Executive Summary
This report outlines the Ministry of Education's initiatives under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 to align higher education with industry requirements and employment opportunities. It highlights the implementation of the National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS), curriculum reforms by the UGC and AICTE, and the launch of digital platforms like NATS 2.0 and SWAYAM Plus. Key milestones include the deployment of ₹2892.75 crore in stipends between 2021 and 2026 and the September 2025 launch of Project PRACTICE.
Key Points / Main Content
Policy and Structural Framework
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 promotes multidisciplinary learning, industry-academic linkages, and flexible educational pathways.
Frameworks such as the National Credit Framework (NCrF), National Higher Education Qualifications Framework (NHEQF), and Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) facilitate the transfer of academic and experiential learning.
Apprenticeship and On-the-Job Training
The University Grants Commission (UGC) and AICTE issued guidelines for the Apprenticeship Embedded Degree Programme (AEDP) to provide practical exposure during study.
The National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS) engaged approximately 17.22 lakh apprentices between 2021-2022 and 2025-2026.
The NATS 2.0 portal was launched for digital registration, contract processing, and stipend monitoring.
Over 457 MOUs have been signed with Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) for AEDP implementation.
Curriculum and Pedagogical Reforms
AICTE has shifted focus from degree-centric learning to skill-based, industry-relevant curricula with reduced credit requirements to increase flexibility.
Mandatory industrial or social internships are now required for students to provide real-world exposure.
New curricula integrate emerging technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Robotics, and Cyber-Physical Systems.
Project PRACTICE (launched September 2025) targets HEIs in tier-2 and tier-3 cities to replace rote learning with hands-on, project-based training.
Skill Development and Digital Portals
The SWAYAM Plus portal offers over 500 industry-curated courses from 89 partners across 17 sectors, focusing on upskilling and reskilling.
Employability modules covering communication, ICT, entrepreneurship, and green skills have been integrated into job roles and SWAYAM curricula.
Specific support for vocational education is provided through Community Colleges and B.Voc. Degree Programmes.
Impact Analysis
Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and Technical InstitutionsImpact
Institutions must transition from theoretical instruction to outcome-based education and flexible credit systems. They are now responsible for implementing AEDP and facilitating industry-connected learning.
Action Required
Sign MOUs for apprenticeship programs, update curricula to include emerging technologies, and establish links with industry partners for student internships.
Students and YouthImpact
Students gain access to mandatory internships, vocational training, and a broader range of industry-relevant electives. They benefit from financial support via stipends during apprenticeships.
Action Required
Register on the NATS 2.0 and SWAYAM Plus portals, complete mandatory internships, and engage in project-based learning modules.
Industry and EstablishmentsImpact
Industry partners play a larger role in curriculum curation and the assessment of apprenticeship components. They gain a pipeline of graduates with hands-on experience and AI-relevant competencies.
Action Required
Collaborate with the Ministry and HEIs to provide internship opportunities, curate skill-based courses, and participate in the apprenticeship assessment process.
Ministry of Education / Regional Boards (BoATs/BoPT)Impact
These bodies are responsible for the administrative and financial oversight of training schemes, including the disbursement of thousands of crores in stipends.
Action Required
Manage the NATS 2.0 platform, monitor training quality, and ensure the continued expansion of industry-academic MOUs.
Key Entities Referenced
National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS): A scheme providing on-the-job training and stipendiary support to youth, managed through the technology-enabled NATS 2.0 portal.
Apprenticeship Embedded Degree Programme (AEDP): A program framework issued by UGC and AICTE to provide practical industry exposure to students during their course of study.
SWAYAM Plus portal: A digital platform launched to support upskilling and reskilling through industry-curated courses in emerging sectors like AI and Data Analytics.
Project PRACTICE: An AICTE initiative aimed at shifting focus from theoretical learning to hands-on project-based and industry-connected training in tier-2 and tier-3 cities.
National Education Policy (NEP) 2020: The foundational policy promoting multidisciplinary higher education and industry-academic linkages to enhance student employability.
