**Executive Summary**
The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has released a discussion paper to establish a methodology for the monetary valuation of coal assets in India, aligned with the UN System of Environmental-Economic Accounting. This initiative aims to move beyond physical tracking to experimental monetary accounting to support sustainable resource management and national policymaking. Experts and organizations are invited to submit feedback to MoSPI’s Environment Unit to help finalize the standardized national framework.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **Background and Alignment**
* The paper follows the United Nations System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) Central Framework.
* It builds upon physical asset accounts for mineral and energy resources compiled by MoSPI since 2018 through *EnviStats India* and *Energy Statistics India*.
* Monetary valuation is intended to measure natural resource wealth, assess depletion costs, and estimate future government revenues.
* **Methodological Review and Recommendation**
* The document reviews three international methodologies: OECD (2025) Compilation Guide, World Bank’s Changing Wealth of Nations (2024), and a Philippines-based methodology (2024).
* The OECD (2025) methodology is recommended as the most appropriate for India due to its conceptual rigour and feasibility within India's existing National Accounts Statistics (NAS) infrastructure.
* The selected approach utilizes the Net Present Value (NPV) method applied to future resource rents estimated through the Residual Value Method.
* **Focus on Coal Resources**
* Coal was selected for the illustrative case due to its strategic importance to electricity generation and core industries like steel and cement.
* The paper includes physical asset accounts for coal from 2015-16 to 2023-24.
* Data is sourced from the Geological Survey of India, noting record production levels in 2024-25 (over 1,047 million tonnes of raw coal).
**Impact Analysis**
**Experts, Researchers, and International Organizations**
**Impact**
These stakeholders are provided with a conceptual framework for natural capital accounting, placing India at the forefront of such initiatives among emerging economies.
**Action Required**
Review the discussion paper and provide technical feedback or comments to the Social Statistics Division of MoSPI at ssd-mospi[at]gov[dot]in.
**Government Agencies and Policymakers**
**Impact**
The adoption of monetary asset accounts will provide a foundational input for data-driven policymaking, enabling better assessment of the economic value of India's natural resource endowment.
**Action Required**
Utilize the presented physical accounts and proposed monetary frameworks to align sectoral policies with the National Mineral Policy 2019 regarding sustainable mining practices.
Key Entities Referenced
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI): The primary nodal ministry responsible for releasing the discussion paper and implementing the monetary valuation of natural resources within India's national statistical system.
Discussion Paper on Methodological Approaches for Compilation of Monetary Asset Accounts of Coal in India: The central policy document proposing a conceptual framework and selecting a methodology for the monetary valuation of India's coal reserves.
System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) Central Framework: The international statistical standard endorsed by the UN Statistical Commission that serves as the foundation for the proposed monetary asset accounting in India.
National Mineral Policy, 2019: The policy framework that mandates sustainable mining practices and provides the regulatory context for the economic valuation of mineral resources.
OECD (2025) Compilation Guide for Measuring Natural Resources in the National Accounts: The specific international methodology identified as most appropriate for adoption in India to calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of resource rents.
Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation
Discussion Paper on Methodological
Approaches for Compilation of Monetary Asset
Accounts of Coal in India
प्रव तथ: 24 JUN 2026 1:11PM by PIB Delhi
The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has released a Discussion Paper titled
"Methodological Approaches for Compilation of Monetary Asset Accounts of Coal in India", aligned
with the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) Central Framework, endorsed by
the United Nations Statistical Commission as an international statistical standard.
Since 2018, MoSPI has been following the UN SEEA Framework and compiling physical asset accounts
for coal and other mineral and energy resources through the EnviStats India series and Energy Statistics
India. Building on this foundation, MoSPI has taken a further step by initiating the experimental monetary
valuation and compilation of monetary asset accounts for mineral and energy resources.
The monetary valuation of environmental assets provides a measure of the economic value embodied in
India's natural resource endowment, enables assessment of depletion costs, supports the estimation of
future government revenues from resource extraction, and facilitates comparison across different
environmental assets. The National Mineral Policy, 2019 mandates sustainable mining practices, making
such valuation directly relevant to India's policy framework.
About the Discussion Paper
The Discussion Paper presents a detailed conceptual framework for monetary valuation of non-renewable
mineral and energy resources as prescribed in the SEEA Central Framework, and systematically reviews
and compares three alternative international methodologies, OECD (2025) Compilation Guide for
Measuring Natural Resources in the National Accounts, the World Bank's Changing Wealth of Nations
(CWON, 2024), and the Philippines-based methodology (2024), examining their conceptual foundations,
data requirements, and potential data sources for the Indian context to identify the most appropriate
approach for adoption within India's national statistical system. The paper also presents physical asset
accounts for coal in India for the period 2015-16 to 2023-24, using data from the Geological Survey of
India through EnviStats India 2024 and Energy Statistics India 2025.
Coal has been selected as the illustrative case given its strategic importance to India's economy. As the
nation's most abundant domestic energy resource, coal accounts for the majority of India's electricity
generation and supports a wide range of core industries including steel, cement, and chemicals. India
achieved record raw coal production of 1,047.523 million tonnes and lignite production of 45.133 million
tonnes in 2024-25, underscoring the resource's centrality to India's energy security and the Atmanirbhar
Bharat vision. At the same time, as a non-renewable resource, the need for its sustainable management
makes monetary asset valuation all the more important.
Key Findings and Recommended MethodologyOf the three methodologies reviewed, the OECD (2025) methodology is identified as the most appropriate
for the Indian context, given its conceptual rigour, grounding in the SEEA Central Framework and the
System of National Accounts (SNA 2025), and feasibility within India's existing data infrastructure,
particularly the National Accounts Statistics (NAS) compiled by MoSPI. The methodology applies the Net
Present Value (NPV) approach to future resource rents estimated through the Residual Value Method,
drawing on national accounts aggregates.
This Discussion Paper is issued as an open invitation for comments and feedback from experts,
researchers, government agencies, and international organisations. Responses received will assist in
finalisation of a standardised methodology for monetary valuation of non-renewable mineral resources
within India's national accounts framework, placing India at the forefront of natural capital accounting
among emerging economies. Accurate and transparent monetary valuation of India's mineral and energy
resources will serve as a foundational input for data-driven policymaking and sustainable development.
Feedback may be submitted to the Environment Unit, Social Statistics Division, MoSPI at ssd-mospi[at]go
v[dot]in.
The Discussion paper is available at the Scan the QR code to access the Discussion Paper
Ministry’s website www.mospi.gov.in
***
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