**Executive Summary**
The document is a response from the Ministry of Power to questions raised in the Lok Sabha regarding the outstanding debt and payables of Distribution Companies (DISCOMs). It provides details on the current status, the impact of the Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY), and government measures to reduce DISCOM losses. The response is dated December 18, 2025, and references data as of March 31, 2025, and October 30, 2025.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **Outstanding Debt and Payables:**
* State-wise details of outstanding debt and payables for power purchase as of March 31, 2025, are provided in Annexure I and II.
* Payables for power purchase at the national level have decreased from 132 days (FY24) to 120 days (FY25 Provisional).
* Legacy Dues of Generating Companies, Traders and Transcos have reduced from Rs. 44,701 Cr in March 2024 to Rs. 18,857 Cr in March 2025.
* **Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY):**
* UDAY aimed to improve operational and financial turnaround of State-owned DISCOMs through efficiency improvements and financial restructuring.
* Under UDAY, States took over 75% of DISCOM debt as of September 30, 2015.
* AT&C losses reduced from 23.70% in FY16 to 20.78% in FY20 due to States and DISCOMs participation under UDAY and other efficiency measures.
* DISCOM-wise target and achievement of AT&C Loss is enclosed at Annexure III.
* **Government Initiatives to Reduce DISCOM Losses:**
* The Government of India supports State distribution utilities to improve performance through various initiatives.
* Key initiatives include:
* Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS) launched to improve power quality and reliability. Funds are linked to States/distribution utilities taking necessary measures.
* Performance-linked additional borrowing space of 0.5% of GSDP allowed to State Governments.
* Additional Prudential Norms mandated for sanctioning loans to State-owned power utilities.
* Implementation of Fuel and Power Purchase Costs Adjustment (FPPCA) and cost-reflective tariff.
* Rules and Standard Operating Procedure issued for proper subsidy accounting and release.
* AT&C losses at the national level have reduced from 21.9% in FY21 to 16.16% in FY25, and the ACS-ARR gap has reduced from Rs. 0.69/kWh in FY21 to Rs. 0.11/kWh in FY25.
**Impact Analysis**
**State Governments / Distribution Utilities**
* **Impact:** The initiatives outlined affect state-owned power distribution companies and state governments. Improvements in performance can lead to greater financial stability, operational efficiency, and access to additional borrowing space.
* **Action Required:** States and distribution utilities must implement the necessary measures to improve their performance to access funds under the RDSS and leverage the additional borrowing space. They also need to implement FPPCA and ensure proper subsidy accounting.
Key Entities Referenced
Distribution Companies (DISCOMS): Electricity distribution companies facing debt and operational challenges.
Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS): A scheme to improve the quality, reliability, and financial sustainability of the power distribution sector.
Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY): Scheme for operational and financial turnaround of State-owned DISCOMs.
Ministry of Power: The central government ministry responsible for power-related policies and initiatives.
State distribution utilities: Entities responsible for power distribution within states.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF POWER
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3075
ANSWERED ON 18.12.2025
OUTSTANDING DEBT AND PAYABLES OF DISCOMs
3075. ADV. ADOOR PRAKASH:
DR. KIRSAN NAMDEO:
Will the Minister of POWER
be pleased to state:
(a) the details of the total outstanding debt and payables of Distribution Companies
(DISCOMs) as of 30.10.25;
(b) the details of the Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY) goals along with the
status of viability, DISCOM-wise;
(c) the number of DISCOMs met UDAY targets for loss reduction; and
(d) the measures being taken by the Government to reduce DISCOMs losses and gaps
between revenues and costs?
A N S W E R
THE MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF POWER
(SHRI SHRIPAD NAIK)
(a): State-wise details of outstanding debt and payables for power purchase as on
31.03.2025 are enclosed at Annexure I and II respectively. Payables for power purchase
at national level have reduced from 132 days level (FY 24) to 120 days level (FY
25(Provisional)). Further, Legacy Dues of Generating companies (IPPs, CPSEs and
Renewable Energy Developers), Traders and Transcos have reduced from Rs.44,701 Cr
in March 2024 to Rs.18,857 Cr in March 2025.
(b) & (c): UDAY was launched with an overall objective of operational and financial
turnaround of State owned DISCOMs through efficiency improvements and financial
restructuring. Recognising that the liabilities of the State owned DISCOMs are the
contingent liabilities of the States themselves, UDAY envisaged States taking over 75%
of the debt of the DISCOMs as on 30.09.2015. As a result of participation of States and
DISCOMs under UDAY and other efficiency measures, AT&C losses reduced from 23.70%
in FY16 to 20.78% in FY20. DISCOM-wise target and achievement of AT&C Loss is
enclosed at Annexure III.