Ministry of Education
Alignment of Academics with Employment
Opportunities
प्रव तथ: 29 JUL 2026 7:07PM by PIB Delhi
The National Education Policy (NEP), 2020 promotes holistic, multidisciplinary and flexible higher
education, enabling students to acquire knowledge and skills beyond a single discipline and pursue diverse
educational and professional pathways. It emphasizes the importance of industry-academic connect and
promotes research and innovation by setting up start-up incubation centres; centres in frontier areas of
research; greater industry-academic linkages; and interdisciplinary research including humanities and
social sciences. The National Credit Framework (NCrF), National Higher Education Qualifications
Framework (NHEQF), Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) and Multiple Entry and Multiple Exit provisions
provide a framework for integration, accumulation and transfer of academic, vocational and experiential
learning.
To strengthen the linkage between academic learning and job requirements, higher education curricula
provide for outcome-based education, skill-based modules, project-based learning, internships and
industry interaction. University Grants Commission (UGC) and All India Council for Technical Education
(AICTE) have issued Guidelines for Apprenticeship Embedded Degree Programme (AEDP) to be offered
by Higher Education Institutions and Technical Institutions to provide practical exposure during the course
of study expected with the aim to enhance competences of the graduates and the employment thereof.
UGC and AICTE follow an assessment process for the apprenticeship component involving
industry/establishment, academia and HEIs.
National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS) aims at providing on-the-job training and skilling of
Indian youth. It is implemented by the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education through
four regional Boards of Apprenticeship Training/Practical Training (BoATs/BoPT) located at Mumbai,
Kanpur, Chennai and Kolkata. During the last five years (2021-2022 to 2025-2026) approximately 17.22
lakh apprentices have been engaged under NATS. During this period, the Ministry of Education released
Rs 2892.75 crore towards stipend support to apprentices. The NATS 2.0 portal has been introduced as a
technology-enabled platform for registration and management of apprenticeship training, including digital
processing of apprenticeship contracts, monitoring of training and stipend-related processes and improved
tracking of apprentices and establishments. Under NATS, till date ~457 MOUs have been signed with
HEIs for AEDP implementation. Further more than 75,000 apprentices have benefited from the AI
Apprenticeship Programme.
AICTE has undertaken a comprehensive evaluation of Technical Education curricula in most of the
emerging areas and core engineering courses along with pedagogical practices to ensure alignment with
evolving industry requirements. This evaluation has focused on shifting emphasis from degree-centric
learning to skills, adaptability, hands-on exposure and industry relevance. Model curricula is developed in
consultation with leading academicians (from institutes of national importance), industry experts, public
organizations and research institutions. These curricula embed experiential learning, internships,
multidisciplinary exposure and emerging technology competencies to meet current and future workforceneeds. The model curriculum reduces credit requirements to allow for more flexibility and includes
"Value-added" courses focused on employability. A key outcome of the evaluation is the requirement for
mandatory internships (industrial/social) for students, providing direct exposure to real-world working
environments. A dedicated portal connects students directly with industry partners for internship. AICTE
has also launched Project PRACTICE in September 2025 that aims to shift focus from theoretical rote
learning to hands-on project-based learning and industry-connected, skill-based training in AICTE
approved institutions from tier-2/tier-3 cities. Further, AICTE has initiated several key reforms to integrate
work-based learning, project portfolios and AI-relevant competencies into campus programmes. The key
reforms include integration of emerging and AI-relevant technologies in curricula, inclusion of courses
and electives on Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Robotics, Cyber-Physical Systems, in
alignment with industry engagement.
The University Grant Commission (UGC) has supported skill-based education through Community
Colleges, B.Voc. Degree Programmes and Deen Dayal Upadhyay Centres for Knowledge Acquisition and
Upgradation of Skilled Human Abilities and Livelihood.
Employability skills modules have been included as a part of job roles/SWAYAM in the curriculum which
include Communication Skills, Self-Management Skills, Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) Skills, Entrepreneurship Skills and Green Skills. To support skill development, the SWAYAM Plus
portal has also been launched, focusing on upskilling and reskilling the workforce. More than 500 courses
have been developed curated from 89 industry partners across 17 sectors and offered in emerging areas
such as AI, Data Analyst etc.
This information was given by the Minister of State for Education, Dr. Sukanta Majumdar, in a written
reply in Rajya Sabha today.
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