STATE LEVEL INNOVATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL GOVERNANCE LEADING TO POSITIVE OUTCOMES: ECONOMIC SURVEY

**Executive Summary** This document summarises state-level innovations in agricultural governance in India that are leading to positive outcomes. The Economic Survey 2025-26, tabled in Parliament, highlights reforms in areas like land and resource governance, market reforms, water management, and technology adoption. The report was published on January 29, 2026. **Key Points / Main Content** * **Land and Resource Governance:** * Andhra Pradesh: Implemented the Resurvey Project (2021) using drones and GIS. * Result: 6,901 villages covered, 81 lakh land parcels resurveyed, and 86,000 boundary disputes resolved by 2025. * Bihar: Launched Mukhyamantri Samekit Chaur Vikas Yojana (2025). * Result: Developed chaur lands for aquaculture, bringing over 1,933 hectares under fish-based production across 22 districts. * **Market Reforms:** * Madhya Pradesh: Implemented Souda Patrak initiative (2021). * Result: Enabled direct MSP based purchases from farmers through a digital platform, facilitating over 1.03 lakh transactions by December 2025. * Andhra Pradesh: Utilized the e-Farmarket platform. * Result: Connected farmers and traders via Rythu Bharosa Kendras. * **Water Management:** * Assam: Implemented the State Irrigation Plan (2022). * Result: Aims to expand irrigation coverage, increasing gross irrigated area to 24.28 per cent by 2024-25. * Uttar Pradesh: Implemented Ground Water Rules (2020). * Result: Strengthened regulation of extraction, with groundwater recharge rising marginally by 2025. * **Technology and Digital Agriculture:** * Karnataka: Utilized the FRUITS platform (2020). * Result: Created a unified farmer database supporting DBT, MSP procurement, and crop surveys, covering over 55 lakh farmers. * Jharkhand: Launched a GIS-based Climate Smart Agriculture and Agri Stack Scheme (2024). * Result: Aims to enable farm-level tracking and climate-informed planning. * Bihar: Fourth Agriculture Roadmap (2023-28). * Result: Builds on earlier roadmaps, which have led to significant increases in fish and milk production. **Impact Analysis** **Stakeholder: Farmers** * **Impact:** Improved market access, increased income through MSP, better water management, access to technology and digital agriculture platforms, and resolution of land disputes. * **Action Required:** Engage with the various state-level schemes and platforms to benefit from the reforms. **Stakeholder: State Governments** * **Impact:** Showcased successful agricultural innovations and governance leading to positive outcomes, highlighting areas of improvement in land governance, market reforms, water management, and digital agriculture. * **Action Required:** Continue implementing and refining agricultural schemes, monitoring their impact, and sharing best practices. **Stakeholder: Union Ministry of Finance and Corporate Affairs** * **Impact:** Informed of the progress and impact of state-level agricultural reforms for economic survey purposes. * **Action Required:** Continue to support and monitor state-level agricultural innovations through policy and funding.

Key Entities Referenced