(d): Government of India has been supporting the State distribution utilities to
improve their performance through various initiatives. Some of the key initiatives taken
for improving the viability of the distribution utilities, are as under:
• Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS) launched with the objective of
improving the quality and reliability of power through a financially sustainable and
operationally efficient distribution sector. The release of funds under the scheme is
linked to States/ distribution utilities taking necessary measures to improve their
performance.
……2.- 2 -
• Performance linked additional borrowing space of 0.5% of GSDP allowed to State
Governments.
• Additional Prudential Norms mandated for sanctioning of loans to State owned
power utilities.
• Rules have been put in place for implementation of Fuel and Power Purchase
Costs Adjustment (FPPCA) and cost reflective tariff so as to ensure that all prudent
expenses for supply of electricity are passed through.
• Rules and Standard Operating Procedure issued for proper subsidy accounting
and release.
The States/ distribution utilities are implementing the reforms and with the
concerted efforts of Central and State Governments/ distribution utilities, AT&C losses
at national level have reduced from 21.9% in FY21 to 16.16% in FY25 and ACS-ARR gap
has reduced from Rs 0.69/kWh in FY21 to Rs. 0.11/kWh in FY25.
************ANNEXURE-I
ANNEXURE REFERRED IN REPLY TO PART (a) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.
3075 ANSWERED IN THE LOK SABHA ON 18.12.2025
*************
State wise Outstanding Debt (Rs Cr)
FY2024-25
States/ UTs
77,600
Andhra Pradesh
1,131
Assam
14,002
Bihar
5,428
Chhattisgarh
258
Gujarat
20,311
Haryana
7,024
Himachal Pradesh
22,381
Jharkhand
47,993
Karnataka
17,638
Kerala
49,239
Madhya Pradesh
90,659
Maharashtra
745
Manipur
1,474
Meghalaya
17,411
Punjab
98,488
Rajasthan
1,88,411*
Tamil Nadu
59,230
Telangana
0
Tripura
61,395
Uttar Pradesh
1,729
Uttarakhand
15,279
West Bengal
7,595
Private Sector
8,05,422
Total
*: data also includes last year figures for TANGEDCo (Tamil Nadu) which was recently
unbundled into 3 companies one of which is TNPDCL (distribution company of Tamil
Nadu). Considering, Outstanding Debt of only TNPDCL i.e. Rs 1,01,782 Cr, total
Outstanding Debt at National level would be: Rs 7,18,793 Cr.
************ANNEXURE-II
ANNEXURE REFERRED IN REPLY TO PART (a) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.
3075 ANSWERED IN THE LOK SABHA ON 18.12.2025
*************
State-wise Payables for Power Purchase
States/Uts Payables (Days)
As on March 31, 2024 As on March 31, 2025
Andhra Pradesh 105 105
Assam 41 62
Bihar 109 97
Chattisgarh 108 82
Delhi 277 389
Gujarat 3 4
Haryana 38 46
Himachal Pradesh 71 80
Jharkhand 420 384
Karnataka 177 152
Kerala 95 69
Madhya Pradesh 211 208
Maharashtra 104 111
Manipur 76 74
Meghalaya 212 193
Odisha 54 -
Punjab 40 45
Rajasthan 63 51
Tamil Nadu 184 78
Telangana 310 295
Tripura 94 -
Uttar Pradesh 153 156
Uttarakhand 39 61
West Bengal 159 172
All India 132 120
*****************ANNEXURE-III
ANNEXURE REFERRED IN REPLY TO PARTS (b) & (c) OF UNSTARRED QUESTION
NO. 3075 ANSWERED IN THE LOK SABHA ON 18.12.2025
*************
DISCOM wise AT&C loss target and achievement
