**Executive Summary**
NITI Aayog released eleven study reports on February 9th and 10th, 2026, concerning scenarios towards Viksit Bharat (Developed India) and Net Zero emissions. The second set of four reports was released on the morning of the 10th. These reports analyse various aspects of India's energy transition and its impact on different sectors, with a focus on achieving Viksit Bharat 2047 and Net Zero by 2070. The reports can be accessed via the provided URLs.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **Overall Vision:**
* Viksit Bharat @ 2047 is achievable in all scenarios.
* Electrification, greening, Mission LiFE, behaviour change and circularity are critical for Net Zero.
* **Energy Demand:**
* Electrification, circularity, and energy efficiency can lower final energy demand by 20% in 2070.
* India’s coal consumption will continue to rise till 2047 while pursuing Net Zero goals.
* **Power Sector:**
* Electricity’s share of final energy can rise to 60% in 2070 (from 21% in 2025).
* Non-fossil generation can increase from 23% to 80-85%.
* **Transport Sector:**
* Electricity, biofuels, and hydrogen can meet nearly 90% of transport energy demand by 2070.
* Modal shift, zero-emission vehicles, clean fuels and technologies and structural shifts toward public and shared mobility solutions are identified as essential components of the transition.
* **Industrial Sector:**
* Demand for steel, cement, and aluminum is set to increase 4-6 times by 2070.
* Electricity and green hydrogen emerge as the backbone of industrial energy.
* Increasing electrification, material efficiency and recycling, and leveraging emerging technologies emerge as the way forward.
* **Critical Minerals:**
* 20-25% of copper and graphite demand could be met through recycling by mid-century.
* Avenues to de-risk the critical mineral supply chain and meet India’s future requirements through coordinated action across development of domestic resources, international sourcing, institutional reforms, and circularity are discussed.
**Impact Analysis**
**Government (Ministries of Power, New and Renewable Energy, Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board)**
* **Impact:** The reports provide a comprehensive roadmap and assessment of development scenarios for achieving Viksit Bharat 2047 and Net Zero by 2070. Numerous policy interventions are required and implementation will be a challenge.
* **Action Required:** Take the work forward, including detailed planning and implementation of required policy interventions.
**Power Sector Discoms**
* **Impact:** Discoms need to remain strong in the transition to affordable energy and a 40% electricity basket by 2047.
* **Action Required:** Strengthen operations and work towards the 2030 and 2032 roadmaps, including a 500 GW renewables target.
**Indian Private Companies (Steel, Cement, and Aluminium)**
* **Impact:** Need to enhance circularity, rely on substitution of industrial processes and increase efficiency.
* **Action Required:** Invest in and adopt technologies and processes to reduce emissions and contribute to Net Zero goals.
**India (General)**
* **Impact:** While critical minerals imports will increase, the decrease in fuels imports will be far greater, so overall India will be in a stronger position.
* **Action Required:** Move forward rapidly on implementation; a huge effort is required to bring in the technologies that are needed and to reduce their costs.
Key Entities Referenced
NITI Aayog: The primary organization releasing and conducting the study reports on scenarios towards Viksit Bharat and Net Zero.
Viksit Bharat @ 2047: A national vision for India's development by 2047. The study reports aim to assess scenarios to achieve this vision.
Net Zero: A target of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. The study reports assess scenarios for achieving this target alongside Viksit Bharat 2047.
Scenarios Towards Viksit Bharat and Net Zero - Sectoral Insights: A series of study reports (Transport, Industry, Power, Critical Mineral Assessment) providing insights into achieving Viksit Bharat and Net Zero targets across key sectors.
NITI Aayog
NITI Aayog Releases Study Reports on Scenarios
Towards Viksit Bharat and Net Zero
Viksit Bharat @ 2047 is achievable in all scenarios
Electrification of energy, greening the energy, Mission LiFE
and behaviour change and circularity are critical for Net Zero
Energy Demand: Electrification, circularity and energy
efficiency can lower final energy demand by 20% in 2070;
India’s coal consumption will continue to rise till 2047 even as
it fulfils Net Zero goals.
