Executive Summary:
The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) provided data on enrollment, certification, and placement under various skill development programs in response to Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1167 on July 28, 2025. The data covers the period from FY 2021-22 to FY 2024-25 for schemes including PMKVY, JSS, NAPS and CTS. The response also includes details of placement under earlier versions of PMKVY and findings from third-party evaluations of these schemes.
Key Points / Main Content:
Trained Candidates Under MSDE Schemes:
* PMKVY: 6,16,040 (2021-22), 2,11,170 (2022-23), 5,39,340 (2023-24), 20,34,686 (2024-25)
* JSS: 4,61,996 (2021-22), 7,26,284 (2022-23), 5,07,337 (2023-24), 4,55,856 (2024-25)
* NAPS: 5,90,785 (2021-22), 7,38,252 (2022-23), 9,32,731 (2023-24), 9,85,641 (2024-25) (Data represents apprentices engaged)
* CTS: 12,25,851 (2021-22), 12,51,181 (2022-23), 14,45,362 (2023-24), 13,09,640 (2024-25) (Data represents candidates enrolled for the session 2021-2024)
Placement Details Under PMKVY:
* Under PMKVY 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0, 24,37,887 candidates were reported placed.
* PMKVY 4.0 focuses on empowering candidates to choose their career paths.
Third-Party Evaluation Outcomes:
* PMKVY: 94% of employers surveyed would hire more candidates trained under PMKVY. 52% of candidates placed under the RPL component received or expected higher salaries.
* JSS: The scheme nearly doubled household income for beneficiaries. 77.05% of beneficiary trainees have undergone occupational shifts. The focus of the skilling in the scheme favours self-employment.
* ITIs: 63.5% of ITI graduates got employed, with 6.7% being self-employed.
* NAPS: The scheme enhanced the employability of youth through on-the-job training. DBT method adopted for direct transfer of government's share to apprentices' bank accounts.
Impact Analysis:
Trained Candidates/Beneficiaries:
* Impact: Gain skills, increased employability and potential for higher earnings.
* Action Required: Utilize available resources, Skill India Digital Hub to choose career paths.
Employers:
* Impact: Access to a pool of skilled candidates, potentially leading to increased productivity.
* Action Required: Consider hiring candidates trained under PMKVY and participate in apprenticeship programs under NAPS.
MSDE and Implementing Agencies:
* Impact: Responsible for monitoring and improving the effectiveness of skill development schemes.
* Action Required: Continue to focus on empowering candidates, promoting self-employment, and streamlining reimbursement processes.
Apprentices:
* Impact: Enhanced employability through structured on-the-job training under NAPS.
* Action Required: Participate actively in the apprenticeship programs and utilize the DBT for reimbursements.
Key Entities Referenced
Uttar Pradesh: A state in India where skill development programs are being implemented.
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana PMKVY: A skill development scheme under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Government of India, aimed at providing vocational training and certification to Indian youth.
Skill India Mission SIM: An initiative by the Government of India to provide skill development and vocational training to the country's youth.
Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship MSDE: The Government of India ministry responsible for skill development and vocational training.
Jan Shikshan Sansthan JSS: A scheme under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship providing vocational training, especially to non-literate, neo-literates as well as school drop-outs in rural areas.
National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme NAPS: A scheme to promote apprenticeship training in India by providing financial incentives and support to employers.
Craftsman Training Scheme CTS: A vocational training program delivered through Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) to provide skilled workforce.
Industrial Training Institutes ITIs: Institutions providing vocational training and skills development to students, under the Craftsman Training Scheme (CTS).
NITI Aayog: A policy think tank of the Government of India.
Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan: An initiative by the Government of India promoting self-reliance and domestic production.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1167
ANSWERED ON 28.07.2025
ENROLMENT, EMPLOYMENT AND RETENTION UNDER SKILL DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMMES
1167. SHRI RAMASAHAYAM RAGHURAM REDDY:
SHRI K SUDHAKARAN:
Will the Minister of SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP be
pleased to state:
(a) the total number of candidates enrolled, certified and placed under the Pradhan
Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) and other skill development programmes,
year-wise since FY 2021–22;
(b) the number of certified candidates who secured wage employment within three
months of certification, including the number of employed in the formal sector; and
(c) whether the Government maintains data on job retention rates and average
post- placement earnings and if so, the details thereof?
ANSWER
THE MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) IN THE MINISTRY OF SKILL
DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
(SHRI JAYANT CHOUDHARY)
(a) to (c): Under the Government of India’s Skill India Mission (SIM) , the Ministry of
Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) delivers skill, re-skill and up-skill
training through an extensive network of skill development centres / institutes etc. under
various schemes, viz. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal VikasYojana (PMKVY), Jan Shikshan
Sansthan (JSS), National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS) and Craftsman
Training Scheme (CTS) through Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs), to all the sections of
the society across the country including Uttar Pradesh. The SIM aims at enabling youth
of India to get future ready and equipped with industry relevant skills.
The total number of candidates trained under various schemes of MSDE since FY
2021-22 are given below:
Scheme 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25
PMKVY 6,16,040 2,11,170 5,39,340 20,34,686
JSS 4,61,996 7,26,284 5,07,337 4,55,856
NAPS 5,90,785 7,38,252 9,32,731 9,85,641
CTS 12,25,851 12,51,181 14,45,362 13,09,640
Note: Under NAPS data is for apprentices engaged and in CTS data is of candidates
enrolled for session 2021-2024Amongst the schemes of MSDE, placements were tracked under the Short Term
Training component of PMKVY in the first three versions, which is PMKVY1.0, PMKVY
2.0 and PMKVY 3.0, implemented from 2015-16 up to 2021-22. The number of
candidates reported placed across the country in these three versions of PMKVY
was 24,37,887. Under PMKVY 4.0, the focus is on empowering the trained candidates
to choose their varied career path and they are suitably oriented for the same. Further,
various IT tools like Skill India Digital Hub also give this opportunity.
Third party evaluation of schemes of MSDE have acknowledged their positive
outcome and mentioned about their success in terms of placement or livelihood
improvement of candidates trained, as indicated below:
PMKVY: MSDE’s flagship scheme PMKVY was evaluated by NITI Aayog in October
2020. As per the study, about 94 percent of the employers surveyed reported they
would hire more candidates trained under PMKVY. Further, 52 percent of the
candidates who were placed in full time/part time employment and oriented under the
RPL component received higher salary or felt that they will get higher salary compared
to their un-certified peers.
JSS: Evaluation study of JSS scheme conducted in 2020 has found that the scheme
has helped in almost doubling the household income for those beneficiaries who have
got employment or are self-employed after the JSS training. Considering 79% women
representation, 50.5% of the rural share, 73.4% change in the employment for
enhanced livelihood, 89.1% change in the average income of each beneficiary, 85.7%
mobilization of beneficiaries by JSS, the report has further observed that usefulness of
the scheme would be further evident from the fact that 77.05% of the beneficiary
trainees have undergone occupational shifts. The study also affirmed that the focus of
the skilling in the scheme favours self-employment which is in tune with Aatmanirbhar
Bharat Abhiyan.
ITIs: The final report of Tracer Study of ITI Graduates published in 2018 by MSDE
mentions that 63.5% of total ITI pass-outs got employed (wage+self, out of which
6.7% are self-employed).
NAPS: Third-party evaluation study of NAPS conducted in 2021 has observed that
the scheme has successfully enhanced the employability of youth by providing
structured on-the-job training, with a notable increase in the engagement of
apprentices across various industries. In the new version of the scheme, DBT method
has been adopted to transfer government's share directly to apprentices' bank
accounts, as streamlined reimbursement process was recommended in the report.
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