Executive Summary:
This document contains three bills introduced in Lok Sabha on June 27, 2019. The first bill, the Indian Medical Council Amendment Act, 2019, amends the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956. The second, the Dentists Amendment Act, 2019, amends the Dentists Act, 1948. The third, the Central Educational Institutions Reservation in Teachers' Cadre Act, 2019, provides for reservation of posts in appointments by direct recruitment of persons belonging to the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, the socially and educationally backward classes and the economically weaker sections
Key Points / Main Content:
Indian Medical Council Amendment Act, 2019:
* Amends the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956.
* Subclause i of clause c of section 2 shall be deemed to have come into force on the 12th day of January, 2019.
* Replaces references to the "Indian Medical Council Amendment Act, 2010" with "Indian Medical Council Amendment Act, 2019" in subsection 1 of section 3A.
* Changes "three years" to "two years" in subsection 2 of section 3A.
* Changes "seven persons" to "twelve persons" in subsection 4(i) of section 3A.
* Adds "or proven administrative capacity and experience" to qualifications for Board of Governors members in subsection 4(ii) of section 3A.
* Inserts subsection 7A in section 3A, establishing a Secretary General appointed by the Central Government to head the Council's secretariat.
* Repeals the Indian Medical Council Amendment Second Ordinance, 2019.
Dentists Amendment Act, 2019:
* Amends the Dentists Act, 1948.
* Removes the requirement for at least two members registered in Part B of a State register in clause f of section 3.
* Omits clause b of section 21 regarding the election of four members from Part B to the State Dental Councils.
* Omits clause b of section 23 regarding the election of two members from Part B to the Joint State Dental Councils.
Central Educational Institutions Reservation in Teachers' Cadre Act, 2019:
* Provides for reservation of posts in direct recruitment of teachers in Central Educational Institutions for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, socially and educationally backward classes, and economically weaker sections.
* Came into force on March 7, 2019.
* Defines key terms such as "Central Educational Institution," "direct recruitment," and "teachers' cadre."
* A Central Educational Institution shall be regarded as one unit for the purpose of reservation of posts
* Exempts institutions of excellence, research institutions, institutions of national and strategic importance specified in the Schedule and Minority Educational Institutions from the provisions of section 3.
* Repeals the Central Educational Institutions Reservation in Teachers' Cadre Ordinance, 2019.
Impact Analysis:
Central Government:
* Impact: Responsible for appointing the Secretary General of the Medical Council, specifying the extent and manner of reservation of posts, and potentially amending the Schedule related to exempted educational institutions.
* Action Required: Appoint the Secretary General, issue notifications regarding reservation policies, and monitor the need for amendments to the Schedule.
Medical Council of India/Board of Governors:
* Impact: Governance and structure are modified, including the introduction of a Secretary General.
* Action Required: Implement the changes to the council's structure and operations as defined in the amended act.
Dental Council of India, State Dental Councils, Joint State Dental Councils:
* Impact: The composition and membership criteria of these councils are altered by removing representation from Part B dentists.
* Action Required: Adjust membership and election processes to align with the amended act.
Central Educational Institutions:
* Impact: Required to implement reservation policies for teaching positions.
* Action Required: Adjust recruitment processes to comply with the new reservation policies, treating the institution as one unit for reservation purposes.
Teachers/Applicants for Teaching Positions:
* Impact: Increased opportunities for individuals from reserved categories (Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, socially and educationally backward classes, and economically weaker sections).
* Action Required: N/A
Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Socially and Educationally Backward Classes, and Economically Weaker Sections:
* Impact: Increased representation in teaching positions in Central Educational Institutions.
* Action Required: N/A
Key Entities Referenced
Indian Medical Council Act, 1956: An act of the Parliament of India to provide for the reconstitution of the Medical Council of India and the maintenance of a Medical Register for India and for matters connected therewith.
Indian Medical Council Amendment Act, 2019: An act to amend the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956.
Medical Council of India: A statutory body which was entrusted to make recommendations to the Central Government in matters of recognition of medical qualifications, determining the courses of study and examinations required to obtain such qualifications, inspection of examinations and maintenance of register of medical practitioners, etc.
Board of Governors: An alternative mechanism in place of the Medical Council of India to bring transparency, accountability and quality in the governance of medical education in the country.
Dentists Act, 1948: An act to regulate the profession of dentistry.
Dental Council of India: A council for promoting dental education and dental profession in India.
