Executive Summary:
This document presents the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy's (MNRE) response to questions raised in Lok Sabha regarding biogas plants in India. It details the number of biogas plants installed, their production capacity, utilization, benefits to rural households, use of agricultural waste, measures to improve biogas quality, and exploration of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) and international collaborations. Data is provided up to the year 2024-2025.
Key Points / Main Content:
Biogas Plant Statistics:
* As of 2025, details of state-wise, year-wise installed biogas plants under the National Bioenergy Programme are in Annexure I.
* A total of 35,088 households have benefitted from biogas plants under the MNRE's Biogas Programme, state and year-wise details are in Annexure II.
* Cattle dung is the only organic waste used as raw material for biogas production in household-based biogas plants. Year-wise details are in Annexure III.
* Details of biogas plants set up since 2021 are in Annexure I. A third-party evaluation in 2020 found 96 small biogas plants functional across 13 states.
* Assessment for operational efficiency of installed biogas plants since 2021 is being carried out through third-party evaluation of the National Bioenergy Programme.
Improving Biogas Quality:
* The Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy (SSS-NIBE) conducts R&D to enrich biomethane in raw biogas and develop purification technologies.
* The government is collaborating with academic/research institutions and industries to address technical challenges in the Compressed Biogas (CBG) sector.
Public-Private Partnerships and International Collaborations:
* Under the Swachh Bharat Mission Urban 2.0, central financial assistance is provided for municipal waste management projects, encouraging PPPs.
* The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) collaborates with MNRE on a Global Environment Facility (GEF) funded project, "Organic Waste Streams for Industrial Renewable Energy Applications in India," supporting four innovative CBG projects.
Details of Biogas Plants (2022-2025):
* Small Biogas Plants (1-25 m3/day): Installed numbers by state/UT and year (2022-23 to 2024-25) are detailed in Table 1 of Annexure I. Cumulative biogas generation capacity is 70176 m3/day. These plants are not used for electricity generation.
* Medium Biogas Plants (25-2500 m3/day): Table 2 of Annexure I details installed numbers and capacity by state for FY 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-24, and 2024-25. 100% of biogas generated in medium-sized plants is used for power generation.
* Large Biogas Plants (Above 2500 m3/day): Table 3 of Annexure I shows commissioned plants under the Waste to Energy program, detailing capacity by state for FY 2021-22 to 2024-25. 100% of biogas generated in large-scale plants is used for thermal applications.
* Biogas to Power Projects: Table 4 of Annexure I provides state-wise details of commissioned projects under Phase I of the National Bioenergy Programme (NBP) from FY 2021-22 to 2024-25, including installed capacity (MW). 100% of biogas generated in large size biogas plants is used for power generation.
Cattle Dung Utilization:
* Annexure III details year-wise cattle dung utilization for biogas production.
Impact Analysis:
Rural Households:
* Impact: Benefitted from biogas plants primarily for cooking needs.
* Action Required: Continue using and maintaining the biogas plants for sustained benefits.
Biogas Plant Manufacturers/Installers:
* Impact: Continued opportunities for setting up and maintaining biogas plants.
* Action Required: Adhere to MNRE guidelines and strive for operational efficiency.
Research Institutions (e.g., SSS-NIBE):
* Impact: Responsible for R&D to improve biogas quality and address technical challenges.
* Action Required: Continue research efforts and collaborate with industries and academic institutions.
Urban Local Bodies:
* Impact: Can leverage central financial assistance for waste management projects, including waste-to-energy plants under Swachh Bharat Mission Urban 2.0.
* Action Required: Explore PPP models for waste management projects to improve efficiency.
MNRE:
* Impact: Oversees and supports the National Bioenergy Programme and related initiatives.
* Action Required: Continue third-party evaluations, address technical challenges, and promote PPPs and international collaborations.
Key Entities Referenced
Swachh Bharat Mission Urban 2.0: An urban development initiative that provides central financial assistance for municipal waste management projects, including waste to energy plants.
Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of BioEnergy (SSSNIBE): An autonomous Research and Development (RD) institute of MNRE working on biogas purification technologies.
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO): An international organization collaborating with MNRE on a Global Environment Facility (GEF) funded project related to organic waste streams for renewable energy applications.
Global Environment Facility (GEF): Funding mechanism that supports the UNIDO project with MNRE 'Organic Waste Streams for Industrial Renewable Energy Applications in India'.
Compressed Biogas (CBG): The document mentions technical challenges in the Compressed Biogas (CBG) sector.
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE): The Indian government ministry responsible for the National Bioenergy Programme and related biogas initiatives.
National Bioenergy Programme: A program by the MNRE to promote the installation of biogas plants in India.
Public Private Partnerships (PPP): A collaborative model encouraged under Swachh Bharat Mission Urban 2.0 for waste management projects, including Waste to Energy Plants.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2774
ANSWERED ON 06.08.2025
BIOGAS PLANTS
2774.DR. SHRIKANT EKNATH SHINDE
SMT. SHAMBHAVI
SHRI RAJESH VERMA
SHRI RAVINDRA DATTARAM WAIKAR
SHRI NARESH GANPAT MHASKE
SHRI VISHALDADA PRAKASHBAPU PATIL
Will the Minister of NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY be pleased to state:
(a) the details of the total number of biogas plants installed in the country along with their
biogas production capacity and the quantity of produced biogas being utilised for
electricity generation, State and year-wise;
(b) the details of the rural households benefitted from biogas plants, State and year-wise and
the details of the percentage of agricultural and organic waste being utilised for biogas
production, year-wise;
(c) the details of the biogas plants set up since 2021, State and year-wise along with the details
of the biogas plants operating at their full efficiency along with the reasons for
inefficiencies, if any;
(d) the measures taken by the Government to improve the quality and calorific value of biogas
produced from organic waste; and
(e) whether any Public Private Partnerships (PPP) or international collaborations are being
explored for scaling up biogas projects and if so, the details thereof?
ANSWER
THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY AND POWER
(SHRI SHRIPAD YESSO NAIK)
(a) The details of state-wise, year-wise, and biogas production capacity-wise installed biogas
plants under the National Bioenergy Programme in the country are given in Annexure-I.
(b) Under the Biogas Programme of Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), a total
35088 number of households benefitted from biogas plants. The State and year wise details are
given in Annexure-II. The households-based biogas plants utilize only cattle dung (organic
waste) as raw material for biogas production.
The year-wise details of organic waste (cattle dung) based biogas plants installed under the
Biogas Programme of MNRE are given in Annexure-III.(c): The details of the biogas plants set up since year 2021 is given in Annexure-I. As per
the third-party evaluation study conducted by MNRE in total 13 number of States during the
year 2020, about 96% installed small biogas plants are found as functional. The assessment
for operational efficiency of the installed biogas plants since 2021 is being carried out by way
of third-party evaluation of National Bioenergy Programme .
(d) The Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy (SSS-NIBE), an autonomous
Research and Development (R&D) institute of MNRE, is carrying out R&D work using on
certain feedstock (Napier grass – energy crop), to enrich biomethane in raw biogas and
developing other biogas purification technologies for improving biogas quality.
Government is also working with academic/research institutions and industries to address
technical challenges being faced by the industries in Compressed Biogas (CBG) sector.
(e) Under the Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban 2.0, the central financial assistance is provided
for setting up all type of municipal waste management projects including Waste to Energy
Plants, wherein the projects under Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode are encouraged to
invite private capital in urban infrastructure as well as to bring in private sector efficiency in
delivery of urban services and Operation & Maintenance.
On International Collaborations side, the United Nations Industrial Development
Organization (UNIDO) has collaborated with MNRE on implementing a Global Environment
Facility (GEF) funded project 'Organic Waste Streams for Industrial Renewable Energy
Applications in India' to supplement the ongoing Waste-to-Energy program of MNRE by
supporting four number of innovative projects in the CBG sector.
