Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Repurchase Transactions (Repo)) Directions, 2025

RBI/FMRD/2025-26/142 FMRD.DIRD.04/14.03.038/2025-26 November 11, 2025 To All participants in repo market Dear Sir/Madam Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Repurchase Transactions (Repo)) Directions, 2025 Please refer to the Repurchase Transactions (Repo) (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2018 dated July 24, 2018, as amended from time to time.

2. The Central Government in exercise of the powers conferred by clause (e) of

section 45U of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (2 of 1934), has specified the Municipal Debt Securities, having the meaning assigned to it in the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992) or the rules or regulations made thereunder, to be as security under the said section for the purposes of “repo” and “reverse repo” vide notification dated October 22, 2025 in the Official Gazette.

3. Accordingly, the aforesaid Directions are being updated to include Municipal Debt Securities as eligible securities for repo transactions. The Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Repurchase Transactions (Repo)) Directions, 2025, have been issued today and are enclosed herewith.

4. These Directions have been issued by the Reserve Bank in exercise of the powers conferred under section 45W of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, read with

section 45U of the Act and of all the powers enabling it in this behalf.

5. These Directions shall be applicable with immediate effect.

Yours faithfully (Dimple Bhandia) Chief General ManagerRESERVE BANK OF INDIA FINANCIAL MARKETS REGULATION DEPARTMENT 9th FLOOR, CENTRAL OFFICE BUILDING, FORT MUMBAI 400 001

Notification No. FMRD.DIRD.05/14.03.038/2025-26 dated Nov 11, 2025 Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Repurchase Transactions (Repo)) Directions, 2025 In exercise of the powers conferred by section 45W of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (RBI Act) and of all the powers enabling it in this behalf, the Reserve Bank of India (the Reserve Bank) having considered it necessary in public interest and with a view to regulate the financial system of the country to its advantage, hereby issues the following directions to all the persons eligible to participate or transact business in market repurchase transactions (repos) in India.

1. Short title, commencement and applicability of the directions

(1) These Directions shall be called as the Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Repurchase Transactions (Repo)) Directions, 2025 and shall supersede all other directions issued on the subject and covered by these regulations. These Directions shall come into force with immediate effect.

(2) These Directions shall be applicable to repurchase transactions (Repo), undertaken on recognized stock exchanges, electronic trading platforms (ETP) and Over-the-Counter (OTC) to the extent stated herein. In case of exchange traded repurchase transactions (Repo), procedure for execution and settlement of trades shall be in accordance with the rules and regulations issued by the recognized stock exchange/Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

(3) These Directions shall not apply to repo/ reverse repo transactions under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility and the Marginal Standing Facility, which would continue to be regulated as per the existing regulations.

2. Definitions

(1) In these Directions, unless the context otherwise requires-

(a) “Corporate bonds and debentures” mean non-convertible debt securities issued in India which create or acknowledge indebtedness, including (i) debentures(ii) bonds (iii) commercial papers (iv) certificate of deposits and such other securities of a company, a multilateral financial institution (MFI) or a body corporate constituted by or under a Central Act or a State Act, whether constituting a charge on the assets of the company or body corporate or not, but does not include debt securities issued by Central Government or a State Government, or such other persons as may be specified by the Reserve Bank, security receipts and securitized debt instruments.

(b) “Commercial Paper (CP)” is an unsecured money market instrument issued in the form of a promissory note. The original tenor of a CP shall be between seven days to one year.

(c) “Certificate of Deposit (CD)” is a negotiable money market instrument and issued in dematerialized form or as a Usance Promissory Note against funds deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institution for a specified time period.

(d) “Debt ETF” is an exchange traded fund that invests only in eligible securities specified in para 3(1) of these directions.

(e) “Delivery versus Payment (DvP)” is a settlement mechanism which stipulates that transfer of funds from the buyer of securities is made simultaneously with the transfer of securities by the seller of securities.

(f) “Government securities” shall have the same meaning as defined in Section 2(f) of the Government Securities Act, 2006.

(g) “Haircut” is the difference between the market value of the collateral and the amount borrowed/lent against that collateral.

(h) “Listed corporate” means a company or firm whose shares and (or) debt are listed and traded on a recognized stock exchange/s.

(i) “MFIs” are multilateral financial institutions in which Government of India is a member.

(j) “Municipal Debt Securities” shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992) or the rules or regulations made thereunder.

(k) “Recognized stock exchange” shall have the same meaning as defined in

Section 2 (f) of Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (42 of 1956).

(l) “Regulated entity” means any person, other than an individual or HUF, whose business activities are being regulated by any one of the financial regulators in Indiaviz., Reserve Bank of India, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA), National Housing Bank (NHB) and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).

(m) “Related entity” of a company or a firm means any company or firm which is (i) a holding, subsidiary or an associate company of such company; or (ii) a subsidiary of a holding company to which it is also a subsidiary. The holding, subsidiary and associate company shall have the same meaning as defined in Companies Act,

2013.