Power: Electricity’s share of final energy can rise as high as
60% in 2070 from 21% in 2025; share of non-fossil generation
increases from 23% to 80-85%
Transport: Electricity, biofuels and hydrogen can meet nearly
90% of transport energy demand by 2070
Industry: Demand for steel, cement and aluminium set to
increase 4-6 times by 2070; electricity and green hydrogen
emerge as the backbone of industrial energy
Critical Minerals: 20-25% of copper and graphite demand
could be met through recycling by mid-century
Posted On: 10 FEB 2026 6:57PM by PIB Delhi
NITI Aayog is releasing eleven study reports on Scenarios towards Viksit Bharat and Net Zero on the 9th
and 10th of February 2026. The second set of four reports were released on the morning of 10th February
2026 at an event held at the Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi.
The reports were released in the presence of Dr. V. K. Saraswat, Member, NITI Aayog; Sh. B.V.R.
Subrahmanyam, CEO, NITI Aayog; Dr. Anil Jain, Chairperson, Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory
Board; Sh. Alok Kumar, former Secretary, Ministry of Power; Sh. Pankaj Agarwal, Secretary, Ministry
of Power; and Sh. Santosh Sarangi, Secretary, Ministry of New And Renewable Energy.The following reports were released at today’s event:
1. Scenarios Towards Viksit Bharat and Net Zero - Sectoral Insights: Transport (Vol. 3)
This report assesses the current state and long-term evolution of India’s mobility ecosystem,
covering passenger and freight demand, modal composition, technological maturity, and energy use.
With passenger and freight transport projected to rise, modal shift, zero-emission vehicles, clean
fuels and technologies, and structural shifts toward public and shared mobility solutions and rail and
waterway transport are identified as essential components of the transition.
2. Scenarios Towards Viksit Bharat and Net Zero - Sectoral Insights: Industry (Vol. 4)
This report examines the various facets of industrial energy transition including industrial output,
energy demand, and emissions across major subsectors including steel, cement, aluminium, textiles,
and petrochemicals. Increasing electrification, material efficiency and recycling, share of non-fossil
energy, and leveraging emerging technologies emerge as the way forward.
3. Scenarios Towards Viksit Bharat and Net Zero - Sectoral Insights: Power (Vol. 7)
This report examines the central role of electricity in India’s development and Net Zero agenda,
assessing future electricity demand, low-carbon supply options, system reliability, and investment
requirements. Demand is projected to rise sharply due to increasing urbanisation, cooling needs,
digitalisation, electric mobility, and green hydrogen production. The report evaluates pathways for
rapid electrification, large-scale renewable deployment, and storage and transmission expansion for
a reliable, affordable, and progressively clean power system.
4. Scenarios Towards Viksit Bharat and Net Zero - Critical Mineral Assessment: Demand and
Supply (Vol. 10)
This report estimates mineral requirements arising from India’s deployment of clean technologies
across key segments such as solar, wind, battery energy storage systems, EVs, and electrolysers.
Avenues to de-risk the critical mineral supply chain and meet India’s future requirements through
coordinated action across development of domestic resources, international sourcing, institutional
reforms, and circularity are discussed.
The launch of the four reports was followed by a panel discussion titled “Technology, Infrastructure, and
Minerals: Building Blocks of Net Zero” moderated by Sh. O. P. Agarwal, Distinguished Fellow, NITI
Aayog. The panel featured Sh. Suman Bery, Vice Chairperson, NITI Aayog; Sh. Ghanshyam Prasad,
Chairperson, Central Electricity Authority; Sh. Sumant Sinha, CEO, ReNew; Sh. Rajat Gupta, Senior
Partner, McKinsey & Company; and Sh. Deepak Arora, Head Government Relations, ArcelorMittal
Nippon Steel India.