*****ANNEXURE-I
REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO THE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2774,
Part (a) TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.08.2025 ON “BIO-GAS PLANTS”.
Table- 1: The number of small biogas plants (ranging from 1 to 25 m3 biogas generation per day
capacity) set up under the Biogas Programme of MNRE during the last three years i.e.
from 2022-23 to 2024-25 in the country is given as under: -
SN Year wise number of installed small biogas plants
State/ UT
2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 Total
1. Andhra Pradesh 30 0 58 88
2. Arunachal Pradesh 0 200 0 200
3. Assam 0 190 199 389
4. Bihar 9 29 216 254
5. Chhattisgarh 118 400 147 665
6. Goa 11 0 0 11
7. Gujarat 224 1074 2370 3668
8. Haryana 116 239 84 439
9. Jharkhand 0 11 0 11
10. Karnataka 186 970 242 1398
11. Kerala 330 201 106 637
12. Madhya Pradesh 2132 2212 1916 6260
13. Maharashtra 5180 4707 4581 14468
14. Manipur 0 0 25 25
15. Meghalaya 0 0 1 1
16. Mizoram 0 1 0 1
17. Nagaland 0 52 0 52
18. Odisha 97 35 84 216
19. Punjab 1031 1212 1052 3295
20. Rajasthan 20 347 200 567
21. Tamil Nadu 46 65 13 124
22. Telangana 0 12 11 23
23. Tripura 0 51 110 161
24. Uttar Pradesh 172 167 201 540
25. Uttarakhand 242 815 379 1436
26. West Bengal 0 75 84 159
Total 9944 14413 12079 35088
Note: (a) Considering the majority of installed household biogas plants are of 2 m3 per day
biogas generation capacity, the cumulative biogas generation per day capacity is 70176
m3 and these small biogas plants are not used for electricity generation; and
(b) MNRE have not allocated the annual target for the FY 2021-22.Table- 2: The year wise number of medium biogas plants (ranging from above 25 m3 to 2500 m3
biogas generation per day capacity) set up under the Biogas Programme of MNRE in
the country is given as under:
FY FY 2024-25 Total
2021- 2022- 2023-24
State/ 22 23
SN Union No of No of Installed No Installed Installed
No of
Territories project projec Capacity of Capacity No of Capacity
project
s ts (in proje (in projects (in
s
m3/day) cts m3/day) m3/day)
Maharashtr - - - 11 11 8425
1. - 8425
a
2. O disha - - 1 375 - - 1 375
3. P unjab - - - - 1 187.5 1 187.5
Tamil - - 16000 - 16000
4. 7 - 7
Nadu
- - 16375 12 20 18387.50
Total 8 2012.50
Note : 100% biogas being generated in medium size biogas plants is used for power generation.
Table- 3: The year wise number of large biogas plants (above 2500 m3 biogas generation per day
capacity) commissioned under the Waste to Energy programme of MNRE in the country is
given as under:
FY 2021-22 FY 2022-23 FY 2023-24 FY 2024-25 Total
Installe
d
Installed Capacit Installed Installed
Capacity y Capacity Capacity Installed
(m3/day (m3/da No (m3/day No (m3/day Capacity
State No. ) No. y) . ) . ) No. (m3/day)
Haryana - - 1 6750 1 6200 - - 2 12950
Odisha - - - - - - 1 10000 1 10000
Telangana 3 48500 - - - - - - 3 48500
Uttar
Pradesh - - - - - - 1 9091 1 9091
Uttarakhan
d - - - - - - 1 12960 1 12960
West
Bengal - - 1 8400 - - 1 24000 2 32400
Grand
Total 3 48500 2 15150 1 6200 4 56051 10 125901
Note : 100% biogas being generated in large scale biogas plants is used for thermal applications.Table 4: The state-wise and year-wise details of biogas to power projects commissioned under the WTE programme during Phase-I of NBP
S State FY 2021-22 FY 2022-23 FY 2023-24 FY 2024-25 Total