(n) “Repo” shall have the same meaning as defined in Section 45U (c) of RBI Act,

1934. “Reverse Repo” shall have the same meaning as defined in Section 45U (d) of RBI Act, 1934.

Explanation: A ‘repo’ transaction by an entity is ‘reverse repo’ transaction for the counterpart entity. For the purpose of these Directions, the word ‘repo’ is used to mean both ‘repo’ and ‘reverse repo’ with the appropriate meaning applied contextually.

(o) “Securitized debt instrument” means securities of the nature referred to in sub- clause (ie) of clause (h) of section 2 of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (42 of 1956).

(p) “Security Receipts” means a security as defined in clause (zg) of section 2 of the Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (54 of 2002).

(q) “Tri-party repo” means a repo contract where a third entity (apart from the borrower and lender), called a Tri-Party Agent, acts as an intermediary between the two parties to the repo to facilitate services like collateral selection, payment and settlement, custody and management during the life of the transaction.

(2) The words and expressions used, but not defined in these Directions, shall have the meaning assigned to them in the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, or in any other Master Circular/Notification/Direction issued by the Reserve Bank, unless anything is stated by the Reserve Bank to the contrary.3. Eligible securities for repo

(1) The securities eligible for repo under these Directions shall include:

(a) Government securities issued by the Central Government or a State Government.

(b) Listed corporate bonds and debentures, subject to the condition that no participant shall borrow against the collateral of its own securities, or securities issued by a related entity.

(c) Commercial Papers (CPs) and Certificate of Deposits (CDs).

(d) Units of Debt ETFs.

(e) Municipal Debt Securities.

(f) Any other security of a local authority as may be specified in this behalf by the Central Government.

4. Eligible participants

(1) The following are eligible to participate in repo transaction under these Directions:

(a) Any regulated entity.

(b) Any listed corporate.

(c) Any unlisted company, which has been issued special securities by the Government of India, using only such special securities as collateral.

(d) Any All India Financial Institution (FIs) viz. Exim Bank, NABARD, NHB, Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) and National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development, constituted by an Act of Parliament and

(e) Any other entity approved by the Reserve Bank from time to time for this purpose.

5. Tenor Repos shall be undertaken for a minimum period of one day and a maximum period of one year.6. Tri-Party Agent The eligibility criteria, roles and obligation, application procedure for authorization, and exit procedure for Tri-party Agent are given in Annex I of these Directions.

7. Trading venues Repo transactions may be traded on any recognized stock exchanges, or an electronic trading platform (ETP) duly authorised by the Reserve Bank or in the over- the-counter (OTC) market. However, prior approval of the Reserve Bank is required for trading repos on any trading platform, including on recognized stock exchanges.

8. Trading process Repo transactions, including tri-party repo transactions, may use any mutually agreed trading process, including but not limited to, bilateral or multilateral, quote driven or order driven processes, anonymous or otherwise.

9. Reporting of trades

(1) All repo transactions, other than those on recognized stock exchanges or on approved electronic trading platforms, that disseminate trade information on the platforms, shall be reported within 15 minutes of the trade: repo in Government securities to the Clearcorp Repo Order Matching System (CROMS) and repo in other eligible securities to the reporting platform F-TRAC, respectively.

(2) All trading and reporting platforms, including recognized stock exchanges, for repo transactions shall provide any data or other information to the Reserve Bank or to any entity as may be required by the Reserve Bank.

(3) The participants to repo transactions acting under these Directions shall furnish any information or data sought by the Reserve Bank within the period stipulated in the letter/mail issued to the participant to furnish such information or data.

10. Settlement of trades

(1) Settlement of trades under these Directions shall be-

(a) The first leg of all repo transactions shall settle either on a T+0 or T+1 basis.

(b) All repo transactions shall settle on a Delivery vs Payments (DvP) basis.

(c) All repos in government securities shall settle through CCIL or any other clearing agency approved by the Reserve Bank.(d) All repos in other eligible securities shall settle through the clearing house of exchanges or any other entity which has been approved by the Reserve Bank.

11. Sale and substitution of repoed security

(1) Securities purchased under repo may be-

(a) On-sold either as an outright transaction or as part of another repo transaction.

Outright sale of securities acquired under repo shall be undertaken only by such entities that are eligible to undertake short sale transactions in terms of the relevant directions of the Reserve Bank and in such securities that are permitted to be short sold.

(b) Substituted by another security in terms of the rules of any approved clearing agency.

12. Pricing of collateral, haircut and margining

(1) In case of repo transactions under these Directions-

(a) Collaterals shall be priced transparently at prevailing market prices, in the first leg of a repo.

(b) The price for the second leg will be the price for the first leg plus interest.

