**Executive Summary**
The document is the response of the Minister of State in the Ministry of Education to questions regarding the impact of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, as of December 8, 2025, following its fifth year of implementation. It highlights transformative changes in school and higher education, various initiatives undertaken, and progress in areas such as foundational literacy, numeracy, and skill development. The overall goal is to ensure continuous improvement and monitoring of the educational ecosystem.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **Initiatives and Programs:**
* Alignment of Samagra Shiksha with NEP 2020.
* Launch of NIPUN Bharat for foundational literacy and numeracy by the end of Grade 2.
* Introduction of Vidya-Pravesh Guidelines for three-month play-based school preparation.
* PM e-VIDYA to unify digital education efforts.
* DIKSHA as a One Nation One Digital Platform with e-books and e-contents.
* Launch of National Curriculum Framework for Foundational Stage (NCF-FS) and Jadui Pitara for play-based learning material.
* Development of National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE).
* Implementation of PARAKH, NISHTHA, Vidya Samiksha Kendra, Integrated Teacher Education Programme, National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST), and National Digital Education Architecture (NDEAR).
* Implementation of "New India Literacy Programme or ULLAS" for non-literates aged 15 and above.
* **PM SHRI Scheme:**
* Aim to develop over 14,500 schools as exemplar schools.
* **Assessment and Evaluation:**
* PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan 2024 conducted on December 4, 2024, to understand baseline performance in grades 3, 6, and 9.
* PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan 2024 indicates improvement compared to NAS 21 scores.
* **Research and Innovation:**
* Improvement in India's Global Innovation Index (GII) ranking.
* India ranks 3rd in number of PhDs awarded in Science and Engineering (S&E).
* Increased global presence and academic competitiveness of Indian HEIs.
* **Enrollment and Dropout Rates:**
* Total enrollment in Government schools decreased from 13,11,13,434 in 2018-19 to 12,15,89,911 in 2024-25.
* Revitalization of UDISE+ to capture individual student data starting from 2022-23.
* Dropout rates decreased at all levels of school education during 2024-25.
* **Implementation and Timelines:**
* NEP 2020 provides timelines and methodologies for implementation, with a comprehensive review envisioned between 2030-40.
* Implementation involves various bodies, including the Ministry of Education, State Governments, UGC, AICTE, NCTE, NCERT, and CBSE.
* **Skill Education:**
* Financial assistance to States and UTs for vocational education in Grades VI to VIII and vocational courses in Grades IX to XII.
* Approved 36,465 schools under the Samagra Shiksha Scheme for skill education till 2025-26, with implementation in 25,140 schools and enrollment of 35,56,330 students.
* Approved 4,988 schools under PM SHRI for skill education till 2025-26, with implementation in 3,798 schools and enrollment of 7,58,710 students.
* Implementation of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) in schools.
* **International Collaboration:**
* NEP 2020 facilitates research/teaching collaborations and faculty/student exchanges with foreign institutions.
**Impact Analysis**
**Central Government (Ministry of Education):**
*Impact:* Responsible for overall policy implementation, monitoring, and coordination.
*Action Required:* Continue providing guidance, resources, and support for the effective implementation of NEP 2020.
**State Governments and UTs:**
*Impact:* Responsible for adapting and implementing NEP 2020 within their jurisdiction.
*Action Required:* Align state-level policies and initiatives with NEP 2020, provide resources and support to schools and educators, and monitor progress.
**Schools (Government and Private):**
*Impact:* Implementing changes in curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment as per NEP 2020.
*Action Required:* Adopt new curriculum frameworks, implement innovative teaching methods, provide skill education, and participate in assessments and evaluations.
**Teachers and Educators:**
*Impact:* Required to adapt to new teaching methods, curriculum, and assessments.
*Action Required:* Participate in training programs, develop competency-based curriculum, and implement innovative teaching methods.
**Students:**
*Impact:* Beneficiaries of improved foundational literacy, numeracy, skill development, and holistic education.