Central Educational Institutions Reservation in Teachers' Cadre Act, 2019: An act to provide for the reservation of posts in appointments by direct recruitment of persons belonging to the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, the socially and educationally backward classes and the economically weaker sections, to teachers' cadre in certain Central Educational Institutions.
University Grants Commission Act, 1956: An act for the determination, coordination or maintenance of the standards of higher education in any Central Educational Institution
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LOK SABHA
————
The following Bills were introduced in Lok Sabha on 27th June, 2019:—
BILL NO. 110 OF 2019
A Bill further to amend the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956.
BE it enacted by Parliament in the Seventieth Year of the Republic of India as
follows:—
1. (1) This Act may be called the Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Act, 2019. Short title and
commencement.
(2) (A) The provisions of this Act shall, except sub-clause (i) of clause (c) of section 2,
be deemed to have come into force on the 26th day of September, 2018; and
(B) sub-clause (i) of clause (c) of section 2 shall be deemed to have come into force on
the 12th day of January, 2019.
102 of 1956. 2. In section 3A of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956,— Amendment
of section 3A.
(a) in sub-section (1), for the words, brackets and figures "Indian Medical Council
32 of 2010. (Amendment) Act, 2010", the words, brackets and figures "Indian Medical Council
(Amendment) Act, 2019" shall be substituted;2 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—
(b) in sub-section (2), for the words "three years", the words "two years" shall
be substituted;
(c) in sub-section (4),—
(i) for the words "seven persons", the words "twelve persons" shall be
substituted;
(ii) for the words "and medical education", the words "and medical
education or proven administrative capacity and experience" shall be
substituted;
(d) after sub-section (7), the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—
"(7A) The Board of Governors shall be assisted by a Secretary General
who shall be appointed by the Central Government on deputation or contract
basis and he shall be the head of the secretariat in the Council.".
Repeal and 3. (1) The Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Second Ordinance, 2019 is hereby Ord. 5 of 2019.
savings. repealed.
(2) Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or any action taken under the Indian
Medical Council Act, 1956, as amended by the said Ordinance, shall be deemed to have been 102 of 1956.
done or taken under the corresponding provisions of the said Act, as amended by this Act.SEC. 2] THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY 3
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS
The Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 was enacted to provide for the reconstitution
of the Medical Council of India and the maintenance of a Medical Register for India and for
matters connected therewith. The main functions of the Medical Council of India (the said
Council) is to make recommendations to the Central Government in matters of recognition
of medical qualifications, determining the courses of study and examinations required to
obtain such qualifications, inspection of examinations and maintenance of register of medical
practitioners, etc.
2. The working of the said Council has been under scrutiny since long time and the
same was examined by various expert bodies including the Department-related Parliamentary
Standing Committee on Health and Family Welfare, which in its Ninety-second Report, in
March, 2016, severely indicted the said Council. The Committee recommended that the
Government should bring a new comprehensive Bill in Parliament at the earliest so as to
restructure and revamp the regulatory system of medical education and medical practice
and to reform the Medical Council of India. Accordingly, the National Medical Commission
Bill, 2017 was introduced in Lok Sabha in December, 2017, which lapsed on the dissolution
of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha.
3. However, in view of the arbitrary action by the said Council in disregard to the
provisions of the said Act and regulations made thereunder, immediate steps were required
to be taken by the Government to put an alternative mechanism in place of the said Council
so as to bring transparency, accountability and quality in the governance of medical
education in the country. Hence, it has been decided to supersede the Medical Council of
India and entrust its affairs to a Board of Governors consisting of eminent doctors for a
period of two years or until the said Council is reconstituted, whichever is earlier.
4. As Parliament was not in session and urgent legislation was required to be made,
the President promulgated the Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Ordinance, 2018
on the 26th September, 2018. Subsequently, the Indian Medical Council (Amendment)
Bill, 2018, to replace the said Ordinance, was introduced in Lok Sabha on the 14th December,
2018 and was considered and passed in the said House on the 31st December, 2018. However,
before the said Bill could be taken up for consideration and passing in Rajya Sabha, the
Winter Session 2018 of Parliament adjourned sine die.
5. As the Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Ordinance, 2018 would cease to
operate in accordance with the provisions of sub-clause (a) of clause (2) of article 123 of the
Constitution, the Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Ordinance, 2019 was promulgated
by the President on the 12th January, 2019.
6. Subsequently, as the Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Bill, 2018 along with
official amendments could not be taken up for consideration and passing in Parliament, the
Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Second Ordinance, 2019 was promulgated by the
President on the 21st February, 2019.