(c) Haircut/ margins will be decided either by the clearing house or may be bilaterally agreed upon, in terms of the documentation governing repo transactions, subject to

the following stipulations: i. Listed corporate bonds and debentures shall carry a minimum haircut of 2% of market value. Additional haircut may be charged based on tenor and illiquidity of the security.

ii. CPs and CDs shall carry a minimum haircut of 1.5% of market value. iii. Securities issued by a local authority shall carry a minimum haircut of 2% of market value. Additional haircut may be charged based on tenor and illiquidity of the security.

13. Accounting, presentation, valuation and disclosure

(1) Repos shall be accounted by entities regulated by the Reserve Bank as per guidelines contained in Annex II.

(2) Other eligible participants may account for repo transactions as per applicable accounting standards.14. Computation of Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) /Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) and borrowing limit

(1) Funds borrowed under repo including tri-party repo in government securities shall be exempted from CRR/SLR computation and the security acquired under repo shall be eligible for SLR provided the security is primarily eligible for SLR as per the provisions of the Act under which it is required to be maintained.

(2) Borrowings by a bank through repo in corporate bonds and debentures shall be reckoned as liabilities for Cash Reserve Ratio/ Statutory Liquidity Ratio requirement and, to the extent these liabilities are to the banking system, they shall be netted as per section 42(1) of the RBI Act, 1934.

15. Documentation

(1) Participants shall enter into standard bilateral master repo agreements as per the documentation finalized by FIMMDA.

(2) Repo transactions traded on a multilateral trading platform shall be governed by the rules and regulations of the platform where it is traded.

(3) In case of tri-party repos, separate agreements between a participant and a tri- party agent shall be executed as per the documentation prescribed by the tri-party agent.

16. The list of previous circulars/directions issued by the Reserve Bank on repo transaction that are repealed and withdrawn are given at Annex III hereunder. (Dimple Bhandia) Chief General ManagerAnnex III a. List of circulars/directions superseded vide Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Repurchase Transactions (Repo)) Directions, 2025 i. Repurchase Transactions (Repo) (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2018 dated July 24, 2018.

ii. Repurchase Transactions (Repo) (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2018 – Amendment dated Nov 28, 2019. iii. Participation of NaBFID as an AIFI in financial markets dated January 01,

2025. b. List of circulars superseded vide Repurchase Transactions (Repo) (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2018 i. Circular No. IDMC/PDRS/3432/10.02.01/2002-03 dated February 21, 2003. ii. Circular No. IDMD/PDRS/4779/10.02.01/2004-05 dated May 11, 2005.

iii. Circular No. IDMD.DOD.No.334/11.08.36/2009-10 dated July 20, 2009 iv. Circular No. IDMD.DOD.No.04/11.08.38/2009-10 dated January 8, 2010. v. Circular No. IDMD.DOD.No.05/11.08.38/2009-10 dated January 8, 2010.

vi. Circular No. IDMD/4135/11.08.43/2009-10 dated March 23, 2010. vii. Circular No. IDMD.DOD.08/11.08.38/2009-10 dated April 16, 2010. viii. Circular No. IDMD.PCD.No.21/11.08.38/2010-11 dated November 9, 2010.

ix. Circular No. IDMD.PCD.No.22/11.08.38/2010-11 dated November 9, 2010. x. Circular No. IDMD No./29/11.08.043/2010-11 dated May 30, 2011. xi. Circular No. IDMD.PCD.1423/14.03.02/2012-13 dated October 30, 2012.

xii. Circular No. IDMD.PCD.08/14.03.02/2012-13 dated January 4, 2013. xiii. Circular No. IDMD.PCD.No.08/14.03.02/2012-13 dated January 7, 2013. xiv. Circular No. IDMD.PCD.No.09/14.03.02/2012-13 dated January 7, 2013.

xv. Circular No. IDMD.PCD.13/14.01.02/2013-14 dated June 25, 2014. xvi. Circular No. FMRD.DIRD.3/14.03.002/2014-15 dated February 03, 2015. xvii. Circular No. FMRD.DIRD.4/14.03.002/2014-15 dated February 03, 2015.

xviii. Circular No. FMRD.DIRD.5/14.03.002/2014-15 dated February 05, 2015. xix. Circular No. FMRD.DIRD.07/14.03.002/2014-15 dated May 14, 2015. xx. Circular No. FMRD.DIRD.08/14.03.002/2014-15 dated May 14, 2015.

xxi. Circular No. FMRD.DIRD.4/14.01.009/2016-17 dated August 25, 2016. xxii. Circular No. FMRD.DIRD.5/14.01.009/2016-17 dated August 25, 2016. xxiii. Circular No. FMRD.DIRD.6/14.03.002/2016-17 dated August 25, 2016.

xxiv. Circular No. FMRD.DIRD.4/14.03.024/2017-18 dated August 10, 2017.