*Action Required:* Engage actively in learning activities and take advantage of skill development opportunities.
**Non-literates (Age 15+):**
*Impact:* Opportunity to become literate through the "New India Literacy Programme or ULLAS".
*Action Required:* Participate in the literacy program to acquire basic reading, writing, and numeracy skills.
Key Entities Referenced
National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020): A national policy on education, the impact and implementation of which is the primary subject of the parliamentary question.
Ministry of Education: The ministry responsible for implementing the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 in India.
Samagra Shiksha: A scheme that has been aligned with the NEP 2020, focusing on the entire school education system from pre-school to class XII.
NIPUN Bharat Mission: National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy, launched under the NEP 2020, aimed at ensuring foundational literacy and numeracy.
PM SHRI Scheme: A scheme launched to develop exemplar schools that will showcase initiatives of NEP 2020.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL EDUCATION & LITERACY
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO- 1164
ANSWERED ON 08/12/2025
Impact of National Education Policy
1164. Shri Asaduddin Owaisi:
Will the Minister of EDUCATION be pleased to state:
(a) whether the Government has assessed the impact of the National Education Policy, 2020
as it completes its fifth year of implementation in the country;
(b) if so, the details of the outcomes achieved in foundational literacy and numeracy,
research, multidisciplinary education and enrollment and dropout rates during the last five
years;
(c) whether the Government is aware that Government schools are lagging far behind the
private schools in the implementation of the policy in the country;
(d) if so, the details of the policy implementation in private and Government schools
State/UT-wise;
(e) the details of initiatives undertaken by the Government as part of the policy for the
inculcation of vocational training and the development of entrepreneurship in the youth; and
(f) whether the Government has integrated any international best practices in the NEP, 2020
and if so, the details thereof?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
(SHRI JAYANT CHAUDHARY)
(a) to (f): A number of transformative changes have taken place both in school and higher
education after announcement of National Education Policy (NEP 2020). In School
Education several initiatives have been taken such as alignment of Samagra Shiksha with the
NEP; launching of National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and
Numeracy (NIPUN Bharat) for ensuring foundational literacy and numeracy by the end of
Grade 2; Vidya-Pravesh Guidelines for three-month play-based School Preparation Module;PM e-VIDYA to unify all efforts related to digital/online/on-air education to enable coherent
multi-mode access to education; DIKSHA (Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing) as
One Nation One Digital Platform having e-Books and e-Contents; launch of National
Curriculum Framework for Foundational Stage (NCF-FS) and Jadui Pitara for play-based
learning teaching material tailored for children between the age group of 3 to 8 years;
National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE) to address the entire
educational journey uptil secondary stage. PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and
Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development); NISHTHA (National Initiative for School
Heads' and Teachers' Holistic Advancement) Elementary, Secondary, FLN & ECCE; Vidya
Samiksha Kendra; Integrated Teacher Education Programme; National Professional
Standards for Teachers (NPST); National Digital Education Architecture (NDEAR) for
creating a unifying national digital infrastructure to energise and catalyse the education
ecosystem, implementation of a scheme “New India Literacy Programme or ULLAS”
targeting all non-literates age 15 years and above, etc.
PM SHRI Scheme has been launched with an aim to develop more than 14,500
selected schools as exemplar schools that offer leadership to other schools in the
neighbourhood, showcasing all the initiatives of NEP 2020.
PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan 2024 was conducted on 4th December, 2024 to
understand the baseline performance among students at the end of the Foundational,
Preparatory and Middle Stages in grade 3,6 and 9. National, State and District level reports
for PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan 2024 are available
at https://dashboard.parakh.ncert.gov.in/en. The findings of PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan
2024 highlight a significant improvement when compared to NAS 21 scores in foundational
literacy and numeracy skills, thereby, reflecting the positive impact of the NIPUN Bharat
Mission launched under NEP 2020.