In his address, Dr. V. K. Saraswat, Member, NITI Aayog, shared “Energy, industry and transport are the
engine of India’s economy. Along with the challenge of Viksit Bharat 2047 and achieving Net Zero by
2070, lies the opportunity to shift to clean energy, to new fuels like green hydrogen and lock in efficiency
gains. India needs to move forward rapidly on implementation; a huge effort is required to bring in the
technologies that are needed and to reduce their costs.”
Sh. B.V.R Subrahmanyam, CEO, NITI Aayog, observed “Power, transport and industry, these sectors
cover 80% of the energy transition. The composition of India’s future power supply will be largely built
from new sources like renewables, nuclear, and green hydrogen. Demand for materials like steel, cement,
and aluminium will go up rapidly, even with demand management. The hard-to-abate sectors in industry
are the toughest challenge. We will have to electrify to the extent possible, enhance circularity, rely on
substitution of industrial process, and increase efficiency. Indian private companies in these sectors areworld leaders – the capabilities needed to undertake this transition exists in the country. While critical
minerals imports will increase, the decrease in fuels imports will be far greater, so overall India will be in
a stronger position. Nonetheless, this will be a path breaking endeavour.”
Dr. Anil Jain, Chairperson, Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board; stated “The eleven reports
being released by NITI fill a big vacuum. The last comprehensive energy assessment was the 2008
Integrate Energy policy, which became a bible of sorts. To make the scenarios possible numerous policy
interventions are required on which detailed work will be needed, and the implementation challenge needs
to be met. The Ministries should take this work forward.”
Sh. Alok Kumar, former Secretary, Ministry of Power, acknowledged “Renewables are the least cost path
for India, whichever model one runs. Trends in technology costs are also favouring renewables – solar and
batteries – that’s the destiny for India’s power sector going forward. The power sector needs to better
anticipate and plan – generation, transmission, storage, and demand response are important and all need to
be taken forward.”
Sh. Pankaj Agarwal, Secretary, Ministry of Power, observed “India needs affordable energy. Electricity is
22% of the current basket and we aspire to reach 40% by 2047. In this transition our Discoms need to
remain strong. We’ll surely try to work on the pathways – right now we have the 2030 and 2032
roadmaps, that includes a 500 GW renewables target – but we will keep the longer term pathways in
mind.”
Sh. Santosh Sarangi, Secretary, Ministry of New And Renewable Energy said “ I complement NITI
Aayog for coming out with such a comprehensive report. It provides us with a roadmap till 2070 that the
ministry will work on. It also highlights the implications of how India carries out the green transition;
development and green transition are not mutually exclusive, rather mutually inclusive. Grid integration of
renewables is a challenge, but no country in the world is backing down from it. There are technological
innovations available and anticipating and responding on future changes in technology will be extremely
crucial.”
The eleven reports being released by NITI Aayog detail the findings of India’s first government-led, multi-
sectoral, integrated study to assess development scenarios that deliver on the Hon’ble Prime Minister’s
vision Viksit Bharat 2047 while simultaneously reducing net green-house gas (GHG) emissions to zero by
2070.NITI Aayog’s study entails a scenario-based analytic modelling exercise that integrates economic growth,
India’s development priorities, and climate commitments. The study has been informed by ten inter-
ministerial working groups that examined long-term transition scenarios across key domains like
macroeconomic aspects of the transition; sectoral low carbon transition in power, transport, industry,
buildings, and agriculture; financing for climate action; critical minerals; R&D and manufacturing; and
the social implications of the transition. NITI Aayog undertook this comprehensive assessment to inform
long-term policy planning.
The full reports can be accessed at:
1. https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2026-02/Scenarios-Towards-Viksit-Bharat-and-Net-Zero-Sector
al-Insights-Power.pdf
2. https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2026-02/Scenarios-Towards-Viksit-Bharat-and-Net-Zero-Sector
al-Insights-Industry.pdf
3. https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2026-02/Scenarios-Towards-Viksit-Bharat-and-Net-Zero-Sector
al-Insights-Transport.pdf
4. https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2026-02/Scenarios-Towards-Viksit-Bharat-and-Net-Zero-Critica
l-Mineral-Assessment-Demand-and-Supply.pdf
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