**Executive Summary**
The Ministry of Home Affairs report, dated December 17, 2025, provides an overview of the impacts of Left Wing Extremism (LWE) and the Government of India's (GoI) efforts to address it since the approval of the "National Policy and Action Plan to address LWE” in 2015. The report highlights a decline in LWE violence and a constriction of its geographical spread. The report includes a summary of the number of civilians and security forces martyred from 2020-2025.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **LWE Situation & Government Strategy:**
* GoI supplements state efforts to manage police and public order related to LWE.
* The National Policy and Action Plan to address LWE (approved in 2015) uses a multi-pronged strategy involving security, development, and rights.
* This plan has led to a decline in violence and geographic spread of LWE.
* Focus is on development in tribal and remote areas to address the root causes of Naxalism.
* **Decline in Violence:**
* LWE violence incidents decreased by 89% from 1936 in 2010 to 222 in 2025.
* Civilian & Security Forces deaths decreased by 91% from 1005 in 2010 to 95 in 2025.
* LWE-affected districts decreased from 126 in April 2018 to 11 in October 2025, with only 3 districts categorized as "Most LWE Affected."
* **Security Measures:**
* GoI provides CAPF battalions, helicopter support, infrastructure, training, and modernization funds to states.
* Rs. 1,643 crore released from FY 2020-21 to 2024-25 for operational expenses, training, rehabilitation, and ex-gratia payments.
* Rs. 1757 crore sanctioned for strengthening state special forces, intelligence branches, and police stations.
* 656 fortified police stations and 377 new security camps have been established in LWE affected areas.
* **Surrender & Rehabilitation:**
* GoI and State Governments have formulated surrender-cum-rehabilitation policies.
* GoI reimburses states for rehabilitation expenses under the SRE scheme.
* Rehabilitation includes grants (Rs. 5 lakhs for higher ranked, Rs. 2.5 lakhs for others), weapon surrender incentives, and vocational training with a monthly stipend of Rs. 10,000 for three years.
* **Development Initiatives:**
* Focus on expanding road networks, improving telecom connectivity, education, skill development, and financial inclusion.
* 8301 km of roads constructed under Road Requirement Plan (RRP) and Road Connectivity Project for LWE Affected Areas (RCPLWEA).
* 6,775 telecom towers commissioned.
* 19 Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) and 05 Skill Development Centres (SDC) are functional.
* 95 Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) are functional.
* 4,262 Post Offices with banking services and 719 Bank Branches & 204 ATMs opened in LWE affected districts.
* Rs. 1,576 crore released under Special Central Assistance (SCA) for public infrastructure.
**Impact Analysis**
**State Governments**
*Impact:* States are responsible for police and public order, and are supplemented by the GoI to handle LWE. They benefit from funds and resources for security measures, infrastructure, and rehabilitation.
*Action Required:* Implement policies and utilize resources effectively to address LWE and provide support to affected populations.
**Security Forces**
*Impact:* Security Forces are at the forefront of combating LWE and have suffered casualties. They are supported through training, equipment, infrastructure, and financial assistance to families of martyred personnel.
*Action Required:* Continue to actively combat LWE, utilize provided resources effectively, and coordinate with state and central agencies.
**Local Communities (including surrendered LWE cadres)**
*Impact:* Local communities have been affected by LWE violence. The government aims to protect their rights, provide development opportunities, and encourage LWE cadres to surrender and rehabilitate.
*Action Required:* Engage with government initiatives, participate in development programs, and for LWE cadres, consider surrendering and taking advantage of rehabilitation policies.
Key Entities Referenced
Left Wing Extremism (LWE): The primary subject and focus of the policy, referring to Naxalism and related violence.
Ministry of Home Affairs: The central ministry responsible for addressing LWE.
National Policy and Action Plan to address LWE: The key policy document guiding the government's strategy against LWE.
Security Related Expenditure (SRE) scheme: A scheme providing financial assistance to LWE-affected states.
Road Requirement Plan (RRP) and Road Connectivity Project for LWE Affected Areas (RCPLWEA): Schemes designed to improve road infrastructure in LWE-affected regions.
Ministry of Home Affairs
IMPACTS OF LEFT WING EXTREMISM
प्रव तथ: 17 DEC 2025 3:33PM by PIB Delhi
As per Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India, subjects of Police and Public Order are with the
State Governments. However, the Government of India (GoI) has been supplementing the efforts of
States affected by Left Wing Extremism (LWE). To address the LWE menace holistically, a “National
Policy and Action Plan to address LWE” was approved in 2015. It envisages a multi-pronged strategy
involving security related measures, development interventions, ensuring rights and entitlements of
local communities etc. The resolute implementation of the National Policy and Action Plan 2015 has
resulted in consistent decline in violence and constriction of geographical spread. LWE which has
been a serious challenge to the internal security of the nation has been significantly curbed in the
recent times and has been constricted to only a few pockets. The LWE perpetrated violence incidents
have come down from high of 1936 in year 2010 by 89% to 222 in 2025. Resultant deaths of Civilians
& Security Forces have also come down from high of 1005 in year 2010 by 91% to 95 in year 2025.
