Executive Summary:
The Department of Science & Technology (DST) is considering establishing five Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) testbeds in the cement sector to capture CO2 emissions and convert them into valuable products, supporting India's net-zero target by 2070. These testbeds will validate CCU technologies through Industry-Academia collaborations. An Expert Panel has recommended sites, and the DST is in the process of considering the recommendations for financial sanctions.
Key Points / Main Content:
Objectives and Significance:
- The CCU testbeds aim to capture CO2 emissions from cement manufacturing.
- Captured CO2 will be converted into value-added products such as synthetic fuels, urea, soda ash, concrete aggregates, and food-grade CO2.
- The testbeds serve as platforms for validating CCU technologies at a small scale in real industrial settings.
- The initiative supports industrial decarbonization, especially in emission-intensive sectors like cement, promoting a circular carbon economy, and aligning with India's net-zero target by 2070.
Testbed Details:
- An Expert Panel recommended five CCU testbeds, and DST is in the process of considering the recommendations.
- The sites involve collaborations between institutions and industry partners:
- Chittorgarh, Rajasthan: National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, and JK Cement Limited will capture 2 TPD of CO2 and utilize 0.4 TPD in lightweight concrete products and olefins.
- Sundergarh, Odisha: Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur and JSW Cement Limited will use solvent-based carbon capture technology at 1 TPD, mineralizing captured CO2 into concrete using ICCM technology.
- Rajganjpur, Odisha: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay and Dalmia Bharat Ltd. will use a water-based catalyst-driven CO2 capture process at 2 TPD, converting captured CO2 into calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and formic acid.
- Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh: CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Dehradun, Indian Institute of Gas Technology Tirupati, Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru and JSW Cement Limited will use Vacuum Swing Adsorption for CO2 capture (1 TPD) and utilization within the construction material value chain.
- Reddipalayam, Tamil Nadu: Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Goa and Ultratech Cement Ltd. will use new kiln burning technology based on oxygen-enriched burning, capture using adsorption-absorption, and mineralization of captured CO2 (2 TPD) using concrete blocks, waste concrete fines, and concrete plant sludge.
Expected Impact:
- The CCU testbeds are expected to reduce CO2 emissions from India's cement sector, which accounts for approximately 7% of the nation's industrial carbon emissions.
- The testbeds will demonstrate carbon capture and utilization at a small scale (up to 2 TPD).
- They are expected to generate valuable byproducts, contributing to the circular carbon economy.
- Successful implementation will enable Indian industries to adopt and scale up the technologies.
- These modular solutions can be replicated in other hard-to-abate sectors.
Impact Analysis:
Department of Science and Technology (DST):
Impact: DST is responsible for considering the Expert Panel's recommendations and providing financial sanctions for the establishment of the CCU testbeds.
Action Required: DST needs to review and process the recommendations of the Expert Panel and allocate the necessary financial resources to initiate the projects.
Institutions and Industry Partners:
Impact: These entities will collaborate to establish and operate the CCU testbeds, developing and demonstrating technological solutions for carbon capture and utilization.
Action Required: Institutions and industry partners need to work together to implement the proposed technological solutions, conduct research, and validate the effectiveness of the CCU technologies in real industrial settings.
Cement Industry:
Impact: The cement industry is expected to benefit from reduced CO2 emissions and the production of valuable byproducts.
Action Required: Cement companies should actively participate in the CCU testbed projects, adopt successful technologies, and scale them up to full commercial levels to contribute to the circular carbon economy and achieve decarbonization goals.
Other Hard-to-Abate Sectors (Power, Iron & Steel, Oil & Natural Gas, Chemical Industry):
Impact: These sectors can potentially replicate the CCU technologies developed in the cement industry, contributing to overall industrial decarbonization.
Action Required: These sectors should monitor the progress and results of the CCU testbeds and explore the potential for adapting and implementing these technologies in their respective industries.
Key Entities Referenced
Carbon Capture and Utilization: A process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and converting them into valuable products.
CCU testbeds: Five testbeds to be established in the cement sector to validate and demonstrate CCU technologies at a small scale in real industrial settings.
Department of Science Technology: The department (DST) is considering the Expert Panel's recommendation for five CCU testbeds.
Cement sector: An industry that accounts for approximately 7% of the Nation's industrial carbon emissions.
Chittorgarh, Rajasthan: A site location for one of the five CCU testbeds, partnered with JK Cement and Building Material Limited and National Council for Cement and Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee.
Sundergarh, Odisha: A site location for one of the five CCU testbeds, partnered with JSW Cement Limited and Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur.