7. However, pursuant to dissolution of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha, the aforementioned
Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Bill, 2018, which was pending consideration and
passing in Parliament, lapsed. Hence, the present Bill to replace the Indian Medical Council
(Amendment) Second Ordinance, 2019.
8. The Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Bill, 2019, inter alia, provides for the
following, namely:—
(a) to supersede the existing Medical Council of India and vest its powers in a
Board of Governors until the said Council is reconstituted;
(b) to amend sub-section (2) and sub-section (4) of section 3A to provide for
the reconstitution of the Council within a period of two years;4 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—
(c) to amend sub-section (4) of section 3A so as to add proven administrative
capacity and experience also as a qualification for nomination of members for the
Board of Governors and to increase the number of members of the Board of Governors
to twelve; and
(d) to insert a new sub-section (7A) in the said section to provide that the Board
of Governors shall be assisted by a Secretary General who shall be appointed by the
Central Government on deputation or contract basis and shall be the head of the
secretariat in the Council.
9. The Bill seeks to replace the Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Second
Ordinance, 2019.
NEW DELHI; HARSH VARDHAN.
.The 20th June, 2019.SEC. 2] THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY 5
FINANCIAL MEMORANDUM
Sub-clause (d) of clause 2 of the Bill seeks to amend section 3A of the Indian Medical
Council Act, 1956, which, inter alia, provides for the constitution of the Board of Governors
consisting of not more than twelve members in place of the existing Medical Council of
India for a period of two years or until the said Council is reconstituted or some other
arrangement is made, whichever is earlier. The proposed new sub-section (7A) of
section 3A provides for appointment of a Secretary General on deputation or contract basis
who shall be the head of the Secretariat of the said Council. The Chairperson and other
members, other than ex officio members, of the Board of Governors shall be entitled to such
sitting fee and other allowances as may be determined by the Central Government. Further,
the Secretary General shall be entitled to pay and allowances for discharging his duties. It
is expected that such expenditure on sitting fee and travelling and other allowances would
be minimal and will be met from the funds of the Medical Council of India.
2. The Bill does not envisage any recurring or non-recurring expenditure during the
current financial year, that is, 2019-20.6 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—
BILL NO. 111 OF 2019
A Bill further to amend the Dentists Act, 1948.
BE it enacted by Parliament in the Seventieth Year of the Republic of India as
follows:—
Short title and 1. (1) This Act may be called the Dentists (Amendment) Act, 2019.
commencement.
(2) It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, appoint.
Amendment 2. In section 3 of the Dentists Act, 1948 (hereinafter referred to as the principal 16 of 1948.
of section 3. Act), in clause (f), the words and letter "and at least two shall be dentists registered in
Part B of a State register" shall be omitted.
Amendment 3. In section 21 of the principal Act, clause (b) shall be omitted.
of section 21.
Amendment 4. In section 23 of the principal Act, clause (b) shall be omitted.
of section 23.SEC. 2] THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY 7
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS
The Dentists Act, 1948 (the Act) was enacted with a view to regulate the profession of
dentistry. Section 3 of the Act provides for the constitution of the Dental Council of India
(Council) for promoting dental education and dental profession in India. Section 31 of the
Act provides that the Council shall maintain a register of dentists known as the Indian
Dentists Register which consists of entries in all the State register of dentists. The register of
dentists shall be maintained in two parts, namely, Part A and Part B. Part A consisting of all
dentists possessing recognised dental qualifications and Part B which contains persons not
holding such qualifications but engaged in practice of dentistry as principal means of livelihood
for a period not less than five years prior to the date appointed under section 32.
2. Registration under Part B was allowed from a date prior to the commencement of the
Act i.e. 29th March, 1948 for the persons displaced during Partition and displaced from
Bangladesh or repatriated from Burma or Ceylon after 14th April, 1957 and before
25th March, 1971. However, no person has been registered in Part B after the year 1972.
There are approximately 950 dentists registered in Part B against 2.7 lakh dentists registered
in Part A. Moreover, only few States and Union territories like West Bengal, Kerala, Jammu
and Kashmir, Puducherry, Punjab and Delhi have dentists registered in Part B.
3. Section 3 of the Act provides that the Central Government nominates six members
to the Council as Central Government nominees, of whom at least two shall be dentists
registered in Part B of a State register. The Act also provides for the constitution of State
Dental Councils with four members and Joint State Dental Councils with two members elected
from among themselves by dentists registered in Part B of the State register.
