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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS
RAJYA SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO-307
ANSWERED ON - 02/02/2026
CARBON EMISSIONS FROM THE PETROLEUM SECTOR
307. SHRI CHANDRAKANT DAMODAR HANDORE:
Will the Minister of PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS be pleased to state:
(a) the current level of carbon emissions generated from the petroleum refining sector;
(b) whether Government has issued guidelines to reduce emissions from refineries; and
(c) the progress made by oil companies in transitioning to low-emission technologies?
ANSWER
THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS
(SHRI SURESH GOPI)
(a) & (b): As per Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Power baseline assessment for the
petroleum refineries conducted under Carbon Credit and Trading Scheme (CCTS) for the Financial
Year (FY): 2023-24, total GHG emission, primarily comprising of CO2 emission of 21 operational
refineries, was estimated around 79 Million tCO2eq.
The Government has issued multiple policy guidelines and regulatory frameworks aimed at reducing
emissions from refineries. Under environmental norms prescribed by the Ministry of Environment,
Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), refineries are required to comply with emission standards,
and pollution control measures. In addition, the Government promotes emission reduction through
market-based mechanisms such as the Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme, renewable
consumption obligations (RCO), and adoption of cleaner fuels and processes.
The Central Government has also notified the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), 2023 on 28th
June 2023. The scheme facilitates monetisation of GHG emission reductions through the trading of
carbon credit certificates.
(c): In alignment with India’s Net Zero carbon emission commitment by 2070, Oil and Gas PSUs
have set ambitious targets of achieving Net Zero in their scope-1 and scope-2 emissions, primarily
from refineries, while ensuring a secure, reliable and affordable supply of energy. To achieve this, oil
PSUs have adopted multiple pathways focusing on energy efficiency, reduction of methane
emissions, Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) measures, investing in renewable
energy and support for research and development. Additionally, the companies are also transitioning
towards cleaner fuels such as ethanol blended petrol under the EBP Programme, promotion of
compressed biogas (CBG) under the umbrella initiative of Sustainable Alternative Towards
Affordable Transportation (SATAT), Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) etc.
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