Rajganjpur, Odisha: A site location for one of the five CCU testbeds, partnered with Dalmia Bharat Ltd. and Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai.
netzero target by 2070: India's overarching target to achieve net-zero emissions by the year 2070.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 663
ANSWERED ON 23/07/2025
CARBON CAPTURE AND UTILISATION (CCU) TESTBEDS
663. SHRI DINESHBHAI MAKWANA:
DR. SANJAY JAISWAL:
Will the Minister of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY be pleased to state:
(a) the objectives and significance of establishing five CCU testbeds in the
cement sector and manner in which this initiative supports India’s net-zero
target by 2070;
(b) the details of institutions and industry partners involved in the CCU
testbeds and the distinct technological solutions being developed at each site;
and
(c) the expected impact of these CCU testbeds on CO₂ reduction in the
cement industry and their potential for scaling to other hard-to-abate sectors?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND EARTH SCIENCES
(DR. JITENDRA SINGH)
विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी तथा पथ्ृ िी विज्ञान मंत्रालय के राज्य मंत्री (स्ितंत्र प्रभार)
(डॉ. जितेंद्र स हं )
(a) The Department of Science & Technology (DST) is in the process of
considering the recommendation of the Expert Panel for five Carbon Capture
and Utilization (CCU) testbeds in the Cement sector in different parts of the
country. The objectives of these CCU testbeds are to capture Carbon Dioxide
(CO₂) emission from cement manufacturing and convert it into value-added
products like synthetic fuels, urea, soda ash, concrete aggregates, and food-
grade CO₂. These testbeds are going to act as a platform for validating and
demonstrating CCU technologies at small scale in real industrial settings
through Industry-Academia collaborations. This initiative has significant
relevance to enable Industrial decarbonisation in the country with special
focus on emissions-intensive sectors like Cement by promoting circular carbon
economy, thereby aligning well with India’s overarching target of net-zero by
2070.
(b) The Expert Panel constituted by DST has recommended five CCU
testbeds, and the Department is in the process of considering the
recommendations of the Expert Panel for further processing and financial
sanctions. The site-wise details of Institutions and Industry partners involved
Page 1 of 3in these recommended CCU testbeds along with proposed technological
solutions to be deployed, are given below:
Sl. Site location Institutions Industry Technological Solutions
No. Partner
1. Chittorgarh, National Council for JK Oxygen-based Calcination
Rajasthan Cement and Building Cement to capture 2 TPD (Tonnes
Material, Ballabhgarh Limited Per Day) of CO and its
2
and Indian Institute utilization (0.4 TPD) in
of Technology, lightweight concrete
Roorkee products and olefins.
2. Sundergarh, Indian Institute of JSW Carbon-negative using
Odisha Technology, Kanpur Cement solvent-based carbon
Limited capture technology at a
scale of 1 TPD and
utilizing captured CO for
2
mineralisation into
concrete using ICCM
(Integrated Carbon
Capture and
Mineralization)
technology
3. Rajganjpur, Indian Institute of Dalmia Water-based
Odisha Technology Bombay, Cement catalyst‑driven CO
2
Mumbai (Bharat) capture process, at a
Ltd. scale of 2 TPD, designed
for integration within a
live cement plant,
enabling conversion of
captured CO into calcium
2
carbonate, sodium
bicarbonate and formic
acid.
4. Kurnool, CSIR-Indian Institute JSW Vacuum Swing Adsorption
Andhra Pradesh of Petroleum, Cement Process for CO capture (1
2
Dehradun, Indian Limited TPD) from Cement Kiln
Institute of Gas and its utilization
Technology, Tirupati, within the construction
and Indian Institute material value chain.
of Science,
Bengaluru
5. Reddipalayam, Indian Institute of Ultratech New kiln burning
Tamil Nadu Technology Madras Cement technology based on
and Birla Institute of Ltd. oxygen-enriched burning,
Technology and capture using
Science (BITS) adsorption/absorption,
Pilani, Goa and mineralization of
captured CO (2 TPD)
2
using concrete blocks,
waste concrete fines and
concrete plant sludge.
Page 2 of 3(c) The Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) testbeds are expected to lower
Carbon Dioxide (CO ) emissions within India's cement sector, which constitutes
2
approximately 7-8% of the Nation's industrial carbon emissions. These
recommended CCU testbeds are envisaged to demonstrate the carbon capture
and utilization at small scale i.e. up to 02 TPD (Tonnes Per Day). Apart from
reduction in CO emissions, these testbeds are expected to generate valuable
2
by-products, such as synthetic fuels and construction materials, and thereby
contributing to the circular carbon economy.
Further, the successful implementation of testbeds is going to enable Indian
industries to adopt the technologies and scale up them to a full commercial
level. These modular solutions have the potential to replicate in other hard-to-
abate sectors, including power, iron & steel, oil & natural gas, chemical
industry, etc., through customized engineering into pre-existing industrial
frameworks.
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