Focus of NEP 2020 on research and innovation has propelled India’s ranking in the
Global Innovation Index (GII) from 81 in 2015 to 38 in 2025. India ranks 3rd in terms of
number of PhDs awarded in Science and Engineering (S&E) as per “Research and
Development Statistics at a glance 2022-23” of Deptt. Of Science and Technology. India also
ranked 3rd in 2022 (from 7th in 2010) in terms of total number of Science and Engineering
publications. The Government of India has been making concerted efforts to enhance the
quality of education across the country. These efforts not only reflect in the growing global
presence and academic competitiveness of Indian HEIs, but also impact their performance in
international rankings.
NEP 2020 envisions to instill among the learners a deep-rooted pride in being Indian,
not only in thought, but also in spirit, intellect, and deeds, as well as to develop knowledge,
skills, values, and dispositions that support responsible commitment to human rights,
sustainable development and living, and global well-being, thereby reflecting a truly global
citizen.As per data available on Unified District Information on School Education plus
(UDISE+) portal, the total number of enrollment in Government schools from pre-primary to
higher secondary was 13,11,13,434 in 2018-19 and in 2024-25, it was 12,15,89,911. Based
on the recommendations of NEP 2020, w.e.f., 2022-23 UDISE+ has been revitalized to
capture individual student wise data and create students’ registry. There has been a complete
change in the manner of collection of data from 2022-23 onwards from the Gross Enrolment
Data to Individual student data. This makes comparison of data from previous years
statistically different/inchoate.
Further, as per data available on UDISE+ portal, the dropout rate during 2018-19 at
Primary, Upper Primary and Secondary level was 4.5, 4.7 and 17.9 respectively. During the
period 2024-25, the dropout rate decreased substantially at all levels of school education and
the dropout rate for Primary, Upper Primary and Secondary level is 0.3, 3.5 and 11.5
respectively.
NEP 2020 provides different timelines as well as principles and methodology for its
implementation. It also envisions operationalization of the entire policy in the decade of
2030-40, following which another comprehensive review will be undertaken. Education is
in the concurrent list of the Constitution and most of the schools are within the
administrative domain of the respective State and UT Government. Accordingly, Ministry
of Education, State Governments, education-related Ministries, the regulatory and
implementing bodies of school and higher education such as University Grants Commission,
All India Council for Technical Education, National Council for Teacher Education,
National Council of Educational Research and Training, Central Board of Secondary
Education, Universities/Colleges/Schools etc. have taken several initiatives for
implementation of NEP 2020. Monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of the NEP is
an ongoing process.
Under Skill Education component of Samagra Shiksha Scheme, financial assistance
is provided to the States and UTs for giving exposure to Vocational Education to students of
Grades VI to VIII and introduction of vocational courses from Grades IX to XII, which are
aligned with the National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF). Assistance is also
provided for the introduction of Skill Education in schools, capacity building of Skill
Education teachers/skill trainers, development of competency-based curriculum and
teaching learning material, development of management information system for monitoring
and evaluation, and taking up innovative programmes under Skill Education. Till 2025-26,
36,465 schools have been approved under the scheme out of which the Skill Education has
been implemented in 25,140 schools with the enrolment of 35,56,330 students.
Under PM SHRI till 2025-26, 4,988 schools have been approved for skill education
under the scheme out of which the Skill Education has been implemented in 3,798 schools
with the enrolment of 7,58,710 students.
The Department of School Education & Literacy (DoSEL) coordinates for the
implementation of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) in schools. The schemetargets schools/college drop outs, out-of-school children and unemployed youths in the age
group of 15-45 years. Under the scheme the targeted groups are offered demand driven and
industry-linked skilling courses that will enable them to choose a career path aligned with
their abilities and aspirations. It has been envisaged to leverage the existing infrastructure of
schools after the school hours or on non-working days as ‘Skill Hub’ for imparting Skill
Education and Training.
NEP 2020 provides for facilitation of research/teaching collaborations and
faculty/student exchanges with high-quality foreign institutions. It also encourages high
performing Indian universities to set up their campuses in other countries.
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