N N Installed Installed N Installed Installed N Installed Installed N Installed Installed No Installed Installed
o. Capacity Capacity o. Capacity Capacity o Capacity Capacity o Capacity Capacity . Capacity Capacity
(biogas (MW) (biogas (MW) . (biogas (MW) . (biogas (MW) (biogas (MW)
m3/day) m3/day) m3/day) m3/day) m3/day)
1 Goa - - - - - - 2 15328 1.60 - - - 2 15328 1.60
2 Gujarat - - - - - - 1 24000 1.50 1 18000 1.50 2 42000 3.00
3 Karnataka - - - - - - 1 38400 3.00 1 240 0.40 2 38640 3.40
4 Maharashtra - - - 1 15000 1.56 - - - 2 29100 3.12 3 44100 4.68
5 Uttar
Pradesh 1 7200 0.64 4 93312 4.40 - - - - - - 5 100512 5.04
6 West
Bengal - - - - - - - - - 1 24000 1.5 1 24000 1.50
Total 1 7200 0.64 5 108312 5.96 4 77728 6.10 5 71340 6.52 15 264580 19.22
Note: 100% biogas being generated in large size biogas plants is used for power generation.ANNEXURE-II
REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO THE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION
NO.2774, Part (b) TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.08.2025 ON “BIO-GAS PLANTS”.
Table : The Year wise number of households benefitted from small biogas plants under the
Biogas Programme of MNRE during the last three years i.e. from 2022-23 to 2024-25
in the country is given as under:-
Year wise number of households benefitted
from small biogas plants
SN State/ Union Territory
2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 Total
1. Andhra Pradesh 30 0 58 88
2. Arunachal Pradesh 0 200 0 200
3. Assam 0 190 199 389
4. Bihar 9 29 216 254
5. Chhattisgarh 118 400 147 665
6. Goa 11 0 0 11
7. Gujarat 224 1074 2370 3668
8. Haryana 116 239 84 439
9. Jharkhand 0 11 0 11
10. Karnataka 186 970 242 1398
11. Kerala 330 201 106 637
12. Madhya Pradesh 2132 2212 1916 6260
13. Maharashtra 5180 4707 4581 14468
14. Manipur 0 0 25 25
15. Meghalaya 0 0 1 1
16. Mizoram 0 1 0 1
17. Nagaland 0 52 0 52
18. Odisha 97 35 84 216
19. Punjab 1031 1212 1052 3295
20. Rajasthan 20 347 200 567
21. Tamil Nadu 46 65 13 124
22. Telangana 0 12 11 23
23. Tripura 0 51 110 161
24. Uttar Pradesh 172 167 201 540
25. Uttarakhand 242 815 379 1436
26.
West Bengal 0 75 84
159
27. Andhra Pradesh 30 0 58 88
35088
Total
9944 14413 12079
Note: (a) considering that one small biogas plant is meeting out the cooking needs of one
household; and (b) MNRE have not allocated the annual target for the FY 2021-22.ANNEXURE-III
REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO THE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION
NO.2774, Part (b) TO BE ANSWERED ON 06.08.2025 ON “BIO-GAS PLANTS”.
Table: The year wise details of cattle dung being utilized for biogas production
Year Installed Quantum of cattle cattle
Quantum of cattle dung
biogas dung generated in dung
being utilized for installed
plants the country (million utilization
biogas plants (million ton
(numbers) ton per annum) in percent
per annum)
2022-23 9944 0.164 554.8 0.03 %
2023-24 13065 0.216 554.8 0.04 %
2024-25 12079 0.199 554.8 0.04 %
Total 35088 0.579 1664.4 0.03 %
Note:
(i) Average dung generation: 10 kg/animal
(ii) Recovery of dung per cattle: 50 %
(iii) Dung requirement for 1 m3 of Biogas Production: 25 kg
(iv) Operational days of biogas plants: 330 days
(v) Size of biogas plants: 2 m3
Source: 20th national livestock census (2019), Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and
Dairying, Government of India.