**Executive Summary**
The Economic Survey 2025-2026 highlights India's efforts to develop a well-integrated and forward-looking skilling system to harness its demographic dividend. The survey, tabled in Parliament on January 29, 2026, outlines initiatives for future-skills courses, upgrading Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs), and promoting apprenticeships through the National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (PM-NAPS). The survey also includes the Rozgar Melas & National Apprenticeship Melas to enhance interface between employers and job seekers.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **Future-Skills Courses:**
* NSQF-compliant training expanded to include 169 trades, including 31 future-skills courses.
* Focus areas: AI, Internet of Things (IoT), renewable energy, and 3D printing.
* Delivered through ITIs and National Skill Training Institutes.
* **Strengthening Skilling Ecosystem by ITIs:**
* Reforms focused on improving training quality, industry relevance, and institutional capacity.
* National Scheme for Upgradation of ITIs proposes upgrading 1,000 government ITIs (200 hub and 800 spoke).
* Upgrades include smart classrooms, modern labs, digital content, and industry-aligned courses.
* **Apprenticeship Programs:**
* Over 43.47 lakh apprentices engaged under PM-NAPS across 36 states/UTs.
* NATS program recorded 5.23 lakh apprentice engagements in FY25.
* NAPS and NATS have been expanded to cover a wider range of sectors.
* The female participation reaching 20 per cent in the scheme.
* **Connecting Skilling to Industry & Job Seekers:**
* Industry involvement in curricula, training, and assessments to make skilling more market-responsive.
* PMKVY 4.0 imparts NSQF-aligned job roles developed by industry-led Sector Skill Councils (SSC).
* Rozgar Melas and National Apprenticeship Melas to enhance interface between employers and job seekers.
* **Digital Infrastructure:**
* Integration of SIDH, NCS and eShram portal for real-time monitoring and assessment.
**Impact Analysis**
**Government Institutions/Ministries:**
* **Impact:** Responsible for implementing and coordinating skilling initiatives across various sectors.
* **Action Required:** Foster institutional convergence and a whole-of-government approach to enable effective skilling and employment initiatives.
**Students/Educators:**
* **Impact:** Beneficiaries of enhanced skilling programs, industry-relevant training, and improved employment prospects.
* **Action Required:** Engage in available training programs, leverage opportunities for apprenticeships, and adapt to industry-driven skilling initiatives.
**Employers/Industry:**
* **Impact:** Access to a larger pool of skilled workforce, opportunities to shape training programs to meet industry needs, and enhanced industry-academia collaboration.
* **Action Required:** Participate in curriculum development, offer apprenticeships and training opportunities, and actively engage with skilling institutions to ensure industry relevance.
**Workers/Job Seekers:**
* **Impact:** Improved access to vocational training, enhanced skills and employability, and increased opportunities for career advancement.
* **Action Required:** Utilize available skilling resources, participate in apprenticeship programs, and leverage Rozgar Melas for job opportunities.
Key Entities Referenced
National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (PM-NAPS): A nationwide scheme aiming to promote apprenticeship training across 36 States/UTs.
National Skill Training Institutes: A nationwide network for delivering NSQF-compliant training and future skills courses.
Economic Survey 2025-2026: A government document that focuses on skilling India and making it future-ready.
National Scheme for Upgradation of ITIs: A scheme to strengthen the skilling ecosystem by upgrading 1000 government ITIs.
ITIs: Industrial Training Institutes where future skill courses are delivered.
Ministry of Finance
SKILLING INDIA RIGHT TO MAKE IT FUTURE
READY: ECONOMIC SURVEY 2025-2026
FUTURE-SKILLS COURSES IN AI, INTERNET OF THINGS
(IOT), RENEWABLE ENERGY AND 3D PRINTING LEADNG
SKILL REVOLUTION IN INDIA
1000 GOVERNMENT ITIs TO BE UPGRADED UNDER THE
NATION-WIDE SCHEME FOR UPGRADATION OF ITIs
OVER 43.47 LAKH APPRENTICES ENGAGED UNDER
NATIONAL APPRENTICESHIP PROMOTION SCHEME (PM-
NAPS) ACROSS 36 STATES/UTS
प्रव तथ: 29 JAN 2026 1:52PM by PIB Delhi
India seeks to harness its demographic dividend and respond to evolving labour market needs by a well-
integrated and forward-looking skilling system, as per the Economic Survey 2025-2026 tabled in the
Parliament today by Union Minister for Finance and Corporate Affairs Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman.
Expanding access to skills and improving their quality requires a well-integrated skilling ecosystem. Skills
policy sits at the crossroads of education, labour markets, and industry, making close coordination and
collaboration essential among a broad range of stakeholders, including multiple institutions, ministries,
government at various levels, students, educators, workers, employers, trade unions, and other relevant
actors. The PLFS 2023-24 findings show that the share of individuals (in the 15–59 age group) having
acquired some form of vocational or technical training has increased from 8.1 per cent in 2017-18 to 34.7
per cent in 2023-24,reflects the positive impact of skilling initiatives in India.
Future-skills courses
NSQF-compliant training has been expanded by developing 169 trades, which include 31 future-skills
courses in areas such as AI, internet of things (IoT), renewable energy and 3D printing, delivered through
the nationwide network of ITIs and National Skill Training Institutes.
Strengthening skilling ecosystem by ITIs
Reforms are strengthening the skilling ecosystem at the ITI level, focused on improving training quality,
industry relevance, and institutional capacity. The National Scheme for Upgradation of ITIs proposes to
upgrade 1,000 government ITIs, including 200 hub ITIs and 800 spoke ITIs, through smart classrooms,
modern labs, digital content, and industry-aligned long- and short-term courses.Connecting Skilling to Industry
Industry involvement in curricula, training, apprenticeships, and assessments aims to make skilling more
market-responsive. Embedding industry participation across institutions, standards, and programme
oversight can enhance the relevance and credibility of training. In recognition of this, under PMKVY 4.0,
training is imparted in NSQF-aligned job roles developed by industry-led Sector Skill Councils (SSC), and
several courses are delivered directly within industrial premises with trainers sourced from the employer
ecosystem.130 Furthermore, regular Rozgar Melas and National Apprenticeship Melas enhance the
interface between employers and job seekers.
Connecting Employers to Job Seekers
As per the survey, regular Rozgar Melas and National Apprenticeship Melas enhance the interface
between employers and job seekers. Under PMKVY 4.0, the sectoral focus on digital technologies, green
energy, healthcare, advanced agriculture, financial services, and e-commerce reflects a calibrated effort to
steer skilling investments toward India’s long-term growth drivers and emerging opportunities in the
global economy.
The integration of SIDH, NCS and eShram portal has created a robust digital infrastructure that can be
leveraged for real-time monitoring and assessment, linking training records with employment outcomes,
employer demand, and individual skilling trajectories.
India’s Apprenticeship Framework
The apprenticeship ecosystem also has undergone a policy and structural transformation. The National
Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS) and NATS have been expanded to cover a wider range of
sectors and enterprises. Over 43.47 lakh apprentices have been engaged under PM-NAPS across 36states/UTs, with participation from more than 51,000 establishments, and female participation reaching 20
per cent.The NATS programme also recorded 5.23 lakh apprentice engagement in FY25, demonstrating
the expanding scale and institutional maturity of India’s apprenticeship framework.
Way Forward
As India moves ahead in its growth journey, advancing institutional convergence and fostering a whole-of-
government approach would enable the skilling and employment initiatives to operate in a coherent
manner. This could set the stage for a sharper emphasis on industry-driven skilling, which remains central
to building job-ready talent and strengthening skill-industry linkages.
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