4. In view of above, it is proposed to amend the Dentists Act, 1948 so as to take away
the mandatory requirement of the representation of Part B dentists in the Council, State
Dental Councils and Joint State Dental Councils.
5. The proposed Dentists (Amendment) Bill, 2019, provides for the following, namely:—
(a) to amend clause (f) of section 3 of the Act relating to membership of Council
so as to omit the provision for nomination of at least two members registered in Part B;
(b) to omit clause (b) of section 21 of the Act relating to election of four members
from Part B to the State Dental Councils; and
(c) to omit clause (b) of section 23 of the Act relating to election of two members
from Part B to the Joint State Dental Councils.
6. The Bill seeks to achieve the above objectives.
NEW DELHI; HARSH VARDHAN.
The 20th June, 2019.8 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—
BILL NO. 103 OF 2019
A Bill to provide for the reservation of posts in appointments by direct recruitment of
persons belonging to the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, the socially and
educationally backward classes and the economically weaker sections, to teachers'
cadre in certain Central Educational Institutions established, maintained or aided
by the Central Government, and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
BE it enacted by Parliament in the Seventieth Year of the Republic of India as follows:—
Short title and 1. (1) This Act may be called the Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in
commencement. Teachers' Cadre) Act, 2019.
(2) It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 7th day of March, 2019.
Definitions. 2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(a) "appropriate authority" means the University Grants Commission established
under the University Grants Commission Act, 1956, or any other authority or body
3 of 1956.
established by or under a Central Act for the determination, coordination or maintenance
of the standards of higher education in any Central Educational Institution;SEC. 2] THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY 9
(b) "branch of study" means a branch of study leading to three principal levels
of qualifications at bachelors (under graduate), masters (post graduate) and doctoral
levels;
(c) "Central Educational Institution" means—
(i) a University established or incorporated by or under a Central Act;
(ii) an institution of national importance established by an Act of Parliament;
(iii) an institution, declared as an institution deemed to be University
3 of 1956. under section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956, and maintained
by or receiving aid from the Central Government;
(iv) an institution maintained by or receiving aid from the Central
Government, whether directly or indirectly, and affiliated to an institution referred
to in sub-clause (i) or sub-clause (ii), or a constituent unit of an institution
referred to in sub-clause (iii); and
(v) an educational institution established by the Central Government under
21 of 1860. the Societies Registration Act, 1860;
(d) "direct recruitment" means the process of appointing faculty by inviting
applications against public advertisement from persons eligible to teach in a Central
Educational Institution;
(e) "economically weaker sections" means such weaker sections as are referred
to in Explanation to clause (6) of article 15 of the Constitution;
(f) "faculty" means the faculty of a Central Educational Institution;
(g) "Minority Educational Institution" means an institution established and
administered by the minorities under clause (1) of article 30 of the Constitution and so
declared by an Act of Parliament or by the Central Government or declared as a Minority
Educational Institution under the National Commission for Minority Educational
2 of 2005. Institutions Act, 2004;
(h) "sanctioned strength" means the number of posts in teachers' cadre approved
by the appropriate authority;
(i) "Scheduled Castes" means the Scheduled Castes notified under article 341 of
the Constitution;
(j) "Scheduled Tribes" means the Scheduled Tribes notified under article 342 of
the Constitution;
(k) "socially and educationally backward classes" means such backward classes
as are so deemed under article 342A of the Constitution;
(l) "teachers' cadre" means a class of all the teachers of a Central Educational
Institution, regardless of the branch of study or faculty, who are remunerated at the
same grade of pay, excluding any allowance or bonus.
3. (1) Notwithstanding anything in any other law for the time being in force, there shall Reservation
be reservation of posts in direct recruitment out of the sanctioned strength in teachers' cadre of posts in
recruitments
in a Central Educational Institution to the extent and in the manner as may be specified by the
by Central
Central Government by notification in the Official Gazette.
Educational
Institutions.
(2) For the purpose of reservation of posts, a Central Educational Institution shall be
regarded as one unit.
4. (1) The provisions of section 3 shall not apply to— Act not
to apply in
(a) the institutions of excellence, research institutions, institutions of national
certain cases.
and strategic importance specified in the Schedule to this Act;10 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—
(b) a Minority Educational Institution.
(2) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, amend the
Schedule referred to in clause (a) of sub-section (1) from time to time.
5. Every notification made by the Central Government under this Act shall be laid, as
Laying of
notifications soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament while it is in session, for a
before total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive
Parliament.
sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the
successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification in the
notification or both Houses agree that the notification should not be made, the notification
shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be;
so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the
validity of anything previously done under that notification.