Sl. DISCOM AT&C Loss Targets under UDAY as per Achievement
No. MoUs
15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20
1 Andaman & Nicobar 18.61 18.42 16.84 15.50 15 - - 30.28 23.43 23.34
PD
2 APEPDCL - 5.46 5.45 5.44 - 7.10 7.48 10.88 18.30 6.64
3 APSPDCL - 11.29 11.09 10.89 - 12.03 17.02 16.04 29.76 13.17
4 Arunachal PD 57.74 52.41 43 39 25 54.58 53.64 51.08 52.53 40.49
5 APDCL 22.49 19 17.75 16.1 15 26.02 20.11 17.64 20.19 23.39
6 NBPDCL 40 34 28 20 15 35.73 37.85 30.46 26.97 28.94
7 SBPDCL 44 38 30 22 15 47.87 46.81 35.53 37.81 48.29
8 CSPDCL 21 18.93 18 15 - 22.10 23.87 20.74 24.96 18.46
9 DNHPDCL - 7.97 7.5 7 - - - 6.55 5.45 3.56
10 Daman & Diu PD - 10.33 9.32 8.3 - - - 17.11 6.19 4.07
11 Goa PD 21.06 18.75 16.59 15 - 19.77 24.33 10.48 17.61 11.41
12 DGVCL 9.29 9.24 9.19 9.15 - 10.48 10.20 6.60 5.90 6.22
13 MGVCL 16 15.5 15 14.5 - 11.81 11.24 11.73 10.38 11.30
14 PGVCL 22 19.66 17.33 15 - 24.71 21.71 19.64 21.21 18.80
15 UGVCL 9.82 9.77 9.72 9.67 - 11.53 9.17 9.32 12.01 6.88
16 DHBVNL 26.44 23.10 19.16 15.34 - 26.44 23.10 19.16 15.34 16.37
17 UHBVNL 31.61 25.94 21.64 15.01 - 32.84 30.68 25.38 22.04 20.83
18 HPSEBL 13.85 13.5 13 12.75 - 9.68 11.48 11.08 12.46 13.33
19 JKPDD 56 46 35 25 15 58.75 59.96 53.67 49.94 60.46
20 JBVNL 35 28 22 15 - 33.34 40.83 44.72 28.33 37.13
21 BESCOM 16.76 12.94 14.61 14.36 14.08 13.88 14.91 13.17 15.79 17.91
22 CHESCOM 16.2 15.16 14.74 14.5 - 13.60 19.31 13.20 19.91 21.65
23 GESCOM 20.65 17.75 16.67 15 - 18.00 17.86 16.39 27.38 17.87
24 HESCOM 18.1 17.68 17.02 15 - 27.63 18.35 22.84 24.88 15.31
25 MESCOM 12.99 12.55 11.79 11.7 - 12.71 19.47 14.23 18.12 15.33
……..2.- 2 -
26 KSEBL 11.57 11.45 11.23 11 - 12.40 13.42 12.81 9.10 13.12
27 - 13.9 10.32 10 - - - 19.15 26.82 13.69
Lakshadweep ED
28 MPMaKVVCL 28.65 22.09 19.19 17.2 15 31.09 34.29 39.00 45.02 37.17
29 MPPaKVVCL 22.38 20.4 18.41 16.27 15 25.06 19.08 18.69 25.28 20.94
30 MPPoKVVCL 22.65 19.72 17.73 15.59 15 26.10 28.00 34.84 40.38 33.89
31 MSEDCL 17.31 16.74 15.61 14.39 - 21.74 22.84 14.38 16.23 19.80
32 MSPDCL 44.2 25.15 18.7 15 - 31.72 33.01 27.46 25.26 23.30
33 MePDCL 36.5 32.51 27.5 21.5 15 45.98 38.81 41.19 35.22 31.67
34 Mizoram PD 32.17 27.38 23.76 20.3 15 35.18 24.98 16.16 16.20 20.66
35 Nagaland PD - 70 39 32 24 33.44 38.50 41.36 65.73 64.79
36 Puducherry PD 19.88 19 15 12 - 22.43 21.34 19.19 19.77 18.45
37 PSPCL 16.16 15.30 14.50 14 - 15.88 14.46 17.31 11.28 14.35
38 AVVNL 24 20 17.5 15 - 27.66 25.19 23.14 23.37 22.08
39 JdVVNL 22.4 18 16.5 15 - 29.67 26.17 23.49 35.20 38.26
40 JVVNL 28 22 18.5 15 - 35.87 29.79 25.19 25.73 27.83
41 Sikkim PD 37.13 29.5 25.94 15 - 43.89 35.62 32.48 41.83 28.77
42 TANGEDCO 14.58 14.06 13.79 13.5 - 16.83 18.23 19.47 17.86 15.00
43 TSNPDCL - 11.90 10.95 10 - 17.41 16.19 24.74 28.63 35.26
44 TSSPDCL - 12.68 11.3 9.9 - 12.64 14.77 17.16 13.79 15.57
45 TSECL 33.8 30 25 20 15 32.68 28.95 30.04 38.03 35.71
46 DVVNL 35.94 30.3 24.83 20.44 15.35 43.13 40.62 38.89 37.12 39.75
47 KESCO 35.25 29.44 24.11 19.37 14.45 28.16 25.10 22.52 16.49 15.49
48 MVVNL 33.13 27.8 23.2 19.45 14.89 44.58 47.27 45.29 40.62 34.14
49 PaVVNL 24.63 22.99 20.63 17.53 14.01 27.12 29.73 25.97 22.27 18.64
50 PuVVNL 38.87 34.19 26.92 20.65 15.49 51.14 53.19 47.89 39.64 34.24
51 UPCL 17 16 15 14.5 - 18.01 16.68 16.34 17.45 20.35
*************