमार जपता स्ट्व0 रुिल
ंसंह
()
गावं का नाम: खरै ी
श्रीि कुमार जत्रवेिी वो कृष्ण कुमार
19 86 जनिी कृजष 0.0192 जत्रवेिी जपता स्ट्व0 रामसागर जतवारी
()
गावं का नाम: कोटा
वजिष्ठ कुमार ंसंह जपता स्ट्व0 जिव
20 146 जनिी कृजष 0.0052 ियाल ंसंह
()
गावं का नाम: कुिों
अंित:कृजष
रामरती िेवी पजत स्ट्व0 उमािंकर ंसंह
21 284 जनिी /अंित: 0.0525
()
आवासीय
जबहार सरकार
22 285 सरकारी कृजष 0.0066
()
अंित:कृजष
रामरती िेवी पजत स्ट्व0 उमािंकर ंसंह
23 286 जनिी /अंित: 0.0293
()
आवासीय
रामरती िेवी पजत स्ट्व0 उमािंकर ंसंह
24 287 जनिी कृजष 0.099
()
गावं का नाम: लरुे ए
श्याम जबहारी ंसंह जपता राम रतन ंसंह
25 332 जनिी कृजष 0.002 व गगं ोत्री कुंवर पजत स्ट्व० कामता ंसंह व
चन्द्िेश्वर ंसंह व जवन्द्िेश्वर ंसंह जपता[भाग II—खण् ड 3(ii)] भारत का रािपत्र : असाधारण 5
स्ट्व० कामता ंसंह
()
छटीया कुंवर पजत रामराि ंसंह वो
जसपाही ंसंह, राम सुभाष ंसंह,
26 332 जनिी कृजष 0.002 रामजनवास ंसंह, वकील ंसंह जपता
रामराि ंसंह
()
रामबली ंसंह, सरयू ंसंह, राम भिन
ंसंह जपता स्ट्व0 राम सेवक ंसंह वो
27 332 जनिी कृजष 0.002
लजलता िेवी पजत स्ट्व0 कृष्ण ंसंह
()
गंगोत्री कुंवर पजत स्ट्व0 रामधारी ंसंह,
राम सुभग ंसंह जपता स्ट्व0 िंगी ंसंह
28 335 जनिी कृजष 0.0112 सुरेि ंसंह, कमलेि ंसंह जपता स्ट्व0 राम
नाथ ंसंह
()
रामिेव ंसंह वो सुििगन ंसंह जपता स्ट्व0
29 53 जनिी कृजष 0.0192 राम सागर ंसंह
()
जिव गोंवंि ंसंह, बबन ंसंह जपता स्ट्व0
30 949 जनिी कृजष 0.0128 महावीर ंसंह
()
कुल 0.5691
[फा. सं. 11012/Ph.V/NH-2/Varanasi-Aurangabad/LA/2009/3D1]
रािेि गुप् ता, जनिेिक
MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS
NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, the 21st September, 2021
S.O. 3892(E).— Whereas by the notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Road Transport
and Highways, S.O 2606(E) dated 28th June 2021 , published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section
3, Sub-section (ii) issued under sub-section (1) of section 3A of the National Highway Act, 1956 (48 of 1956)
(hereinafter referred to as the said Act), the Central Government declared its intension to acquire the land specified in
the Schedule annexed to the said notification for building (widening/four-laning/six laning, etc.), maintenance,
management and operation of NH2 on the stretch of land from Km 910.5 to Km 927.4 (Rohtas) in the district of
ROHTAS in the state of BIHAR
;6 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—SEC. 3(ii)]
And whereas the substance of the said notification has been published in “Dainik Jagaran ” and “ Times Of
India ” both dated 08th July 2021 ; under sub-section (3) of section 3A of the said Act;
And whereas objections have been received and the same have been considered and disallowed by the
competent Authority;
And whereas, in pursuance of sub-section (1) of section 3D of the said Act, the competent authority has
submitted its report to the Central Government;
Now, therefore, upon receipt of the said report of the competent authority and in exercise of the powers
conferred by the sub-section (1) of section 3D of the said Act, the Central Government hereby declares that the land
specified in the said Schedule should be acquired for the aforesaid purpose;
And further, in pursuance of sub-section (2) of section 3D of the said Act, the Central Government hereby
declares that on publication of this notification in the Official Gazette, the land specified in the said Schedule shall
vest absolutely in the Central Government, free from all encumbrances.
SCHEDULE
Brief description of the land to be acquired, with or without structure, falling within the stretch of land from
NH2 KM 910.5 to KM 927.4 (Rohtas) in the district of ROHTAS in the state of BIHAR
State: BIHAR District: ROHTAS
Sr. Survey Type of Land Nature of Land Area in Name of the Land
NO. Number Hectare Owner/Interested Person
Part Survey No:
1 2 3 4 5 6
Taluk: Sasaram
Village: Belarhi
Shekh shahabudeen vo shekh
Nasimudeen s/o Lt. Shekh
1 1293 Private Agriculture 0.0066
Nijamudeen va Shekh Vasim s/o Lt.