6. (1) The Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Teachers' Cadre) Ord. 13 of
Repeal and
savings. Ordinance, 2019 is hereby repealed. 2019.
(2) Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or any action taken under the said
Ordinance shall be deemed to have been done or taken under this Act.SEC. 2] THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY 11
THE SCHEDULE
[See section 4(1)(a)]
Sl. No. Name of the Institution of Excellence, etc.
(1) (2)
1. Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai and its constituent units, namely:—
(i) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay;
(ii) Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam;
(iii) Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore;
(iv) Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar;
(v) Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata;
(vi) Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata;
(vii) Institute of Physics, Bhubaneshwar;
(viii) Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai;
(ix) Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad;
(x) Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai.
2. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai.
3. North-Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Science,
Shillong.
4. National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon.
5. Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore.
6. Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad.
7. Space Physics Laboratory, Thiruvananthapuram.
8. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun.12 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS
Sub-clause (c) of clause 6 and sub-clause (a) of clause 8 of the University Grants
Commission Guidelines, 2006 provide that the cadre or unit for determining reservation
roster points in teaching posts in Central Universities should be the University or College
and not the Department or subject. However, the said clauses were quashed by the High
Court of Allahabad vide W.P. 43260 of 2016 dated the 7th April, 2017 and the said judgment
was upheld by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court took a stand that cadres cannot be
combined for the purpose of reservation. However, the process of recruitment had come to
complete standstill leaving more than 7,000 faculty vacancies in various Central Universities,
thus adversely impacting the teaching process and academic standards.
2. In view of the urgency to fill up the vacant posts and to protect the interests of the
Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and the socially and educationally backward classes,
it had become necessary to enact a legislation in the matter.
3. The Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Teachers' Cadre) Bill, 2019,
which seeks to replace the Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Teachers' Cadre)
Ordinance, 2019, provides for the following, namely:—
(i) to provide for the reservation of posts in appointments by direct recruitment
of persons belonging to the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and the socially
and educationally backward classes, to teachers' cadre in certain Central Educational
Institutions established, maintained or aided by the Central Government and to extend
the said reservations to the economically weaker sections in the light of the Constitution
(One Hundred and Third) Amendment Act, 2019;
(ii) clause 3 of the Bill provides that the extent and the manner of reservation of
posts shall be notified by the Central Government and for the purpose of reservation
of posts a Central Educational Institution shall be regarded as one unit; and
(iii) the provisions of clause 3 of the Bill shall not apply to the institutions of
excellence, research institutions, institutions of national and strategic importance
specified in the Schedule or a Minority Educational Institution.
4. As the Parliament was not in session and an urgent legislation was required to be
made, the President promulgated the Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Teachers'
Cadre) Ordinance, 2019 (Ord. 13 of 2019) on the 7th day of March, 2019.
5. The Bill seeks to replace the aforesaid Ordinance.
NEW DELHI; RAMESH POKHRIYAL 'NISHANK'.
The 4th June, 2019.SEC. 2] THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY 13
FINANCIAL MEMORANDUM
In the Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Teachers' Cadre) Bill, 2019, a
Central Educational Institution has been treated as one unit for providing reservation to the
Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, the socially and educationally backward classes
and the economically weaker sections.
2. For providing reservation to the aforesaid categories in direct recruitment to the
posts of Assistant Professor level, provision is already made in the regular Budget Estimates.
3. Further, in order to cater to the requirement of creation of additional faculty posts in
Central Educational Institutions due to the provision of 10 per cent. reservation in admission
for economically weaker sections category in Central Educational Institutions, a provision of
Rs.717.83 crores is required for 2019-20 and 2020-21 and the same has been sanctioned. After
2020-21, the additional posts of the faculty will be factored in the regular budget estimates.14 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY [PART II— SEC. 2]
MEMORANDUM REGARDING DELEGATED LEGISLATION
Sub-clause (1) of clause 3 of the Bill empowers the Central Government, by notification,
to specify the extent and the manner of reservation of posts in recruitment by the Central
Educational Institutions. Sub-clause (2) of clause 4 of the Bill empowers the Central
Government, by notification, to amend the Schedule to the Bill from time to time.
2. The matters in respect of which the notifications may be issued are matters of
procedure and administrative detail and it is not practicable to provide for them in the Bill
itself. The delegation of legislative power is, therefore, of a normal character.
——————
SNEHLATA SHRIVASTAVA
Secretary General
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