The number of LWE- affected districts reduced from 126 to 90 in April-2018, 70 in July-2021, 38 in
April-2024, 18 in April-2025 and only 11 in October-2025 with only 3 districts now categorized as
Most LWE Affected. The government’s focus on development in tribal and remote areas has addressed
the root cause of Naxalism. Improved law and order and security situation, accompanied by
investment in infrastructure has created an enabling environment for enhanced economic development
including increase in public/private investment.
On security front, GoI provides Central Armed Police Force (CAPF) battalions, helicopter support,
strengthening of camp infrastructure, training, funds for modernization of State police forces,
equipment & arms, sharing of intelligence, construction of Fortified Police Stations and sanctioning of
India Reserve Battalions etc.
For capacity building of states a total of approx. Rs. 1,643 crore have been released from FY 2020-21 to
2024-25 to LWE affected states on operational expenditure and training needs of Security Forces,
rehabilitation of surrendered LWE cadre, ex-gratia to families of civilians killed in LWE
violence/martyred security force personnel etc. under Security Related Expenditure (SRE) scheme. Works
of Rs. 1757 crore have been sanctioned to LWE affected states for strengthening of State’s Special Forces,
State Intelligence Branches (SIBs), District Police and construction of Fortified Police Stations (FPS)
under Special Infrastructure Scheme (SIS).
To encourage LWEs to join the mainstream, GoI and State Governments have formulated comprehensive
surrender-cum-rehabilitation policies. The GoI also supports the States in the endeavor through
‘Surrender- cum-Rehabilitation’ Policy as part of Security Related Expenditure (SRE)
Scheme. The GoI reimburses the expenditure incurred by the LWE affected States on
rehabilitation of surrenderees under the SRE Scheme. The rehabilitation package inter-alia,
includes an immediate grant of Rs. 5 lakhs for higher ranked LWE cadres and Rs 2.5 lakhs for
other LWE cadres. In addition, incentives for surrender of weapons/ammunition are also
provided under the Scheme. In addition, provision also exists for imparting training intrade/vocation of their liking with monthly stipend of Rs. 10,000/- for three years. The affected
States have further revised their Surrender cum Rehabilitation policies to make them lucrative
and contemporary.
The efforts of the States for equipping and modernizing their police forces have been supplemented under
the scheme of “Assistance to States & UTs for Modernization of Police”. Under the scheme, central
assistance is provided to the State Governments for weapons, equipment for Information Technology,
Communication, Training, construction of Police stations, mobility and construction of police housing and
other police infrastructure etc.
There has been a special focus on the financial choking of LWEs and unearthing of the nexus between CPI
(Maoists) and its financial supporters. For effective action towards choking of funds and other resources to
LWE, coordinated actions are being taken by State Police in cooperation with Central agencies by various
means.
The GoI’s focus on security infrastructure has been pivotal. In the last decade 656 fortified police stations
have been built. Besides, 377 new security camps have been established in core LWE affected areas in last
six years.
On development front, apart from the flagship schemes of Government of India (GoI), several LWE
affected areas specific initiatives have been taken with special thrust on expansion of road network,
improving telecommunication connectivity, education, skill development and financial inclusion. A
few of these programmes since FY 2020-21 are enumerated below:
For expansion of road network, 8301 km have been constructed under 02 LWE specific schemes
namely Road Requirement Plan (RRP) and Road Connectivity Project for LWE Affected Areas
(RCPLWEA).
For improving telecom connectivity in LWE affected areas 6,775 towers have been commissioned.
For Skill Development, 19 Industrial Training Institute (ITI) and 05 Skill Development Centres
(SDC) have been functional.
For quality education in tribal areas 95 Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) have been
made functional.
For financial inclusion, Department of Posts has opened 4,262 Post Offices with banking services in
LWE affected districts. 719 Bank Branches and 204 ATMs have been opened in Most LWE affected
districts.
For further impetus to development, funds are provided for filling critical gaps in public
infrastructure in Most LWE affected Districts under Special Central Assistance (SCA) scheme. A
total of approx. Rs. 1,576 crore have been released from FY 2020-21 to 2024-25.
The details of death of civilians, Security Forces martyred, in the country during the period 2020-2025
is given at Annexure.
GoI is committed for complete eradication of LWE from our country as well as holistic development
of areas getting freed from Left Wing Extremism.
****
Annexure
LWE: Violence Data
Year Civilians Death SFs martyred2020 140 43
2021 97 50
2022 82 16
2023 106 32
2024 131 19
2025 (Till 61 32
01.12.2025)
Total 617 192
This was stated by the Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs Shri Nityanand Rai in a
written reply to a question in the Rajya Sabha.
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