Mohayudeen
2 1293 Private Agriculture 0.0066 Phulrajo Devi w/o Triveni Singh
Village: Bhadokhara
Anand Kumar s/o Lt. Ramchandra
3 395 Private Agriculture 0.0121
Singh
Munni Devi w/o Lalan Prasad
chaurashiya vo Santosh Kumar
4 396 Private Agriculture 0.004
Chaursiya s/o Lalan Prasad
Chaourasiya
Ram asharya Rai va Shiva asharya
5 444/414 Private Agriculture 0.0018
Rai s/o Lt. Ram Janaam Rai
6 444/414 Private Agriculture 0.0111 Mira Kuwar w/o Lt. Knehaya Singh
Sikandar Singh s/o Lt. Ganesh Singh ,
Uma Kuwar w/o Lt. Nagin Singh va
Akhilesh Kumar Chaube va Kamlesh
7 444/414 Private Agriculture 0.0111 Kumar Chaube va Pushpa Devi w/o
Shri Damodar Chaube va Manoj
Kumar Mishara s/o Ram Darsh
Mishra
8 444/414 Private Agriculture 0.006 Mahesh Singh s/o Shabi Singh
9 444/414 Private Agriculture 0.006 Sona Barai s/o Baijnatha Singh
10 444/414 Private Agriculture 0.012 Tetari Devi w/o Lt. Shivji Singh
Village: Bishunpura
11 216 Private Agriculture 0.024 Shrimati Radhika Devi w/o Shri[भाग II—खण् ड 3(ii)] भारत का रािपत्र : असाधारण 7
Satynarayn Singh Yadav vo Aman
kumar s/o Shri Satynarayan Singh
Yadav
12 517/217 Private Agriculture 0.0208 Ramdhar Singh s/o Daroga Singh
Village: Dhankarha
Shiv munni Singh vo Ram ekabal
13 506 Private Agriculture 0.008
Singh s/o Lt. Devnandan Singh
Village: Khaira
Roushan Singh, Ayodhaya Prasad
Singh, Keshawar Prasad Singh, Rama
14 1092 Private Agriculture 0.0161 Shanker Singh vo shri Nivash Singh
s/o Lt. Dhruwa Narayan Singh vo
Upendra Kumar s/o Lt. Rudal Singh
Madan Singh s/o Lt. Kesho Singh vo
Partially Agriculture/
15 1095 Private 0.0271 Rampravesh singh vo Dadan Singh
Partially Residential
s/o Lt. Lakshchhn Singh
Agriculture/ Partially Ashok Kumar Singh vo Purshotam
16 146 Private 0.1136
Residential Singh s/o Lt. Kedar Singh
Agriculture/ Partially Ashok Kumar Singh vo Purshotam
17 146 Private 0.0172
Residential Singh s/o Lt. Kedar Singh
Roushan Singh, Ayodhaya Prasad
Partially Singh, Keshawar Prasad Singh, Rama
18 315 Private Residential/Partially 0.004 Shanker Singh vo shri Nivash Singh
Agriculture s/o Lt. Dhruwa Narayan Singh vo
Upendra Kumar s/o Lt. Rudal Singh
Village: Khairi
shrish Kumar Trivedi vo Krishan
19 86 Private Agriculture 0.0192 Kumar Trivedi s/o Lt. Ramsagar
Tiwari
Village: Kota
Vashisht kumar Singh s/o Lt. Shiv
20 146 Private Agriculture 0.0052
Dayal Singh
Village: Kurdaun
Partially Agriculture/ Ramrati Devi w/o Lt. Umashanker
21 284 Private 0.0525
Partially Residential Singh
22 285 Government Agriculture 0.0066 Bihar Sarkar
Partially Agriculture/ Ramrati Devi w/o Lt. Umashanker
23 286 Private 0.0293
Partially Residential Singh
Ramrati Devi w/o Lt. Umashanker
24 287 Private Agriculture 0.099
Singh
Village: Lerua
Shyam Bihari singh s/o Ram Ratan
Singh va Gangotri Kuwar w/o Lt.
25 332 Private Agriculture 0.002 Kamta Singh va Chandeshavar Singh
va Vindeshavar Singh s/o Lt. Kamta
Singh
Chhtiya Kuwar w/o Lt. Ramraj Singh
vo Sipahi Singh, Ram shubhash Singh
26 332 Private Agriculture 0.002
, Ramniwas Singh , Vakil Singh s/o
Ramraj Singh8 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—SEC. 3(ii)]
Rambali Singh, Saryu Singh, Ram
bhajan Singh s/o Lt. Ram sewak
27 332 Private Agriculture 0.002 Singh vo Lalita Devi w/o Lt. Krishan
Singh
Gangotri Kuwar w/o Lt. Ramdhari
Singh, Ram subhag Singh s/o Lt.
28 335 Private Agriculture 0.0112
Jangi Singh Suresh Singh, Kamlesh
Singh s/o Lt. Ram Nath Singh
Ramdev Singh vo Sudrashan Singh
29 53 Private Agriculture 0.0192
s/o Lt. Ram Sagar Singh
Shiv Govind Singh, Baban Singh s/o
30 949 Private Agriculture 0.0128
Lt. Mahavir Singh
TOTAL 0.5691
[F. No. 11012/Ph.V/NH-2/Varanasi-Aurangabad/LA/2009/3D1]
RAJESH GUPTA, Director
Uploaded by Dte. of Printing at Government of India Press, Ring Road, Mayapuri, New Delhi-110064
and Published by the Controller of Publications, Delhi-110054.